中国考古遗址人群下颌圆枕的变异
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摘要
目的呈现中国全新世人群下颌圆枕的表现程度,分析下颌圆枕的时代变异、人群间变异并进行相关原因探讨。方法用指定尺寸的种子,如花生、黄豆、南瓜籽等对下颌圆枕进行形象类比和组合描述,并进行不同时代、不同性别、不同地点间的比较。结果下颌圆枕有明显的性别差异,男性>女性;时代差异显著,表现为新石器>青铜铁器>现代;不同地点人群下颌圆枕比较中,姜家梁>新疆>土城子、喇嘛洞。结论全新世时期,下颌圆枕的隆起表现程度随时代发展而降低,下颌圆枕的表现程度差异可能与食物差异导致咀嚼压力的不同有密切的关系。
Objective To present the performance of mandibular torus of Chinese in the Holocene,to analyze the age variation and the intercrowd variation of the mandibular torus and to explore related reasons. Methods Image comparison and combination description of the mandibular torus with seeds of the specified size, such as peanuts, soybeans, pumpkin seeds, etc,and compare them in different eras,genders,and locations. Results The result showed that the male's mandibular torus was distinctively stronger than that of the female. It was larger in the Neolithic Age than in the Bronze and Iron Age and the size decreased further as human beings moved into the modern era. In comparison of mandibular torus in different locations, Jiangjialiang was the largest, Xinjiang was the second, and Tuchengzi and Lamadong were the smallest. Conclusion During the Holocene period, the degree of bulging of the mandibular torus is reduced from time to time, and the difference in the performance of the mandibular torus may be closely related to the difference in mastication pressure caused by food differences.
Objective To present the performance of mandibular torus of Chinese in the Holocene,to analyze the age variation and the intercrowd variation of the mandibular torus and to explore related reasons. Methods Image comparison and combination description of the mandibular torus with seeds of the specified size, such as peanuts, soybeans, pumpkin seeds, etc,and compare them in different eras,genders,and locations. Results The result showed that the male's mandibular torus was distinctively stronger than that of the female. It was larger in the Neolithic Age than in the Bronze and Iron Age and the size decreased further as human beings moved into the modern era. In comparison of mandibular torus in different locations, Jiangjialiang was the largest, Xinjiang was the second, and Tuchengzi and Lamadong were the smallest. Conclusion During the Holocene period, the degree of bulging of the mandibular torus is reduced from time to time, and the difference in the performance of the mandibular torus may be closely related to the difference in mastication pressure caused by food differences.
引文
[1] Shao XQ.Handbook of Anthropometry [M].ShangHai:Shanghai Lexicographical Press,1985:1-492.(in Chinese)邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985:1-492.
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[3] Li HJ,Zhang YD,Fang LY,et al.Variation of mandibular torus of Jiangjialiang population in Neolithic [J].Archaeology and Cultural Relics,2018,(3):102-105.(in Chinese)李海军,张一丹,方璐瑜,等.近7000年前河北姜家梁人群下颌圆枕研究[J].考古与文物,2018,(3):102-105.
[4] Li HJ.Variation of mandibular torus of Xinjiang population in Bronze-Iron age [J].Research of China’s frontier Archaeology,2012,(1):433-438.(in Chinese)李海军.青铜铁器时代新疆人群下颌圆枕研究[J].边疆考古研究,2012,(1):433-438.
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[8] Gu YC.A research on the skeletons of warring-states period from Tuchengzi Site,Helinge’er County,Inner Mongolia Province [D].Changchun:The Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree of Jilin University,2007:88-94.(in Chinese)顾玉才.内蒙古和林格尔县土城子遗址战国时期人骨研究[D].长春:吉林大学博士学位论文,2007:88-94.
[9] Xinzhou Archaeological Team.The excavation of Youyao site in Xinzhou of Shanxi Province [J].Archaeology,1989,(4):289-299.(in Chinese)忻州考古队.山西忻州市游邀遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1989,(4):289-299.
[10] Xinzhou Archaeological Team.Archaeology Excavation at Youyao Site,Xinzhou City [M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:1-200.(in Chinese)忻州考古队.忻州游邀考古[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-200.
[11] Igarashi Y,Ohzeki S,Uesu K,et al.Frequency of mandibular tori in the present-day Japanese [J].Anthropol Sci,2008,116(1):17-32.
[12] Yaacob H,Tirmzi H,Ismail K.The prevalence of oral tori in Malaysians [J].J Oral Pathol Med,1983,38(1):40-42.
[13] Al-Sebaie D,Alwrikat M.Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Jordanian population [J].Pak Oral Dent J,2011,31(1):214-216.
[14] Reichart PA,Neuhaus F,Sookasem M.Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Germans and Thai [J].Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1988,16(1):61-64.
[15] Eggen S,Natvig B.Variation in torus mandibularis prevalence in Norway [J].Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1991,19(1):32-35.
[16] Haugen LK.Palatine and mandibular tori:a morphologic study in the current Norwegian population [J].Acta Odontol Scand,1992,50(2):65-77.
[17] Sonnier KE,Horning GM,Cohen ME.Palatal tubercles,palatal tori,and mandibular tori:prevalence and anatomical features in a U.S.population [J].J Periodontol,1999,70(3):329-336.
[18] Ihunwo AO,Phukubye P.The frequency and anatomical features of torus mandibularis in a Black South African population [J].J Comp Hum Biol,2006,57(4):253-262.
[19] Sawair FA,Shayyab MH,Al-Rabab’ah MA,et al.Prevalence and clinical characteristics of tori and jaw exostoses in a teaching hospital in Jordan [J].Saudi Medi J,2009,30(12):1557-1562.
[20] Cho H,Shin DH,Kim Y,et al.Torus mandibularis in skeletal remains from the Joseon Dynasty and modern Korea [J].Anthropol Sci,2017,125(3):153-158.
[21] Saori O,Yuriko Ⅰ.Frequency of Mandibular Torus in Jomon People,Medieval Japanese and Modern Japanese [J].Anthropol Sci,2007,115(2):97-107.
[22] Mayhall JT.The effect of culture change upon the Eskimo dentition [J].Arctic Anthropol,1970,7(1):117-121.
[23] Mayhall JT,Mayhall MF.Torus mandibularis in two Northwest Territories villages [J].Am J Phys Anthropol,1971,34(1):143-148.
[24] Park S.The eating and cooking spaces of Yang-ban houses in the Cho-sun dynasty [J].J Arch History,1992,1(2):39-51.
[25] Ossenberg NS.Mandibular torus a synthesis of new and previously reported data and a discussion of its cause [J].Am J Phys Anthropol,1980,52(2):264.
[26] Pechenkina EA,Benfer RA.The role of occlusal stress and gingival infection in the formation of exostoses on mandible and maxilla from Neolithic China [J].J Comp Hum Biol,2002,53(2):112-130.
[27] Johnson CC,Gorlin RJ,Anderson VE.Torus mandibularis:a genetic study [J].Am J Hum Genet,1965,17(5):433-439.
[28] Krahl VE.A familial study of the palatine and mandibular tori [J].Anat Record,1949,103(3):477.
[29] Suzuki M,Sakai T.A familial study of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis [J].Am J Phys Anthropol,1960,18(4):263-272.
[30] Au?kalnis A,Rutkūnas Ⅴ,Bernhardt O,et al.Multifactorial etiology of torus mandibularis:Study of twins [J].Stomatologija,2015,17(2):35-40.
[31] Scott GR,Schomberg R,Swenson Ⅴ,et al.Northern exposure:Mandibular torus in the Greenlandic Norse and the whole wide world [J].Am J Phys Anthropol,2016,161(3):513-521.
[32] Seah YH.Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis:a review of the literature [J].Aust Orthod J,1995,40(5):318-321.
[33] Li HJ,Zhang QCh,Zhu H.The size variation and related implications of mandibles in northern China in the past 7000 years [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(4):387-394.
[2] Xi HJ,Chen Zh.Anthropometric Method [M].2nd,ed.Beijing:Science Press,2010:1-372.(in Chinese)席焕久,陈昭,主编.人体测量方法[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2010:1-372.
[3] Li HJ,Zhang YD,Fang LY,et al.Variation of mandibular torus of Jiangjialiang population in Neolithic [J].Archaeology and Cultural Relics,2018,(3):102-105.(in Chinese)李海军,张一丹,方璐瑜,等.近7000年前河北姜家梁人群下颌圆枕研究[J].考古与文物,2018,(3):102-105.
[4] Li HJ.Variation of mandibular torus of Xinjiang population in Bronze-Iron age [J].Research of China’s frontier Archaeology,2012,(1):433-438.(in Chinese)李海军.青铜铁器时代新疆人群下颌圆枕研究[J].边疆考古研究,2012,(1):433-438.
[5] Mayhall JT.The effect of culture change upon the Eskimo dentition [J].Arctic Anthropol,1970,7(1):117-121.
[6] Liu W,Zhang QCh,Wu XJ,et al.The tooth wear and health condition of the Bronze-Iron Age’s populations in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia [J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2005,24(1):32-53.(in Chinese)刘武,张全超,吴秀杰,等.新疆与内蒙古地区青铜-铁器时代居民牙齿磨耗及健康状况的分析[J].人类学学报,2005,24(1):32-53.
[7] Gao Y,Zhang QCh,Zhu H.Distribution of dental caries of ancient population from Inner-Mongolia and Helingeer Tuchengzi Site [J].Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition),2006,(3):515-516.(in Chinese)高扬,张全超,朱泓.内蒙古和林格尔县土城子遗址古代居民的龋病分布[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2006,(3):515-516.
[8] Gu YC.A research on the skeletons of warring-states period from Tuchengzi Site,Helinge’er County,Inner Mongolia Province [D].Changchun:The Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree of Jilin University,2007:88-94.(in Chinese)顾玉才.内蒙古和林格尔县土城子遗址战国时期人骨研究[D].长春:吉林大学博士学位论文,2007:88-94.
[9] Xinzhou Archaeological Team.The excavation of Youyao site in Xinzhou of Shanxi Province [J].Archaeology,1989,(4):289-299.(in Chinese)忻州考古队.山西忻州市游邀遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1989,(4):289-299.
[10] Xinzhou Archaeological Team.Archaeology Excavation at Youyao Site,Xinzhou City [M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:1-200.(in Chinese)忻州考古队.忻州游邀考古[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-200.
[11] Igarashi Y,Ohzeki S,Uesu K,et al.Frequency of mandibular tori in the present-day Japanese [J].Anthropol Sci,2008,116(1):17-32.
[12] Yaacob H,Tirmzi H,Ismail K.The prevalence of oral tori in Malaysians [J].J Oral Pathol Med,1983,38(1):40-42.
[13] Al-Sebaie D,Alwrikat M.Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Jordanian population [J].Pak Oral Dent J,2011,31(1):214-216.
[14] Reichart PA,Neuhaus F,Sookasem M.Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Germans and Thai [J].Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1988,16(1):61-64.
[15] Eggen S,Natvig B.Variation in torus mandibularis prevalence in Norway [J].Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1991,19(1):32-35.
[16] Haugen LK.Palatine and mandibular tori:a morphologic study in the current Norwegian population [J].Acta Odontol Scand,1992,50(2):65-77.
[17] Sonnier KE,Horning GM,Cohen ME.Palatal tubercles,palatal tori,and mandibular tori:prevalence and anatomical features in a U.S.population [J].J Periodontol,1999,70(3):329-336.
[18] Ihunwo AO,Phukubye P.The frequency and anatomical features of torus mandibularis in a Black South African population [J].J Comp Hum Biol,2006,57(4):253-262.
[19] Sawair FA,Shayyab MH,Al-Rabab’ah MA,et al.Prevalence and clinical characteristics of tori and jaw exostoses in a teaching hospital in Jordan [J].Saudi Medi J,2009,30(12):1557-1562.
[20] Cho H,Shin DH,Kim Y,et al.Torus mandibularis in skeletal remains from the Joseon Dynasty and modern Korea [J].Anthropol Sci,2017,125(3):153-158.
[21] Saori O,Yuriko Ⅰ.Frequency of Mandibular Torus in Jomon People,Medieval Japanese and Modern Japanese [J].Anthropol Sci,2007,115(2):97-107.
[22] Mayhall JT.The effect of culture change upon the Eskimo dentition [J].Arctic Anthropol,1970,7(1):117-121.
[23] Mayhall JT,Mayhall MF.Torus mandibularis in two Northwest Territories villages [J].Am J Phys Anthropol,1971,34(1):143-148.
[24] Park S.The eating and cooking spaces of Yang-ban houses in the Cho-sun dynasty [J].J Arch History,1992,1(2):39-51.
[25] Ossenberg NS.Mandibular torus a synthesis of new and previously reported data and a discussion of its cause [J].Am J Phys Anthropol,1980,52(2):264.
[26] Pechenkina EA,Benfer RA.The role of occlusal stress and gingival infection in the formation of exostoses on mandible and maxilla from Neolithic China [J].J Comp Hum Biol,2002,53(2):112-130.
[27] Johnson CC,Gorlin RJ,Anderson VE.Torus mandibularis:a genetic study [J].Am J Hum Genet,1965,17(5):433-439.
[28] Krahl VE.A familial study of the palatine and mandibular tori [J].Anat Record,1949,103(3):477.
[29] Suzuki M,Sakai T.A familial study of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis [J].Am J Phys Anthropol,1960,18(4):263-272.
[30] Au?kalnis A,Rutkūnas Ⅴ,Bernhardt O,et al.Multifactorial etiology of torus mandibularis:Study of twins [J].Stomatologija,2015,17(2):35-40.
[31] Scott GR,Schomberg R,Swenson Ⅴ,et al.Northern exposure:Mandibular torus in the Greenlandic Norse and the whole wide world [J].Am J Phys Anthropol,2016,161(3):513-521.
[32] Seah YH.Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis:a review of the literature [J].Aust Orthod J,1995,40(5):318-321.
[33] Li HJ,Zhang QCh,Zhu H.The size variation and related implications of mandibles in northern China in the past 7000 years [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(4):387-394.