野生和栽培大豆种质油脂组成特点及其与演化的关系
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摘要
以58份不同类型(野生、半野生和栽培)大豆种质为材料,利用32对SSR标记分析大豆种质间的遗传多样性和进化关系,采用NIRS和GC方法分别分析大豆脂肪含量和脂肪酸组分含量,研究不同类型大豆种质油脂组成特点及其与演化的关系。结果显示,野生大豆和栽培大豆的油脂组成存在显著差异,栽培大豆脂肪含量(平均20.8%)显著高于野生大豆(平均10.49%),油酸含量(平均28.5%)显著高于野生大豆(平均14.37%),而亚麻酸含量却显著低于野生大豆;由相关性分析可知,大豆种子中的脂肪与油酸含量显著正相关(r=0.85**),而与其他脂肪酸组分极显著负相关;油酸与所有其他脂肪酸组分均负相关,特别是与亚麻酸和亚油酸呈极显著负相关(r=?0.90**和?0.89**);油脂组成和SSR标记对不同类型大豆种质的聚类和主成分分析表明,2种分类结果基本一致,可分为栽培和野生2个亚群,半野生大豆则分布于2个亚群中。由此可见,大豆油脂组成与大豆种质的驯化程度有关,脂肪含量和亚麻酸含量可以作为大豆演化分类的参考指标。
In this study, 58 soybean accessions composed of wild, semi-wild and cultivated soybean were used to analyze the oil and fatty acid contents by the NIRs and GC methods. Their genetic diversity and domestication were also analyzed based on 32 pairs of SSR markers. There was a significant difference in oil content and fatty acid compositions between wild and cultivated soybeans. The oil content of cultivated soybean(an average of 20.8%) was significantly higher than that of wild soybean(an average of 10.49%). As regards fatty acid compositions, the content of oleic acid in cultivated soybean(an average of 28.5%) was significantly higher than that of wild soybean(an average of 14.37%), on the contrary, the content of linolenic acid was lower. In cultivated soybean, the oil content positively correlated with oleic acid content(r = 0.85**), and negatively correlated with other fatty acids. Moreover, the oleic acid content had a negative correlation with all other fatty acids, especially, with linoleic acid(r =?0.90**) and linolenic acid(r = ?0.89**). Similar clustering results were observed in the clustering and principal component analysis based on oil compositions and SSR molecular markers showing that the soybean accessions were clustered into two main subgroups of wild and cultivated soybean, and semi-wild soybean distributed into both subgroups. Therefore, we suggest that contents of oil and fatty acid compositions are related with the domestication level in soybean, and may be used as a reference index for the evolutionary classification in soybean.
In this study, 58 soybean accessions composed of wild, semi-wild and cultivated soybean were used to analyze the oil and fatty acid contents by the NIRs and GC methods. Their genetic diversity and domestication were also analyzed based on 32 pairs of SSR markers. There was a significant difference in oil content and fatty acid compositions between wild and cultivated soybeans. The oil content of cultivated soybean(an average of 20.8%) was significantly higher than that of wild soybean(an average of 10.49%). As regards fatty acid compositions, the content of oleic acid in cultivated soybean(an average of 28.5%) was significantly higher than that of wild soybean(an average of 14.37%), on the contrary, the content of linolenic acid was lower. In cultivated soybean, the oil content positively correlated with oleic acid content(r = 0.85**), and negatively correlated with other fatty acids. Moreover, the oleic acid content had a negative correlation with all other fatty acids, especially, with linoleic acid(r =?0.90**) and linolenic acid(r = ?0.89**). Similar clustering results were observed in the clustering and principal component analysis based on oil compositions and SSR molecular markers showing that the soybean accessions were clustered into two main subgroups of wild and cultivated soybean, and semi-wild soybean distributed into both subgroups. Therefore, we suggest that contents of oil and fatty acid compositions are related with the domestication level in soybean, and may be used as a reference index for the evolutionary classification in soybean.
引文
[1]庄无忌,韩华琼,谢发明,张乔,李福山,舒世珍,常汝镇.栽培、野生、半野生大豆脂肪酸组成的初步分析研究.大豆科学,1984,3:223-230.Zhuang W J,Han H W,Xie F M,Zhang Q,Li F S,Shu S Z,Chang R Z.Composition of fatty acid in cultivated,semi-cultivated and wild soybean.Soybean Sci,1984,3:223-230(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]吕景良,邵荣春,吴百灵,梁岐,吴桂荣.东北地区大豆品种资源脂肪酸组成的分析研究.作物学报,1990,16:349-356.Lyu J L,Shao R C,Wu B L,Liang Q,Wu G R.Studies on the fatty acid composition of soybean germplasm resources in northeast China.Acta Agron Sin,1990,16:349-356(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]Thelen J J,Ohlrogge J B.Metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants.Metab Eng,2002,4:12-21.
[4]李志香,沈翠平.多不饱和脂肪酸对人体的作用.生物学通报,1998,33(1):9-10.Li Z X,Shen C P.The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the human health.Bull Biol,1998,33(1):9-10(in Chinese).
[5]Willett W C,Stampfer M J,Manson J E,Hu F B,Oh K.Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.NEngl J Med,1997,337:1491-1499.
[6]Mounts T L,Warner K,List G R,Kleiman R,Fehr E G,Hammond E G,Wilcox J R.Effect of altered fatty acid composition on soybean oil stability.J Am Oil Chem Soc,1988,65:624-628.
[7]Judd J T,Clevidence B A,Muesing R A,Wittes J,Sunkin M E,Podczasy J J.Dietary trans fatty acids:effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of healthy men and women.Am J Clin Nutr,1994,59:861-868.
[8]Krisetherton P M.Trans-fats and coronary heart disease.Crit Rev Food Sci,2010,50:29-30.
[9]李福山.中国野生大豆资源的地理分布及生态分化研究.中国农业科学,1993,26(2):47-55.Li F S.Studies on the ecological and geographical distribution of the Chinese resources of wild soybean(Glycine soya).Sci Agric Sin,1993,26(2):47-55(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]Zhao H K,Zhuang B C,Wang Y M,Li Q J.AFLP analysis of wild(G.soja)and cultivated soybean(G.max)in China.Chin High Technol Lett,2000,10:32-35.
[11]吴晓雷,贺超英,陈受宜,庄炳昌,王克晶,王学臣.用SSR分子标记研究大豆属种间亲缘进化关系.遗传学报,2001,28:359-366.Wu X L,He C Y,Chen S Y,Zhuang B C,Wang K J,Wang X C.Phylogenetic analysis of interspecies in genus.Glycine through SSR markers.J Genet Genomics,2001,28:359-366(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]Zhou Z K,Jiang Y,Wang Z,Gou Z H,Lyu J,Li W Y,Yu Y J,Shu L P,Zhao Y J,Ma Y M,Fang C,Shen Y T,Liu T F,Li C C,Li Q,Wu M,Wang M,Wu Y S,Dong Y,Wan W T,Wang X,Ding Z L,Gao Y D,Xiang H,Zhu B G,Lee S H,Wang W,Tian Z X.Resequencing 302 wild and cultivated accessions identifies genes related to domestication and improvement in soybean.Nat Biotechnol,2015,4:408-414.
[13]王彪,常汝镇,陶莉,关荣霞,闫丽,张明恢,冯忠孚,邱丽娟.分析中国栽培大豆遗传多样性所需SSR引物的数目.分子植物育种,2003,1:82-88.Wang B,Chang R Z,Tao L,Guan R X,Yan L,Zhang M H,Feng Z F,Qiu L J.Identification of SSR primer numbers for analyzing genetic diversity of Chinese soybean cultivated soybean.Mol Plant Breed,2003,1:82-88(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]范胜栩,李斌,孙君明,韩粉霞,闫淑荣,王岚,王连铮.气相色谱方法定量检测大豆5种脂肪酸.中国油料作物学报,2015,37:548-553.Fan S X,Li B,Sun J M,Han F X,Yan S R,Wang L,Wang L Z.Aquantitative gas chromatographic method for determination of soybean seed fatty acid components.Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2015,37:548-553(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]Ma L,Li B,Han F X,Yan S R,Wang L Z,Sun J M.Evaluation of the chemical quality traits of soybean seeds,as related to sensory attributes of soymilk.Food Chem,2015,173:694-701.
[16]Mc Quitty L L.Similarity analysis by reciprocal pairs for discrete and continuous data.Educa Psychol Measure,1996,26:825-831.
[17]Saitou N,Nei M.The neighbor-joining method:a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.Mol Biol Evol,1987,4:406-425.
[18]徐豹,庄炳昌,路琴华,王玉民,胡传璞,梁歧,郑惠玉,吕景良.中国野生大豆(G.soja)脂肪及其脂肪酸组成的研究.吉林农业科学,1993,(2):1-6.Xu B,Zhuang B C,Lu Q H,Wang Y M,Hu C P,Liang Q,Zheng H Y,Lyu J L.A study of fat content and fatty acid composition of wild soybean(G.soja)in China.Jilin J Agric Sci,1993,(2):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]王连铮,吴和礼,姚振纯,林红.黑龙江省野生大豆的考察和研究.植物研究,1983,3(3):116-130.Wang L Z,Wu H L,Yao Z C,Lin H.Investigation and research of the wild soybean in Heilongjiang province.Bull Bot Res,1983,3(3):116-130(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]姚利坡.野生大豆与栽培大豆遗传关系研究.河北师范大学硕士学位论文,河北石家庄,2009.Yao L P.Studies on the Genetic Relationship between G.soja and G.max.MS Thesis of Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei,China,2009(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]赵洪锟,王玉民,李启云,张明,庄炳昌.中国不同纬度野生大豆和栽培大豆SSR分析.大豆科学,2001,20:172-720.Zhao H K,Wang Y M,Li Q Y,Zhang M,Zhuang B C.SSRanalysis of wild soybean(G.soja)and cultivated soybean from different latitude in China.Soybean Sci,2001,20:172-176(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]王金陵.大豆的进化与其分类栽培及育种的关系.中国农业科学,1962,3(1):11-15.Wang J L.The evolution of soybean and its relationship with cultivating and breeding.Sci Agric Sin,1962,3(1):11-15(in Chinese).
[23]Han Y P,Zhao X,Liu D Y,Li Y H,Lightfoot D A,Yang Z J,Zhao L,Zhou G,Wang Z K,Huang L,Zhang Z W,Qiu L J,Zheng H K,Li W B.Domestication footprints anchor genomic regions of agronomic importance in soybeans.New Phytol,2016,209:871-884.
[24]宋万坤,于妍,高运来,姜威,刘春燕,孙殿君,陈庆山,胡国华.大豆饱和脂肪酸组分改良研究进展.生物技术通报,2008,(增刊1):18-21.Song W K,Yu Y,Gao Y L,Jiang W,Liu C Y,Sun D J,Chen Q S,Hu G H.Genetic modification of saturated fatty acid composition of soybean.Biotechnol Bull,2008,(suppl-1):18-21(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]吴俏槿,杜冰,蔡尤林,梁钻好,林志光,邱国亮,董立军.?-亚麻酸的生理功能及开发研究进展.食品工业科技,2016,37(10):386-390.Wu Q J,Du B,Cai Y L,Liang Z H,Lin Z G,Qiu G L,Dong L J.Research development of alpha-linolenic acid.Sci Tech Food Ind,2016,37(10):386-390(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]吕景良,邵荣春,吴百灵,梁岐,吴桂荣.东北地区大豆品种资源脂肪酸组成的分析研究.作物学报,1990,16:349-356.Lyu J L,Shao R C,Wu B L,Liang Q,Wu G R.Studies on the fatty acid composition of soybean germplasm resources in northeast China.Acta Agron Sin,1990,16:349-356(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]Thelen J J,Ohlrogge J B.Metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants.Metab Eng,2002,4:12-21.
[4]李志香,沈翠平.多不饱和脂肪酸对人体的作用.生物学通报,1998,33(1):9-10.Li Z X,Shen C P.The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the human health.Bull Biol,1998,33(1):9-10(in Chinese).
[5]Willett W C,Stampfer M J,Manson J E,Hu F B,Oh K.Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.NEngl J Med,1997,337:1491-1499.
[6]Mounts T L,Warner K,List G R,Kleiman R,Fehr E G,Hammond E G,Wilcox J R.Effect of altered fatty acid composition on soybean oil stability.J Am Oil Chem Soc,1988,65:624-628.
[7]Judd J T,Clevidence B A,Muesing R A,Wittes J,Sunkin M E,Podczasy J J.Dietary trans fatty acids:effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of healthy men and women.Am J Clin Nutr,1994,59:861-868.
[8]Krisetherton P M.Trans-fats and coronary heart disease.Crit Rev Food Sci,2010,50:29-30.
[9]李福山.中国野生大豆资源的地理分布及生态分化研究.中国农业科学,1993,26(2):47-55.Li F S.Studies on the ecological and geographical distribution of the Chinese resources of wild soybean(Glycine soya).Sci Agric Sin,1993,26(2):47-55(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]Zhao H K,Zhuang B C,Wang Y M,Li Q J.AFLP analysis of wild(G.soja)and cultivated soybean(G.max)in China.Chin High Technol Lett,2000,10:32-35.
[11]吴晓雷,贺超英,陈受宜,庄炳昌,王克晶,王学臣.用SSR分子标记研究大豆属种间亲缘进化关系.遗传学报,2001,28:359-366.Wu X L,He C Y,Chen S Y,Zhuang B C,Wang K J,Wang X C.Phylogenetic analysis of interspecies in genus.Glycine through SSR markers.J Genet Genomics,2001,28:359-366(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]Zhou Z K,Jiang Y,Wang Z,Gou Z H,Lyu J,Li W Y,Yu Y J,Shu L P,Zhao Y J,Ma Y M,Fang C,Shen Y T,Liu T F,Li C C,Li Q,Wu M,Wang M,Wu Y S,Dong Y,Wan W T,Wang X,Ding Z L,Gao Y D,Xiang H,Zhu B G,Lee S H,Wang W,Tian Z X.Resequencing 302 wild and cultivated accessions identifies genes related to domestication and improvement in soybean.Nat Biotechnol,2015,4:408-414.
[13]王彪,常汝镇,陶莉,关荣霞,闫丽,张明恢,冯忠孚,邱丽娟.分析中国栽培大豆遗传多样性所需SSR引物的数目.分子植物育种,2003,1:82-88.Wang B,Chang R Z,Tao L,Guan R X,Yan L,Zhang M H,Feng Z F,Qiu L J.Identification of SSR primer numbers for analyzing genetic diversity of Chinese soybean cultivated soybean.Mol Plant Breed,2003,1:82-88(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]范胜栩,李斌,孙君明,韩粉霞,闫淑荣,王岚,王连铮.气相色谱方法定量检测大豆5种脂肪酸.中国油料作物学报,2015,37:548-553.Fan S X,Li B,Sun J M,Han F X,Yan S R,Wang L,Wang L Z.Aquantitative gas chromatographic method for determination of soybean seed fatty acid components.Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2015,37:548-553(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]Ma L,Li B,Han F X,Yan S R,Wang L Z,Sun J M.Evaluation of the chemical quality traits of soybean seeds,as related to sensory attributes of soymilk.Food Chem,2015,173:694-701.
[16]Mc Quitty L L.Similarity analysis by reciprocal pairs for discrete and continuous data.Educa Psychol Measure,1996,26:825-831.
[17]Saitou N,Nei M.The neighbor-joining method:a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.Mol Biol Evol,1987,4:406-425.
[18]徐豹,庄炳昌,路琴华,王玉民,胡传璞,梁歧,郑惠玉,吕景良.中国野生大豆(G.soja)脂肪及其脂肪酸组成的研究.吉林农业科学,1993,(2):1-6.Xu B,Zhuang B C,Lu Q H,Wang Y M,Hu C P,Liang Q,Zheng H Y,Lyu J L.A study of fat content and fatty acid composition of wild soybean(G.soja)in China.Jilin J Agric Sci,1993,(2):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]王连铮,吴和礼,姚振纯,林红.黑龙江省野生大豆的考察和研究.植物研究,1983,3(3):116-130.Wang L Z,Wu H L,Yao Z C,Lin H.Investigation and research of the wild soybean in Heilongjiang province.Bull Bot Res,1983,3(3):116-130(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]姚利坡.野生大豆与栽培大豆遗传关系研究.河北师范大学硕士学位论文,河北石家庄,2009.Yao L P.Studies on the Genetic Relationship between G.soja and G.max.MS Thesis of Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei,China,2009(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]赵洪锟,王玉民,李启云,张明,庄炳昌.中国不同纬度野生大豆和栽培大豆SSR分析.大豆科学,2001,20:172-720.Zhao H K,Wang Y M,Li Q Y,Zhang M,Zhuang B C.SSRanalysis of wild soybean(G.soja)and cultivated soybean from different latitude in China.Soybean Sci,2001,20:172-176(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]王金陵.大豆的进化与其分类栽培及育种的关系.中国农业科学,1962,3(1):11-15.Wang J L.The evolution of soybean and its relationship with cultivating and breeding.Sci Agric Sin,1962,3(1):11-15(in Chinese).
[23]Han Y P,Zhao X,Liu D Y,Li Y H,Lightfoot D A,Yang Z J,Zhao L,Zhou G,Wang Z K,Huang L,Zhang Z W,Qiu L J,Zheng H K,Li W B.Domestication footprints anchor genomic regions of agronomic importance in soybeans.New Phytol,2016,209:871-884.
[24]宋万坤,于妍,高运来,姜威,刘春燕,孙殿君,陈庆山,胡国华.大豆饱和脂肪酸组分改良研究进展.生物技术通报,2008,(增刊1):18-21.Song W K,Yu Y,Gao Y L,Jiang W,Liu C Y,Sun D J,Chen Q S,Hu G H.Genetic modification of saturated fatty acid composition of soybean.Biotechnol Bull,2008,(suppl-1):18-21(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]吴俏槿,杜冰,蔡尤林,梁钻好,林志光,邱国亮,董立军.?-亚麻酸的生理功能及开发研究进展.食品工业科技,2016,37(10):386-390.Wu Q J,Du B,Cai Y L,Liang Z H,Lin Z G,Qiu G L,Dong L J.Research development of alpha-linolenic acid.Sci Tech Food Ind,2016,37(10):386-390(in Chinese with English abstract).