“小儿纯阳说”考辨
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摘要
为正确理解运用小儿生理特点及其调治原则,对"纯阳"从辞源学和道教原旨进行考辨。辞源学上,"纯"与"阳"都有本义和引申义,前者既有细微也有纯粹、强大意,后者既有火热也有快速、活动意。道教内丹术中,"纯阳"有三重含义,即划分仙界的标志、先天阴阳的统称、未破身状态,但非盛阳和纯粹之阳。"小儿纯阳说"语出《颅囟经》,确实受到道教影响。后世医家将纯阳等同盛阳观点是对"纯"与"阳"本义和引申义的混淆和对道教纯阳说的误解。道教纯阳说兼具稚阳和生机旺盛两义,受道教影响,小儿纯阳说也应兼具二义。
In order to properly understand the physiological characteristics of children and apply principles of recuperative medical care,chun-yangis textually studied from etymology and the original intention of Taoism.Etymologically,both chun and yang have their original meaning and derived meanings.Chun involves tiny,pure and powerful meanings,while yang is about ferventness,quickness and activity.In Taoist internal elixir,chun-yang has 3 meanings,including the boundary between fairyland and earth,congenital yin and yang,and virginity.However,chun-yang is not powerful yang or pure yang.Children's chun-yangis firstly seen in Luxin Jing,which is indeed influenced by Taoism.The view of chun-yang equaling to powerful yang conflates the original and derived meanings of chun and yang,which is also a misunderstanding of Taoist chun-yang.There are two aspects of chun-yang theory in Taoism:jeune yang and energetic yang.In this regard,children's chun-yang should also have the dual meanings.
In order to properly understand the physiological characteristics of children and apply principles of recuperative medical care,chun-yangis textually studied from etymology and the original intention of Taoism.Etymologically,both chun and yang have their original meaning and derived meanings.Chun involves tiny,pure and powerful meanings,while yang is about ferventness,quickness and activity.In Taoist internal elixir,chun-yang has 3 meanings,including the boundary between fairyland and earth,congenital yin and yang,and virginity.However,chun-yang is not powerful yang or pure yang.Children's chun-yangis firstly seen in Luxin Jing,which is indeed influenced by Taoism.The view of chun-yang equaling to powerful yang conflates the original and derived meanings of chun and yang,which is also a misunderstanding of Taoist chun-yang.There are two aspects of chun-yang theory in Taoism:jeune yang and energetic yang.In this regard,children's chun-yang should also have the dual meanings.
引文
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[2]苏树蓉.中医儿科学(全国高等医药教材建设研究会规划教材)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:8.Su SR.Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2003:8.
[3]马融,许华.中医儿科学(国家卫生和计划生育委员会“十二五”规划教材)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015:23.Ma R,Xu H.Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2015:23.
[4]韩新民,熊磊.中医儿科学(国家卫生和计划生育委员会“十三五”规划教材)[M].3版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:25.Han XM,Xiong L.Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine[M].3rd ed.Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2016:25.
[5]秦艳虹.中医儿科学(全国中医药行业高等职业教育“十二五”规划教材)[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2016:15.Qin YH.Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine[M].Beijing:China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2016:15.
[6]吴瑭.温病条辨[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1963:191-192.Wu T.Wenbing Tiaobian[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,1963:191-192.
[7]魏征.隋书[M].北京:中华书局,1973:402.Wei Z.Sui Shu[M].Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1973:402.
[8]房玄龄.晋书[M].北京:中华书局,1974:1904.Fang XL.Jin Shu[M].Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1974:1904.
[9]陈禧.“纯阳”之体及其儿科临床意义[J].中医儿科杂志,2010,6(2):1-2.Chen X.“Chun-yang”constitution and its clinical significance in pediatrics[J].Journal of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2010,6(2):1-2.
[10]郑玄.毛诗正义[M]//阮元.十三经注疏.北京:中华书局,1980:604.Zheng X.Maoshi Zhengyi[M]//Ruan Y.Shisanjing Zhushu.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1980:604.
[11]宋国绪.从内丹修炼理论看小儿纯阳之体[J].辽宁中医杂志,1998,25(8):349.Song GX.An understanding of chun-yang constitution based on inner alchemy theory[J].Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1998,25(8):349.
[12]张广保.唐宋内丹道教[M]//汤一介,陈鼓应.道家文化研究丛书.上海:上海文化出版社,2001:69-70.Zhang GB.Tang Song Neidan Daojiao[M]//Tang YJ,Chen GY.Series of Taoism Culture.Shanghai:Shanghai Cultural Publishing House,2001:69-70.
[13]施肩吾.钟吕传道集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1989.Shi JW.Zhong Lyu's Missionary Collection[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1989.
[14]吴筠.玄纲论[M]//《道藏》:第23册.北京:文物出版社,1988:675.Wu Y.Xuan Gang Lun[M]//Collection of Taoist Scriptures(23rd Vol.).Beijing:Cultural Relics Publishing House,1988:675.
[15]罗介远,叶法善.真龙虎九仙经[M]//《道藏》:第4册.北京:文物出版社,1988:319.Luo JY,Ye FS.Zhenlonghu Jiuxian Jing[M]//Collection of Taoist Scriptures(4th Vol.).Beijing:Cultural Relics Publishing House,1988:319.
[16]戈国龙.道教内丹学探微(儒释道博士论文丛书)[M].成都:巴蜀书社,2001:165.Ge GL.A study on Taoist Inner Alchemy[M].Chengdu:Bashu Publishing House,2001:165.
[17]丹经极论[M]//洪丕谟.道藏气功要集.上海:上海书店,1991.Danjing Jilun[M]//Hong PM.Taoist Qigong Collection.Shanghai:Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House,1991.
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[19]刘一明.道书十二种[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1990:472.Liu YM.Twelve Kinds of Taoist Books[M].Beijing:China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1990:472.
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[21]武冲虚.内炼金丹心法[M]//徐兆仁.金丹集成(东方修道文库).北京:中国人民大学出版社,1988.Wu CX.Neilian Jindan Xinfa[M]//Xu ZR.Alchemy Collection.Beijing:Renmin University Press,1988.
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[23]伍守阳,柳华阳.伍柳仙宗[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1987.Wu SY,Liu HY.Wuliu Xianzong[M].Zhengzhou:Henan People's Publishing House,1987.
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[29]陈文中.小儿病源方论[M].林慧光,校.北京:中国中医药出版社,2015:6.Chen WZ.Xiao'er Bingyuan Fanglun[M].Lin HG,ed.Beijing:China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2015:6.
[30]万全.育婴家秘[M]//傅沛藩.万密斋医学全书.北京:中国中医药出版社,1999:483.Wan Q.Yuying Jiami[M]//Fu PF.Medical Pandect of Wanmizhai.Beijing:China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1999:483.
[31]叶桂.幼科要略[M]//周仲英,于文明.中医古籍珍本集成(续).长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2014:15.Ye G.Youke Yaolue[M]//Zhou ZY,Yu WM.Integration of Precious Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press,2014:15.
[32]徐灵胎.医学源流论[M]//梁宝祥,林强,刘厚,等.徐灵胎医学全书.太原:山西科学技术出版社,2014,5:116.Xu LT.Yixue Yuanliu Lun[M]//Liang BX,Lin Q,Liu H,et al.Medical Pandect of Xu Lingtai.Taiyuan:Shanxi Science and Technology Press,2014,5:116.
[33]殷明.小儿纯阳之体考辨[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2016,14(13):49-51.Yin M.Textual criticism and discriminate of pure yang[J].Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China,2016,14(13):49-51.