基于“层序矢量滑距”的生长断层活动强度定量表征——以珠江口盆地番禺低隆起M区为例
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摘要
传统二维标量对于单一断层定性和半定量的描述方式不能全面、准确地反映断裂系统活动强度与时空差异性。为了研究弱张扭性环境下同沉积断裂系统活动强度与时空差异性及其对古地貌的控制作用,本文首次提出了"层序矢量滑距"的概念与计算方法,依据高频层序界面定量计算构造幕内断裂系统空间展布与活动性质。以珠江口盆地番禺低隆起区珠江组下段为例,利用三维地震资料识别四组同沉积断裂系统和六个四级层序界面,以此求取各层序界面处各断裂系统的累计活动量——"总矢量滑距";同时,运用多重互相关算法对不同断裂系统在各层序界面处的断点进行空间定位,采用空间匹配求差运算,获取不同断裂系统在高频层序边界"矢量滑距"的增量,即单一层序发育时期断裂系统的活动量——"层序矢量滑距",实现对断裂活动强度的定量表征。结果表明:番禺低隆起区珠江组下段断裂系统活动强度整体呈现强—弱—强的变化趋势,古地貌变化受控于四组断裂系统,由早期的北高南低逐渐转变为东北高西南低。"层序矢量滑距"表征方法可以定量表征构造幕内"张性或弱扭张性"断裂的活动情况。
Conventional 2 Dscalar methods cannot comprehensively characterize the activity intensity and space-time variability of fault systems.Therefore in order to study the activity intensity and temporal-spacial difference of syndepositional fault systems under weak torsional environment and its control on paleo-geomorphology,the concept and calculation method of the sequence vector slip distance(SVSD)are proposed in this paper.According to the high-frequency sequence interfaces,the spatial distribution and activity properties of fracture systems within the intramural tectonic activity are quantitatively calculated.In the lower part of Zhujiang Formation,Panyu Low-uplift,the Pearl River Mouth Basin,4 sets of syndepositional fault systems and six 4 th sequence boundaries are identified based on 3 Dseismic data.Then the cumulative activity of each fracture system at each sequence interface(total vector slip distance)are calculated.At the same time,multiple cross-correlation algorithms are used to spatially locate the breakpoints of different fracture systems at each sequence interface.With subtraction difference in space,the SVSD increment of the boundaries is obtained,that is the activity increment of the fracture systems in the single-sequence development period.Finally quantitative characterization of syndepositional fault activity intensity in different periods is achieved.The results show that the activity intensity of the fault systems in study area has a strongweak-strong trend,and the paleo-geomorphology controlled by four groups of the fault systems gradually changed from the early north high south low to the late northeast high southwest low.The proposed approach can effectively quantify the activity of"tension or weak torsion"fracture systems.
Conventional 2 Dscalar methods cannot comprehensively characterize the activity intensity and space-time variability of fault systems.Therefore in order to study the activity intensity and temporal-spacial difference of syndepositional fault systems under weak torsional environment and its control on paleo-geomorphology,the concept and calculation method of the sequence vector slip distance(SVSD)are proposed in this paper.According to the high-frequency sequence interfaces,the spatial distribution and activity properties of fracture systems within the intramural tectonic activity are quantitatively calculated.In the lower part of Zhujiang Formation,Panyu Low-uplift,the Pearl River Mouth Basin,4 sets of syndepositional fault systems and six 4 th sequence boundaries are identified based on 3 Dseismic data.Then the cumulative activity of each fracture system at each sequence interface(total vector slip distance)are calculated.At the same time,multiple cross-correlation algorithms are used to spatially locate the breakpoints of different fracture systems at each sequence interface.With subtraction difference in space,the SVSD increment of the boundaries is obtained,that is the activity increment of the fracture systems in the single-sequence development period.Finally quantitative characterization of syndepositional fault activity intensity in different periods is achieved.The results show that the activity intensity of the fault systems in study area has a strongweak-strong trend,and the paleo-geomorphology controlled by four groups of the fault systems gradually changed from the early north high south low to the late northeast high southwest low.The proposed approach can effectively quantify the activity of"tension or weak torsion"fracture systems.
引文
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[6] 王华,姜华,林正良等.南堡凹陷东营组同沉积构造活动性与沉积格局的配置关系研究.地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(1):70-77.Wang Hua,Jiang Hua,Lin Zhenliang et al.Relations between synsedimentary tectonic activity and sedimentary framework of Dongying formation in Nanpu sag.Journal of Earth Science and Environment,2011,33(1):70-77.
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[8] 杨茂新.生长断层下降盘逆牵引背斜成因探讨.石油物探,1995,34(2):105-109.Yang Maoxin.Genesis of reverse draging anticlines on downthrow side of growth faults.GPP,1995,34(2):105-109.
[9] 张迎朝.珠江口盆地西部南断裂带油气成藏特征与成藏模式.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(5):786-794.Zhang Yingchao.Hydrocarbon pooling characteristics and pooling patterns in the south fault belt,West Pearl River Mouth Basin.OGP,2012,47(5):786-794.
[10] 李洪革,李本才,韩龙等.伊通地堑二号断层几何学特征及其与油气关系.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):614-617.Li Hongge,Li Bencai,Han Long et al.Geometric feature of No.2 fault in Yitong graben and its relation to oil-gas.OGP,2004,39(5):614-617.
[11] 王晓龙,何生,石万忠等.梁家—万昌地区同沉积断层对奢岭组沉积的控制作用.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(1):134-143.Wang Xiaolong,He Sheng,Shi Wanzhong et al.Control of the Sheling Formation deposition by contemporaneous faults derived from strike-slip movement in Liangjia-Wanchang district,Yitong Basin.OGP,2013,48(1):134-143.
[12] 雷宝华.生长断层活动强度定量研究的主要方法评述.地球科学进展,2012,27(9):947-956.Lei Baohua.Review of methods with quantitative studies of activity intensity of the growth fault.Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(9):947-956.
[13] 崔晓玲,张晓宝,马素萍等.同沉积构造研究进展.天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):747-754.Cui Xiaoling,Zhang Xiaobao,Ma Suping et al.Deve-lopments in research of syndepositional structure.Na-tural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):747-754.
[14] Thorsen C E.Age of growth faulting in southeast Louisiana.Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,1963,13:103-110.
[15] 王燮培,费琪,张家骅.石油勘探构造分析.湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990,321-328.Wang Xiepei,Fei Qi,Zhang Jiahua.Sturctural Analysis in Petroleum Exploration.China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan,Hubei,1990,321-328.
[16] 李勤英,罗凤芝,苗翠芝.断层活动速率研究方法及应用探讨.断块油气田,2000,7(2):15-17.Li Qinying,Luo Fengzhi,Miao Cuizhi.Research on fault activity ratio and its application.Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2000,7(2):15-17.
[17] Morley C K.Patterns of displacement along large normal faults:Implications for basin evolution and fault propagation,based on examples from East Africa.AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(4):613-634.
[18] 卢异,王书香,陈松等.一种断裂活动强度计算方法及其应用.天然气地球科学,2010,21(4):612-616.Lu Yi,Wang Shuxiang,Chen Song et al.Computing method about intensity of fault activity and its application.Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(4):612-616.
[19] 金庆焕.南海地质与油气资源.北京:地质出版社,1989.Jin Qinghuan.Geology and Petroleum Resources in the South China Sea.Geological Publishing House,Beijing,1989.
[20] 董冬冬,王大伟,张功成等.珠江口盆地深水区新生代构造沉积演化.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(5):17-22.Dong Dongdong,Wang Dawei,Zhang Gongcheng et al.Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution of deep water area,Pear River Mouth Basin.Journal of China University of Petroleum (Natural Science Edition),2009,33(5):17-22.
[21] 邵磊,雷永昌,庞雄等.珠江口盆地构造演化及对沉积环境的控制作用.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9):1177-1181.Shao Lei,Lei Yongchang,Pang Xiong et al.Tectonicl evoution and its controlling for sedimentary environment in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science Edition),2005,33(9):1177-1181.
[22] 董伟,林畅松,谢利华等.珠江口盆地番禺隆起东南缘断裂坡折带及其对低位域构造—岩性油气藏的控制作用.地球学报,2009,30(2):256-262.Dong Wei,Lin Changsong,Xie Lihua et al.Fault slop-break zone and its control over structural lithostratigraphic traps of lowstand system tracts in southeast Panyu uplift of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Acta Geoscientica Sinca,2009,30(2):256-262.
[23] 林畅松,郑和荣,任建业等.渤海湾盆地东营、沾化凹陷早第三纪同沉积断裂作用对沉积充填的控制.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33(11):1025-1036.Lin Changsong,Zheng Herong,Ren Jianye et al.The controlling on sedimentary of syndeposition faulting of Paleogene at Dongying and Zhanhua Sag in Bohai Bay Basin.Science in China Series D:Earth Science,2003,33(11):1025-1036.
[24] 罗红梅,朱毅秀,穆星等.渤海湾渤南洼陷深层湖相滩坝储集层沉积微相预测.石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):182-190.Luo Hongmei,Zhu Yixiu,Mu Xing et al.Seismic facies prediction of lacustrine beach and bar reservoirs in the deep zone of the Bonan Subsag,Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):182-190.
[2] Egger H,Homayoun M,Schnabel W.Tectonic and climatic control of Paleogene sedimentation in the Rhenodanubian Flysch basin (Eastern Alps,Austria).Sedimentary Geology,2002,152(3):247-262.
[3] Frimmel H E,F?lling P G,Eriksson P G.Neoproterozoic tectonic and climatic evolution recorded in the Gariep Belt,Namibia and South Africa.Basin Research,2002,14(1):55-67.
[4] Vail P R, Audemard F,Bowman S A.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology:Cycles and events in stratigraphy.AAPG Bulletin,1991,11(3):617-659.
[5] 冯有良,徐秀生.同沉积构造坡折带对岩性油气藏富集带的控制作用——以渤海湾盆地古近系为例.石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):22-25.Feng Youliang,Xu Xiusheng.Syndepositional structural slope break zone controls on lithological reservoirs:A case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):22-25.
[6] 王华,姜华,林正良等.南堡凹陷东营组同沉积构造活动性与沉积格局的配置关系研究.地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(1):70-77.Wang Hua,Jiang Hua,Lin Zhenliang et al.Relations between synsedimentary tectonic activity and sedimentary framework of Dongying formation in Nanpu sag.Journal of Earth Science and Environment,2011,33(1):70-77.
[7] 单敬福,王峰,孙海雷等.同沉积构造组合模式下的沉积层序特征及其演化——以东蒙古塔贝尔凹陷为例.地质论评,2010,56(3):426-439.Shan Jingfu,Wang Feng,Sun Hailei et al.Depositional tectonic sequences evolvement of sedimentary system by syngenesis fracture integrated mode:An example from Tabei depression in Mongolia.Geological Review,2010,56(3):426-439.
[8] 杨茂新.生长断层下降盘逆牵引背斜成因探讨.石油物探,1995,34(2):105-109.Yang Maoxin.Genesis of reverse draging anticlines on downthrow side of growth faults.GPP,1995,34(2):105-109.
[9] 张迎朝.珠江口盆地西部南断裂带油气成藏特征与成藏模式.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(5):786-794.Zhang Yingchao.Hydrocarbon pooling characteristics and pooling patterns in the south fault belt,West Pearl River Mouth Basin.OGP,2012,47(5):786-794.
[10] 李洪革,李本才,韩龙等.伊通地堑二号断层几何学特征及其与油气关系.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):614-617.Li Hongge,Li Bencai,Han Long et al.Geometric feature of No.2 fault in Yitong graben and its relation to oil-gas.OGP,2004,39(5):614-617.
[11] 王晓龙,何生,石万忠等.梁家—万昌地区同沉积断层对奢岭组沉积的控制作用.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(1):134-143.Wang Xiaolong,He Sheng,Shi Wanzhong et al.Control of the Sheling Formation deposition by contemporaneous faults derived from strike-slip movement in Liangjia-Wanchang district,Yitong Basin.OGP,2013,48(1):134-143.
[12] 雷宝华.生长断层活动强度定量研究的主要方法评述.地球科学进展,2012,27(9):947-956.Lei Baohua.Review of methods with quantitative studies of activity intensity of the growth fault.Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(9):947-956.
[13] 崔晓玲,张晓宝,马素萍等.同沉积构造研究进展.天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):747-754.Cui Xiaoling,Zhang Xiaobao,Ma Suping et al.Deve-lopments in research of syndepositional structure.Na-tural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):747-754.
[14] Thorsen C E.Age of growth faulting in southeast Louisiana.Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,1963,13:103-110.
[15] 王燮培,费琪,张家骅.石油勘探构造分析.湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990,321-328.Wang Xiepei,Fei Qi,Zhang Jiahua.Sturctural Analysis in Petroleum Exploration.China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan,Hubei,1990,321-328.
[16] 李勤英,罗凤芝,苗翠芝.断层活动速率研究方法及应用探讨.断块油气田,2000,7(2):15-17.Li Qinying,Luo Fengzhi,Miao Cuizhi.Research on fault activity ratio and its application.Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2000,7(2):15-17.
[17] Morley C K.Patterns of displacement along large normal faults:Implications for basin evolution and fault propagation,based on examples from East Africa.AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(4):613-634.
[18] 卢异,王书香,陈松等.一种断裂活动强度计算方法及其应用.天然气地球科学,2010,21(4):612-616.Lu Yi,Wang Shuxiang,Chen Song et al.Computing method about intensity of fault activity and its application.Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(4):612-616.
[19] 金庆焕.南海地质与油气资源.北京:地质出版社,1989.Jin Qinghuan.Geology and Petroleum Resources in the South China Sea.Geological Publishing House,Beijing,1989.
[20] 董冬冬,王大伟,张功成等.珠江口盆地深水区新生代构造沉积演化.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(5):17-22.Dong Dongdong,Wang Dawei,Zhang Gongcheng et al.Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution of deep water area,Pear River Mouth Basin.Journal of China University of Petroleum (Natural Science Edition),2009,33(5):17-22.
[21] 邵磊,雷永昌,庞雄等.珠江口盆地构造演化及对沉积环境的控制作用.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9):1177-1181.Shao Lei,Lei Yongchang,Pang Xiong et al.Tectonicl evoution and its controlling for sedimentary environment in Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science Edition),2005,33(9):1177-1181.
[22] 董伟,林畅松,谢利华等.珠江口盆地番禺隆起东南缘断裂坡折带及其对低位域构造—岩性油气藏的控制作用.地球学报,2009,30(2):256-262.Dong Wei,Lin Changsong,Xie Lihua et al.Fault slop-break zone and its control over structural lithostratigraphic traps of lowstand system tracts in southeast Panyu uplift of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Acta Geoscientica Sinca,2009,30(2):256-262.
[23] 林畅松,郑和荣,任建业等.渤海湾盆地东营、沾化凹陷早第三纪同沉积断裂作用对沉积充填的控制.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33(11):1025-1036.Lin Changsong,Zheng Herong,Ren Jianye et al.The controlling on sedimentary of syndeposition faulting of Paleogene at Dongying and Zhanhua Sag in Bohai Bay Basin.Science in China Series D:Earth Science,2003,33(11):1025-1036.
[24] 罗红梅,朱毅秀,穆星等.渤海湾渤南洼陷深层湖相滩坝储集层沉积微相预测.石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):182-190.Luo Hongmei,Zhu Yixiu,Mu Xing et al.Seismic facies prediction of lacustrine beach and bar reservoirs in the deep zone of the Bonan Subsag,Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):182-190.