自闭特质个体生物运动信息感知能力研究
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摘要
为评价自闭特质个体生物运动信息感知能力,采用自闭特质问卷(AQ)筛查出自闭特质组和对照组各35人,进行时距判断任务的生物运动信息感知能力测试。结果表明,在包含社会性线索的完整生物运动序列实验中,对照组主观相等点(PSE)值为-0.095±0.336,自闭特质组PSE值为0.104±0.252,两组PSE值差异有统计学意义(t=-2.796,P<0.05)。自闭特质组PSE值为正值,与"0"比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.434,P<0.05),即具有时距压缩效应。在去除社会性线索的杂乱生物运动序列实验中:对照组PSE值为-0.079±0.250,自闭特质组PSE值为-0.083±0.306,两组之间PSE值差异无统计学意义(t=0.061,P=0.951)。自闭特质个体对完整生物运动信息感知存在缺陷,表明自闭特质影响个体对于完整生物运动信息的加工。
To explore biological motion perception in individuals with autistic traits,we screened 35 individuals with high autistic traits by AQ as autistic traits( AT) group. Another 35 individuals with low autistic traits were included as controls. All subjects took the time lag judgment task to test their abilities of biological motion perception. As results,in biological motion task with social cues,there was a significant difference between the control group and AT group(-0. 095 ± 0. 336 vs 0. 104 ± 0. 252,t =-2. 796,P < 0. 05)regarding the PSE values. The PSE value of the AT group was positive. Compared with " 0",the difference was statistically significant( t = 2. 434,P < 0. 05),which means a " time distance" compression effect. In biological motion task without social cues,there was no significant difference between control group and AT group(-0. 079 ± 0. 250 vs-0. 083 ± 0. 306,t = 0. 061,P = 0. 951) regarding the PSE values. In conclusion,the individuals with high AT have deficit in perceiving biological motion with social cues. These results implicate that autistic traits can affect the ability to perceive biological motion.
To explore biological motion perception in individuals with autistic traits,we screened 35 individuals with high autistic traits by AQ as autistic traits( AT) group. Another 35 individuals with low autistic traits were included as controls. All subjects took the time lag judgment task to test their abilities of biological motion perception. As results,in biological motion task with social cues,there was a significant difference between the control group and AT group(-0. 095 ± 0. 336 vs 0. 104 ± 0. 252,t =-2. 796,P < 0. 05)regarding the PSE values. The PSE value of the AT group was positive. Compared with " 0",the difference was statistically significant( t = 2. 434,P < 0. 05),which means a " time distance" compression effect. In biological motion task without social cues,there was no significant difference between control group and AT group(-0. 079 ± 0. 250 vs-0. 083 ± 0. 306,t = 0. 061,P = 0. 951) regarding the PSE values. In conclusion,the individuals with high AT have deficit in perceiving biological motion with social cues. These results implicate that autistic traits can affect the ability to perceive biological motion.
引文
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[14]PELPHREY K A,CARTER E J.Brain mechanisms for social perception[J].Ann N Y Acad Sci,2008,1145:283-299.
[15]VAN BOXTEL J J A,LU H J.Impaired global,and compensatory local,biological motion processing in people with high levels of autistic traits[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2013,4:209.
[16]VON DEM HAGEN E A H,NUMMENMAA L,YU R,et al.Autism spectrum traits in the typical population predict structure and function in the posterior superior temporal sulcus[J].Cerebral Cortex,2011,21(3):493-500.
[17]ALAERTS K,NAYAR K,KELLY C,et al.Age-related changes in intrinsic function of the superior temporal sulcus in autism spectrum disorders[J].Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci,2015,10(10):1413-1423.
[2]BARON-COHEN S,BELMONTE M K.AUTISM:a window onto the development of the social and the analytic brain[J].Annual Review of Neuroscience,2005,28:109-126.
[3]ROBINSON E B,MUNIR K,MUNAF M R,et al.Stability of butistic traits in the general population:Further evidence for a continuum of impairment[J].Journal of the American Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry,2011,50(4):376-384.
[4]RING H,WOODBURY-SMITH M,WATSON P,et al.Clinical heterogeneity among people with high functioning autism spectrum conditions:evidence favouring a continuous severity gradient[J].Behav Brain Funct,2008,4:11.
[5]DAWSON G,ESTES A,MUNSON J,et al.Quantitative assessment of autism symptom-related traits in probands and parents:broader phenotype autism symptom scale[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2007,37(3):523-536.
[6]蒋毅,王莉.生物运动加工特异性:整体结构和局部运动的作用[J].心理科学进展,2011,19(3):301-311.
[7]TROJE N F,WESTHOFF C.The inversion effect in biological motion perception:evidence for a"life detector”[J].Current Biology,2006,16(8):821-824.
[8]WANG L,JIANG Y.Life motion signals lengthen perceived temporal duration[J].PNAS,2011,109(11):E673-E677.
[9]ZHANG L,SUN Y,CHEN F,et al.Psychometric properties of the Autism-spectrum quotient in both clinical and non-clinical samples:Chinese version for mainland China[J].BMC Psychiatry,2016,16:213.
[10]BARON-COHEN S,WHEELWRIGHT S,SKINNER R,et al.The autism-spectrum quotient(AQ):evidence from asperger syndrome/highfunctioning autism,males and females,scientists and mathematicians[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2001,31(1):5-17.
[11]WANG L,JIANG Y.Life motion signals lengthen perceived temporal duration[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(11):673-677.
[12]SIMION F,REGOLIN L,BULF H.A predisposition for biological motion in the newborn baby[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(2):809-813.
[13]VON DEM HAGEN E A,NAOMI B.High autistic trait individuals do not modulate gaze behaviour in response to social presence but look away more when actively engaged in an interaction[J].Autism Res,2017,10(2):359-368.
[14]PELPHREY K A,CARTER E J.Brain mechanisms for social perception[J].Ann N Y Acad Sci,2008,1145:283-299.
[15]VAN BOXTEL J J A,LU H J.Impaired global,and compensatory local,biological motion processing in people with high levels of autistic traits[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2013,4:209.
[16]VON DEM HAGEN E A H,NUMMENMAA L,YU R,et al.Autism spectrum traits in the typical population predict structure and function in the posterior superior temporal sulcus[J].Cerebral Cortex,2011,21(3):493-500.
[17]ALAERTS K,NAYAR K,KELLY C,et al.Age-related changes in intrinsic function of the superior temporal sulcus in autism spectrum disorders[J].Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci,2015,10(10):1413-1423.