农牧交错带半干旱草地生态系统土壤呼吸对短期不同放牧强度的响应
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摘要
放牧对生态脆弱区的半干旱草地生态系统的群落结构以及生产力的改变更加敏感。通过研究土壤呼吸各组分在不同放牧强度下的变化,得到最适宜的放牧强度的固碳效应。本研究以位于山西省右玉县农牧交错带的半干旱草地生态系统为研究对象,探究短期不同放牧强度对土壤呼吸的影响。2017-2018年每年5月开始进行不同强度的放牧实验,共设置了4个放牧强度:不放牧(对照)、轻度放牧、中度放牧和重度放牧(分别表示为G0_,G_1,G_2和G_3)。采用静态箱法测定不同处理的土壤总呼吸(Soil total respiration,SR_(tot))和土壤异养呼吸(Soil heterotrophic respiration,SR_h),同时监测10cm表层土壤温度和含水量。实验结果表明:短期不同放牧强度对农牧交错带半干旱草地SR_(tot)、SR_h和土壤自养呼吸(Soil autotrophic respiration,SR_a)在生长季均呈单峰型变化趋势,各放牧强度均使SR_(tot)和SR_h有所降低。土壤温度(10cm)与SR_(tot)和SR_h呈显著正相关(r~2>0.1,P<0.05)。
Grazing is more sensitive to the change of community structure and productivity of semi-arid grassland ecosystem in fragile ecological areas.The carbon sequestration effect of the most suitable grazing intensity was obtained by studying the changes of soil respiration components under different grazing intensities.In this study,the semi-arid grassland ecosystem located in the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry in Youyu County,Shanxi Province,was taken as the research object.To explore the effects of different grazing intensities on soil respiration in semi-arid grassland ecosystem in a short period of time,grazing experiments with different intensities began in May 2017 and 2018.There were 4 grazing intensities,ungrazing(control),light grazing,moderate grazing and heavy grazing(expressed as G_0,G_1,G_2 and G_3,respectively).The soil total respiration(SR_(tot))and soil heterotrophic respiration(SR_h)under different treatments were measured by static box method.The temperature and water content of 10 cm surface soil was monitored at the same time.The results showed that the seasonal dynamics of SR_(tot),SR_hand Soil autotrophic respiration(SR_a)in semi-arid grassland in the agricultural and pastoral ecotone showed a single peak variation trend with different grazing intensities,and all grazing intensities reduced SR_(tot) and SR_h.The soil temperature(10 cm)was positively correlated with SR_(tot) and SR_h(r~2> 0.1,P <0.05).
Grazing is more sensitive to the change of community structure and productivity of semi-arid grassland ecosystem in fragile ecological areas.The carbon sequestration effect of the most suitable grazing intensity was obtained by studying the changes of soil respiration components under different grazing intensities.In this study,the semi-arid grassland ecosystem located in the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry in Youyu County,Shanxi Province,was taken as the research object.To explore the effects of different grazing intensities on soil respiration in semi-arid grassland ecosystem in a short period of time,grazing experiments with different intensities began in May 2017 and 2018.There were 4 grazing intensities,ungrazing(control),light grazing,moderate grazing and heavy grazing(expressed as G_0,G_1,G_2 and G_3,respectively).The soil total respiration(SR_(tot))and soil heterotrophic respiration(SR_h)under different treatments were measured by static box method.The temperature and water content of 10 cm surface soil was monitored at the same time.The results showed that the seasonal dynamics of SR_(tot),SR_hand Soil autotrophic respiration(SR_a)in semi-arid grassland in the agricultural and pastoral ecotone showed a single peak variation trend with different grazing intensities,and all grazing intensities reduced SR_(tot) and SR_h.The soil temperature(10 cm)was positively correlated with SR_(tot) and SR_h(r~2> 0.1,P <0.05).
引文
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[13]Bond-Lamberty B,Thomson A.Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record[J].Nature,2010,464(7288):579-582
[14]Fang C,Li F,Pei J,et al.Impacts of warming and nitrogen addition on soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a semi-arid environment[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2017,248:449-457
[15]周萍,刘国彬,薛萐.草地生态系统土壤呼吸及其影响因素研究进展[J].草业学报,2009,18(2):184-193
[16]易志刚,蚁伟民,周丽霞.土壤各组分呼吸区分方法研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(2):65-69
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[21]宇万太,马强,沈善敏,等.下辽河平原不同生态系统土壤呼吸动态变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(1):122-129
[22]崔骁勇,陈佐忠,陈四清.草地土壤呼吸研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):315-325
[23]文海燕.氮沉降对黄土高原典型草原碳过程的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013
[24]Peng Y F,Li F,Zhou G Y,et al.Linkages of plant stoichiometry to ecosystem production and carbon fluxes with increasing nitrogen inputs in an alpine steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2017,23(12)
[25]孙殿超,李玉霖,赵学勇,等.围封和放牧对科尔沁沙质草地净生态系统碳交换量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):93-102
[26]张新杰.短花针茅荒漠草原生态系统碳交换对不同载畜率的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015
[27]严文超,孙庚,张春波,等.模拟增温和中度放牧对青藏高原东部高寒草甸生态系统净碳交换及组分的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018(1):1-12
[28]Davidson E A,Verchot L V,Cattanio J H,et al.Effect s of soil water content on soil respiration inforests and cattle pastures of eastern Amazonia[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,48:53-69
[29]Risser P G,Birney E C,Blocker H D,et al.The true prairie ecosystem[M].Stroudsburg,Pennsylvania:Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company,1981.244-246
[30]Cao G M,Tang Y H,Mo W H,et al.Grazing intensity alterssoil respiration in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36(2):237-243
[31]杨阳,韩国栋,李元恒,等.内蒙古不同草原类型土壤呼吸对放牧强度及水热因子的响应[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):8-14
[32]王旭,闫瑞瑞,邓钰,等.放牧对呼伦贝尔草甸草原土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(05):1909-1914
[33]李玉强,赵哈林,赵学勇,等.不同强度放牧后自然恢复的沙质草地土壤呼吸、碳平衡与碳储量[J].草业学报,2006,15(5):25-31
[34]Yan L,Chen S,Huang J,et al.Differential responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration to water and nitrogen addition in a semiarid temperate steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(8):2345-2357
[35]Li D,Zhou X,Wu L,et al.Contrasting responses of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration to experimental warming in a winter annual-dominated prairie.[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19(11):3553-3564
[36]Zhou X H,Wan S Q,Luo Y Q.Source components and interannual variability of soil CO2efflux under experimental warming and clipping in a grassland ecosystem[J].Global Change Biology,2005,13(4):761-775
[37]Zhang B W,Li S,Chen S P,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate soil respiration and its response to precipitation change in a semiarid steppe[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6,19990
[38]Fang C,Monerieff J B.The dependence of soil CO2efflux on temperature[J].Soil Biology&Bioehemistry,2001,33(2):155-165
[39]阿斯嘎,高丽,朴顺姬,等.库布齐沙地土壤呼吸及其影响因素分析[J].草业科学,2009,26(9):99-104
[2]IPCC.Summary for Policymarkers/Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.In:Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2013:20-107
[3]朱玲玲,戎郁萍,王伟光,等.放牧对草地生态系统CO2净气体交换影响研究概述[J].草地学报,2013,21(1):3-10
[4]Kotzé,E.,Sandhage-Hofmann,et al.Rangeland management impacts on the properties of clayey soils along grazing gradients in the semi-arid grassland biome of South Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2013,97:220-229
[5]侯向阳,徐海红.不同放牧制度下短花针茅荒漠草原碳平衡研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010,44(6):50-57
[6]Zhou X H,Wan S Q,Luo Y Q.Source components and interannual variability of soil CO2efflux under experimental warming and clipping in a grassland ecosystem[J].Global Change Biology,2007,13(4):761-775
[7]贾丙瑞,周广胜,王风玉,等.放牧与围栏羊草草原土壤呼吸作用及其影响因子[J].环境科学,2005,26(6):1-7
[8]邓钰,柳小妮,闫瑞瑞,等.呼伦贝尔草甸草原土壤呼吸及其影响因子对不同放牧强度的响应[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):22-29
[9]中华人民共和国农业部.关于北方农牧交错带农业结构调整的指导意见[EB/OL].,http://jiuban.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/tzgg/tz/201611/t20161130_5383030.htm,2016-11-30
[10]梁艳,干珠扎布,张伟娜,等.气候变化对中国草原生态系统影响研究综述[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(2):1-8
[11]赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会.我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化的成因、过程和防治对策[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(sl):23-29.
[12]赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会,等.北方农牧交错带的地理界定及其生态问题[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(5):739-748
[13]Bond-Lamberty B,Thomson A.Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record[J].Nature,2010,464(7288):579-582
[14]Fang C,Li F,Pei J,et al.Impacts of warming and nitrogen addition on soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a semi-arid environment[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2017,248:449-457
[15]周萍,刘国彬,薛萐.草地生态系统土壤呼吸及其影响因素研究进展[J].草业学报,2009,18(2):184-193
[16]易志刚,蚁伟民,周丽霞.土壤各组分呼吸区分方法研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(2):65-69
[17]李凌浩,陈佐忠.草地群落的土壤呼吸[J].生态学杂志,1998(4):46-52
[18]Hanson P J,Edwards N T,Garten C T,et al.Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration:A review of methods and observations[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,48:115-146
[19]Kuzyakov Y.Sources of CO2efflux from soil and review of partitioning methods[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38(3):425-448
[20]Subke J A,Inglima I,Francesca C M.Trends and methodological impacts in soil CO2efflux partitioning:a metaanalytical review[J].Global Change Biology,2010,12(6),921-943
[21]宇万太,马强,沈善敏,等.下辽河平原不同生态系统土壤呼吸动态变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(1):122-129
[22]崔骁勇,陈佐忠,陈四清.草地土壤呼吸研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):315-325
[23]文海燕.氮沉降对黄土高原典型草原碳过程的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013
[24]Peng Y F,Li F,Zhou G Y,et al.Linkages of plant stoichiometry to ecosystem production and carbon fluxes with increasing nitrogen inputs in an alpine steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2017,23(12)
[25]孙殿超,李玉霖,赵学勇,等.围封和放牧对科尔沁沙质草地净生态系统碳交换量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):93-102
[26]张新杰.短花针茅荒漠草原生态系统碳交换对不同载畜率的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015
[27]严文超,孙庚,张春波,等.模拟增温和中度放牧对青藏高原东部高寒草甸生态系统净碳交换及组分的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018(1):1-12
[28]Davidson E A,Verchot L V,Cattanio J H,et al.Effect s of soil water content on soil respiration inforests and cattle pastures of eastern Amazonia[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,48:53-69
[29]Risser P G,Birney E C,Blocker H D,et al.The true prairie ecosystem[M].Stroudsburg,Pennsylvania:Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company,1981.244-246
[30]Cao G M,Tang Y H,Mo W H,et al.Grazing intensity alterssoil respiration in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36(2):237-243
[31]杨阳,韩国栋,李元恒,等.内蒙古不同草原类型土壤呼吸对放牧强度及水热因子的响应[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):8-14
[32]王旭,闫瑞瑞,邓钰,等.放牧对呼伦贝尔草甸草原土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(05):1909-1914
[33]李玉强,赵哈林,赵学勇,等.不同强度放牧后自然恢复的沙质草地土壤呼吸、碳平衡与碳储量[J].草业学报,2006,15(5):25-31
[34]Yan L,Chen S,Huang J,et al.Differential responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration to water and nitrogen addition in a semiarid temperate steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(8):2345-2357
[35]Li D,Zhou X,Wu L,et al.Contrasting responses of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration to experimental warming in a winter annual-dominated prairie.[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19(11):3553-3564
[36]Zhou X H,Wan S Q,Luo Y Q.Source components and interannual variability of soil CO2efflux under experimental warming and clipping in a grassland ecosystem[J].Global Change Biology,2005,13(4):761-775
[37]Zhang B W,Li S,Chen S P,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate soil respiration and its response to precipitation change in a semiarid steppe[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6,19990
[38]Fang C,Monerieff J B.The dependence of soil CO2efflux on temperature[J].Soil Biology&Bioehemistry,2001,33(2):155-165
[39]阿斯嘎,高丽,朴顺姬,等.库布齐沙地土壤呼吸及其影响因素分析[J].草业科学,2009,26(9):99-104