不同菌材栽培天麻地土壤微生物和理化性状初析
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摘要
本文探讨了11种不同树种菌材栽培天麻后窑内土壤微生物组成、理化性状及其相关性,以期探明天麻种植中菌材种类与土壤微生物、土壤营养和结构之间的关联性。结果表明:11种菌材栽培天麻后,窑内土壤中三大类微生物数量结构均表现为细菌>放线菌>真菌。栽培窖中菌材为南酸枣的土壤所含细菌数量最高,达到11. 17×10~7 CFU·g~(-1);栽培窖中菌材为白栎的土壤所含放线菌数量最高,达到34. 29×106 CFU·g~(-1);栽培窖中菌材为白栎的土壤所含真菌数量最高,为8. 82×10~5 CFU·g~(-1)。栽培窑内土壤中B/F值最大为南酸枣147. 84;B/F值最小为白栎26. 85。土壤理化性状分析表明,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和速效氮含量均以野漆树作为菌材的栽培窖中土壤为最高;速效钾含量以油桐作为菌材的窖中土壤最高,速效磷含量以白栎作菌材的窖中土壤最高。土壤微生物和理化性状的相关性分析结果显示:土壤含水率和微生物总量呈显著正相关(P<0. 05);土壤中速效磷含量和放线菌数量呈极显著正相关(P<0. 01);土壤中速效钾和细菌数量呈显著正相关(P<0. 05);土壤中全氮含量和细菌数量呈显著负相关(P<0. 05)。基于栽培天麻后土壤的综合指标,可以将11种菌材聚为三类,其中油桐、南酸枣对土壤的影响明显不同于其它菌材。
In this article the soils from Armillaria mellea(Vahl)P.Kumm.-growing cellars with 11 kinds of wood materials for cultivating Gastrodia elata were studied to understand the microbial composition and physicochemical properties of each soil.The correlation among the four factors,wood materials for cultivating G.elata,soil microbial composition,soil nutrients and soil structure were also been analyzed.The results showed that the quantity and structure of the three categories of microorganisms in the soil were in the same trends:bacteria number>actinomycetes number>fungi number after the 11 kinds of wood materials were degraded by A.mellea which was symbiosis with G.elata.When the Choerospondias axillaris(Roxb.)Burtt et Hill.was used to cultivate G.elata,the amount of bacteria in the soil was the highest,reaching 11.17×10~7 CFU·g~(-1).When the Quercus fabri Hance was used to cultivate G.elata,the amount of actinomycetes in the soil was the highest,reaching 34.29×10~6 CFU·g~(-1).When the Q.fabri Hance was used to cultivate G.elata,the amount of fungus in the soil was the highest,reaching 8.82×10~5 CFU·g~(-1).When the C.axillaris.was used to cultivate G.elata,The maximum value of B/F was 147.84;When the Q.fabri was used to cultivate G.elata,the minimum value of B/F was 26.85.The results of soil physical and chemical properties analysis were as following:the content of organic matter,total P,total K,hydrolysable N and total N were the highest in the cultivating cellar with the Toxicodendron vernicifluum(Stokes)F.A.Barkl.as the A.mellea-growing material.The content of available K was the highest in the cultivating cellar with the Vernicia fordii(Hemsl.)Airy Shaw as A.mellea-growing material.The content of available P was highest in the cultivating cellar with the Quercus fabri as the wood material.Correlation analysis indicated that there were four significant correlations in the soil:there was a positive correlation between soil moisture content and microbial biomass(P<0.05),a significant positive correlation between available P content and soil actinomycetes amount(P<0.01),a positive correlation between soil available K content and soil bacterial amount(P<0.05),and a negative correlation between total N content and soil bacterial amount(P<0.05).Based on the comprehensive effect of G.elata cultivating on soil,11 kinds of wood materials can be classified into three types except Vernicia fordii and Choerospondias axillari.
In this article the soils from Armillaria mellea(Vahl)P.Kumm.-growing cellars with 11 kinds of wood materials for cultivating Gastrodia elata were studied to understand the microbial composition and physicochemical properties of each soil.The correlation among the four factors,wood materials for cultivating G.elata,soil microbial composition,soil nutrients and soil structure were also been analyzed.The results showed that the quantity and structure of the three categories of microorganisms in the soil were in the same trends:bacteria number>actinomycetes number>fungi number after the 11 kinds of wood materials were degraded by A.mellea which was symbiosis with G.elata.When the Choerospondias axillaris(Roxb.)Burtt et Hill.was used to cultivate G.elata,the amount of bacteria in the soil was the highest,reaching 11.17×10~7 CFU·g~(-1).When the Quercus fabri Hance was used to cultivate G.elata,the amount of actinomycetes in the soil was the highest,reaching 34.29×10~6 CFU·g~(-1).When the Q.fabri Hance was used to cultivate G.elata,the amount of fungus in the soil was the highest,reaching 8.82×10~5 CFU·g~(-1).When the C.axillaris.was used to cultivate G.elata,The maximum value of B/F was 147.84;When the Q.fabri was used to cultivate G.elata,the minimum value of B/F was 26.85.The results of soil physical and chemical properties analysis were as following:the content of organic matter,total P,total K,hydrolysable N and total N were the highest in the cultivating cellar with the Toxicodendron vernicifluum(Stokes)F.A.Barkl.as the A.mellea-growing material.The content of available K was the highest in the cultivating cellar with the Vernicia fordii(Hemsl.)Airy Shaw as A.mellea-growing material.The content of available P was highest in the cultivating cellar with the Quercus fabri as the wood material.Correlation analysis indicated that there were four significant correlations in the soil:there was a positive correlation between soil moisture content and microbial biomass(P<0.05),a significant positive correlation between available P content and soil actinomycetes amount(P<0.01),a positive correlation between soil available K content and soil bacterial amount(P<0.05),and a negative correlation between total N content and soil bacterial amount(P<0.05).Based on the comprehensive effect of G.elata cultivating on soil,11 kinds of wood materials can be classified into three types except Vernicia fordii and Choerospondias axillari.
引文
[1]徐锦堂.我国天麻栽培50年研究历史的回顾[J].食药用菌,2013,21(1):58-63.
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[3]邹宁,吕剑涛,薛仁余,等.天麻素对小鼠的镇静催眠作用[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(4):807-809.
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[13]赵萌,方晰,田大伦.第2代杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量与土壤因子的关系[J].林业科学,2007,43(6):8-12.
[14]曹志平,李德鹏,韩雪梅.土壤食物网中的真菌/细菌比率及测定方法[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4741-4748.
[15]田孟华,王家金,张公信,等.云南昭通天麻不同产区土壤雷利特征与评价[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(11):2653-2659.
[16]刘江,徐先英,张荣娟,等.不同退化程度人工梭梭林对土壤理化性质与生物学特性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(12):1-12.
[17]周铉.天麻生活史[J].云南植物研究,1981,3(2):197-202.
[18]徐锦堂,牟春.天麻原球茎生长发育与紫箕小菇及蜜环菌的关系[J].植物学报,1990,32(1):26-31.
[19]徐锦堂,范黎.天麻种子/原球茎和营养繁殖茎被菌根真菌定殖后的细胞分化[J].植物学报,2001,43(10):1003-1010.
[20]袁崇文.中国天麻[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版,2002:13-19.
[21]张洁,秦俊哲,张大为.菌材及土壤条件对天麻有效成分的影响[J].食用菌,2009(1)63-65.
[22]徐锦堂.中国天麻栽培学[M].北京:北京医科大学出版社,1993:45-60.
[23]郑亚玉,王文佳,韩洁,等.天麻生长地土壤生态因子与天麻素含量相关性的研究[J].中华中医药杂志,2010,25(4):527-530.
[24]李梁,张艺,成群芝.中药天麻产区生态环境分析与评价[J].中药研究与信息,2004,6(6):14-16.
[25]田孟华,王家金,张公信,等.云南昭通天麻不同产区土壤肥力特征与评价[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(11):2653-2655.
[26]田维毅,库尔马汉,王文佳,等.天麻生长地土壤微生物群落的初步分析[J].中国生态学杂志,2009,21(3):220-223.
[27]夏志超,孔捶华,王朋,等.杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2135-2140.
[2]李时珍.本草纲目[M].北京:华文出版社,2009:71.
[3]邹宁,吕剑涛,薛仁余,等.天麻素对小鼠的镇静催眠作用[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(4):807-809.
[4]顾雅君,张瑞英,温秀荣,等.天麻的化学成分和药理作用[J].食药用菌,2014,22(2):84-85.
[5]徐锦堂.中国天麻栽培学[M].北京:北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1993.
[6]李前卫,罗夫来,李婷,等.天麻代料栽培人工木棒原料配比及其性能研究[J].贵州科学,2017,35(3):22-25.
[7]容丽华,蔡传涛.不同菌材对天麻(Gastrodia elata)产量的影响[J].武汉植物学研究,2010,28(6):761-766.
[8]杨志兵,陈代雄,陈京元,等.杨树菌材与传统菌材栽培天麻的实验研究[J].中南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2011,30(3):42-44.
[9]刘威,赵致,王华磊,等.不同树种菌材对贵州仿野生栽培天麻的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(10):129-132.
[10]王永珍,李建新,吴启南,等.不同菌材栽培天麻的质量研究[J].中国中药杂志,1989(3):15-18.
[11]谭著明,谭周进,陶继全,等.天麻杂交制种、快繁及林下高产栽培技术研究[Z].湖南:湖南省林业科学院,2014-08-12.
[12]涂佳,申爱荣,吴天乐,等.配方施肥对泡桐林生长及土壤质量的影响[J].湖南林业科技,2013,40(1):20-24.
[13]赵萌,方晰,田大伦.第2代杉木人工林地土壤微生物数量与土壤因子的关系[J].林业科学,2007,43(6):8-12.
[14]曹志平,李德鹏,韩雪梅.土壤食物网中的真菌/细菌比率及测定方法[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4741-4748.
[15]田孟华,王家金,张公信,等.云南昭通天麻不同产区土壤雷利特征与评价[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(11):2653-2659.
[16]刘江,徐先英,张荣娟,等.不同退化程度人工梭梭林对土壤理化性质与生物学特性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(12):1-12.
[17]周铉.天麻生活史[J].云南植物研究,1981,3(2):197-202.
[18]徐锦堂,牟春.天麻原球茎生长发育与紫箕小菇及蜜环菌的关系[J].植物学报,1990,32(1):26-31.
[19]徐锦堂,范黎.天麻种子/原球茎和营养繁殖茎被菌根真菌定殖后的细胞分化[J].植物学报,2001,43(10):1003-1010.
[20]袁崇文.中国天麻[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版,2002:13-19.
[21]张洁,秦俊哲,张大为.菌材及土壤条件对天麻有效成分的影响[J].食用菌,2009(1)63-65.
[22]徐锦堂.中国天麻栽培学[M].北京:北京医科大学出版社,1993:45-60.
[23]郑亚玉,王文佳,韩洁,等.天麻生长地土壤生态因子与天麻素含量相关性的研究[J].中华中医药杂志,2010,25(4):527-530.
[24]李梁,张艺,成群芝.中药天麻产区生态环境分析与评价[J].中药研究与信息,2004,6(6):14-16.
[25]田孟华,王家金,张公信,等.云南昭通天麻不同产区土壤肥力特征与评价[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(11):2653-2655.
[26]田维毅,库尔马汉,王文佳,等.天麻生长地土壤微生物群落的初步分析[J].中国生态学杂志,2009,21(3):220-223.
[27]夏志超,孔捶华,王朋,等.杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2135-2140.