基肥类型及配比对沙地种植紫花苜蓿生产力和品质的影响
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摘要
本研究评估了不同基肥类型(尿素、磷酸二铵或美可辛、红钾或晶体钾肥)及配比(NPK配比12-17-18,10-20-24,不施肥CK和仅施N肥TN)对沙地土壤种植紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)的生长状况、生产力和品质的影响,旨在探索苜蓿沙地栽培的最佳基肥配方。结果表明14和15年单株根系干重在NPK配比为10-20-24且用晶体钾时表现最好,分别较CK显著增高161.16%和77.93%。不同的施肥类型及配比之间的产量干重变化在832.95～1 663.5kg·hm~(-2)。次年生物量在NPK配比10-20-24且用晶体钾时表现最好,干产重较CK显著增高29.61%。相对CK,基肥能提高苜蓿中的粗蛋白含量,但在NPK的各配比处理间,粗蛋白含量无显著性差异。NDF和ADF在TN处理中最低为37.02%和24.20%。试验结果表明在沙地种植苜蓿较好的基肥施肥配比是NPK配比为10-20-24且钾肥最好选用可溶性更高的晶体钾。
The objective of this study was to find optimum ratio of base fertilizer for alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)cultivation in sandy soil through evaluating the effects of different fertilizer types(Urea,DAP or MESZ,Red or Crystal potassium)and ratios(NPK ratio 12-17-18,10-20-24,no fertilizer-CK,only nitrogenTN)on alfalfa productivity and quality.The results showed that 10-20-24 N-P-K ratio(applying crystal potassium)had the greatest single-plant root biomass.The dry weight of root was 161.16%and 77.93%greater than CK.Different fertilizer types and ratios ranged 832.95-1663.5 kg·hm~(-2) for dry weight,respectively.However,10-20-24 N-P-K ratio(applying crystal potassium)had the greatest biomass in the next year.The dry weight of biomass was and 29.61% greater than CK.Crude protein had no significant difference among fertilizer treatments,but they all were slightly greater than CK.NDF and ADF were the lowest at TN treatment,were 37.02% and 24.20%,respectively.The results indicated that the optimum ratio of base fertilizer for alfalfa cultivation in sandy soil was 10-20-24 NPK with crystal potassium.
The objective of this study was to find optimum ratio of base fertilizer for alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)cultivation in sandy soil through evaluating the effects of different fertilizer types(Urea,DAP or MESZ,Red or Crystal potassium)and ratios(NPK ratio 12-17-18,10-20-24,no fertilizer-CK,only nitrogenTN)on alfalfa productivity and quality.The results showed that 10-20-24 N-P-K ratio(applying crystal potassium)had the greatest single-plant root biomass.The dry weight of root was 161.16%and 77.93%greater than CK.Different fertilizer types and ratios ranged 832.95-1663.5 kg·hm~(-2) for dry weight,respectively.However,10-20-24 N-P-K ratio(applying crystal potassium)had the greatest biomass in the next year.The dry weight of biomass was and 29.61% greater than CK.Crude protein had no significant difference among fertilizer treatments,but they all were slightly greater than CK.NDF and ADF were the lowest at TN treatment,were 37.02% and 24.20%,respectively.The results indicated that the optimum ratio of base fertilizer for alfalfa cultivation in sandy soil was 10-20-24 NPK with crystal potassium.
引文
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[13]肖向华.氮、磷、钾配比施肥对紫花苜蓿产量、品质及根瘤菌数量的影响[D].新疆:新疆农业大学,2016:33-34
[14]曾庆飞.施肥对紫花苜蓿生产性能和土壤肥力的影响研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2005:15-21
[15]万素梅.不同施肥水平苜蓿生产性能研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2004:22-25
[16]姜慧新,刘栋,翟桂玉,等.氮、磷、钾配合施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响[J].草业科学,2012(09):1441-1445
[17]霍星,吕志远,范志东,等.水肥耦合对毛乌素沙地紫花苜蓿生长与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013(02):111-115
[18]曲善民,孙旭东,杜广明,等.不同时期定量施肥对苜蓿生产性能的影响[J].当代畜牧,2009(10):50-52
[19]Ketterings Q M,Godwin G,Gami S,et al.Soil and Tissue Testing for Sulfur Management of Alfalfa in New York State[J].SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL,2012,76(1):298-306
[20]毕舒贻,曹婧,李跃,等.不同水肥组合对苜蓿品质的影响[J].草地学报,2018(01):105-113
[21]杜书增.3个苜蓿品种不同时期刈割对产量及营养价值的影响[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2014
[2]Gu Y,Han C,Fan J,et al.Alfalfa forage yield,soil water and P availability in response to plastic film mulch and P fertilization in a semiarid environment[J].FIELD CROPS RE-SEARCH,2018,215:94-103
[3]侯湃,刘自学,刘艺杉,等.北京平原区紫花苜蓿施肥组合试验[J].草业科学,2014,31(01):144-149
[4]Jia Y,Li F,Zhang Z,et al.Productivity and water use of alfalfa and subsequent crops in the semiarid Loess Plateau with different stand ages of alfalfa and crop sequences[J].FIELDCROPS RESEARCH,2009,114(1):58-65
[5]Jia Q,Kamran M,Ali S,et al.Deficit irrigation and fertilization strategies to improve soil quality and alfalfa yield in arid and semiarid areas of northern China[J].PEERJ,2018,6(e4410)
[6]李星月,米福贵,孟凯,等.施肥对土默特地区中苜2号干草产量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(02):26-32
[7]曾庆飞,贾志宽,韩清芳,等.施肥对苜蓿生产性能及品质影响的研究综述[J].草业科学,2005(07):8-15
[8]刘世亮,马闯,介晓磊,等.喷施硫酸锌对紫花苜蓿草产量和品质的影响[J].草原与草坪,2008(06):10-14
[9]Davis R L,Buker R J.PREDICTING YIELDS FROM ASSO-CIATED CHARACTERS IN MEDICAGO SATIVA L[J].CROP SCIENCE,1966,6(5):492
[10]蒙洋.不同施肥处理对苜蓿产量和品质的影响研究[D].河北:河北农业大学,2018:32-35
[11]谢勇.坝上地区紫花苜蓿施肥研究及其土壤养分丰缺指标体系的初步建立[D].四川:四川农业大学,2010:27-31
[12]赵云.不同施肥管理下苜蓿生产力响应及平衡施肥模型[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013:36-44
[13]肖向华.氮、磷、钾配比施肥对紫花苜蓿产量、品质及根瘤菌数量的影响[D].新疆:新疆农业大学,2016:33-34
[14]曾庆飞.施肥对紫花苜蓿生产性能和土壤肥力的影响研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2005:15-21
[15]万素梅.不同施肥水平苜蓿生产性能研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2004:22-25
[16]姜慧新,刘栋,翟桂玉,等.氮、磷、钾配合施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响[J].草业科学,2012(09):1441-1445
[17]霍星,吕志远,范志东,等.水肥耦合对毛乌素沙地紫花苜蓿生长与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013(02):111-115
[18]曲善民,孙旭东,杜广明,等.不同时期定量施肥对苜蓿生产性能的影响[J].当代畜牧,2009(10):50-52
[19]Ketterings Q M,Godwin G,Gami S,et al.Soil and Tissue Testing for Sulfur Management of Alfalfa in New York State[J].SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL,2012,76(1):298-306
[20]毕舒贻,曹婧,李跃,等.不同水肥组合对苜蓿品质的影响[J].草地学报,2018(01):105-113
[21]杜书增.3个苜蓿品种不同时期刈割对产量及营养价值的影响[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2014