氮肥对花生根系生长和结瘤能力的调控效应
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摘要
为探明氮肥对花生根系生长和结瘤能力的调控效应,本研究以花育22号为试验材料,设置5个处理(N1:基肥45 kg N·hm~(-2);N2:基肥60 kg N·hm~(-2);N3:基肥24 kg N·hm~(-2)+追肥36 kg N·hm~(-2);N4:基肥75 kg N·hm~(-2);N5:基肥135 kg N·hm~(-2)),在桶栽条件下,探究氮肥水平和氮肥运筹对花生根系、根瘤生长发育的影响以及根系与根瘤性状的量化关系。结果表明,N4花生的根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积在全生育期均最高;氮肥全部作为基肥施用(N2)可促进花生前期根系的生长发育,氮肥分为基肥和追肥施用(N3)可促进花生中后期根系的生长发育;随着生育进程的推进,不同处理下根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积的变异系数逐渐增大,最大变异系数分别为29.3%、25.1%和22.1%。生育前期根瘤数目和根瘤鲜重随氮肥水平的增加逐渐降低,而生育中后期根瘤数目和根瘤鲜重则以N4最高,N3次之。根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积与根瘤数目和根瘤鲜重均呈正相关,相关系数为0.1839~0.5262,此外除根系表面积与根瘤鲜重相关性不显著外,其余均达显著或极显著水平。因此,合理施氮可有效调控花生根系和根瘤性状,协调促进根系生长和根瘤发育。本研究为花生生产合理施用氮肥提供了科学依据。
In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on root growth and nodulating ability of peanut,Huayu22 was used as the test material to study the effect of nitrogen level and application regimes on peanut root length,root surface area,root volume,nodule number,nodule fresh weight and quantitative relationship between root and root nodule traits. Five treatments were applied under pot cultural condition,which were N1( applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 45 kg ·hm~(-2)),N2( applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 60 kg ·hm~(-2)),N3( applied 24 kg N·hm~(-2)as based fertilizer + 36 kg N·hm~(-2)as topdressing fortilizer),N4( applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 75 kg ·hm~(-2)) and N5( applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 135 kg ·hm~(-2)). Results showed root length,root surface and root volume were the largest under N4 treatment during peanut growing period. Under the same nitrogen level,N2 treatment which applied amount of N as based fertilizer could promote the root growth and development during peanut earlier stage,and root morphological of N3 treatment which applied amount of N with the ration of 4∶ 6 base and topdressing fertilizer was better than that of N2 treatment especially in middle and later stages of peanut growth. With the growth process moving forward,variation coefficients of root morphology among different treatments gradually increased.Maximum variation coefficient of root length, root surface and root volume was 29. 3%,25. 1% and 22. 1%,respectively. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,the number and weight of root nodule gradually reduced during earlier growth stage,but that of N4 treatment was the biggest followed by N3 treatment at medium-late stage of peanut growth. There were monotonic positive association between root and root nodule traits with correlation coefficients ranging from 0. 1839 ~ 0. 5262. Canonical correlation analysis between root and root nodule traits were significant or remarkably significant except for that between root surface and fresh weight of root nodule. Therefore,scientific and reasonable fertilization of nitrogen could regulate root system and root nodule traits effectively,and coordinate the relation between root morphological and generation of nodules. Results obtained from this study provide scientific references for applying nitrogen fertilizer in the process of peanut production.
In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on root growth and nodulating ability of peanut,Huayu22 was used as the test material to study the effect of nitrogen level and application regimes on peanut root length,root surface area,root volume,nodule number,nodule fresh weight and quantitative relationship between root and root nodule traits. Five treatments were applied under pot cultural condition,which were N1( applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 45 kg ·hm~(-2)),N2( applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 60 kg ·hm~(-2)),N3( applied 24 kg N·hm~(-2)as based fertilizer + 36 kg N·hm~(-2)as topdressing fortilizer),N4( applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 75 kg ·hm~(-2)) and N5( applied amount of N as based fertilizer was 135 kg ·hm~(-2)). Results showed root length,root surface and root volume were the largest under N4 treatment during peanut growing period. Under the same nitrogen level,N2 treatment which applied amount of N as based fertilizer could promote the root growth and development during peanut earlier stage,and root morphological of N3 treatment which applied amount of N with the ration of 4∶ 6 base and topdressing fertilizer was better than that of N2 treatment especially in middle and later stages of peanut growth. With the growth process moving forward,variation coefficients of root morphology among different treatments gradually increased.Maximum variation coefficient of root length, root surface and root volume was 29. 3%,25. 1% and 22. 1%,respectively. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,the number and weight of root nodule gradually reduced during earlier growth stage,but that of N4 treatment was the biggest followed by N3 treatment at medium-late stage of peanut growth. There were monotonic positive association between root and root nodule traits with correlation coefficients ranging from 0. 1839 ~ 0. 5262. Canonical correlation analysis between root and root nodule traits were significant or remarkably significant except for that between root surface and fresh weight of root nodule. Therefore,scientific and reasonable fertilization of nitrogen could regulate root system and root nodule traits effectively,and coordinate the relation between root morphological and generation of nodules. Results obtained from this study provide scientific references for applying nitrogen fertilizer in the process of peanut production.
引文
[1]Herrera J M,Noulas C,Feil B,Stamp P,Liedgens M.Nitrogen and genotype effects on root growth and root survivorship of spring wheat[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2013,176(4):561-571
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[3]石海,苗淑杰,柏会子.大豆根系特征对氮阻遏的适应性调节[J].大豆科学,2013,32(4):501-505,511
[4]丁红,张智猛,戴良香,慈敦伟,秦斐斐,宋文武,刘孟娟,付晓.水分胁迫和氮肥对花生根系形态发育及叶片生理活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):450-456
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[6]盖志佳,张伟,蒋芳芳,蔡丽君,刘婧琦,赵桂范,李彩凤,王玉波,王谦玉,李于,蒋和,张敬涛.大豆根瘤及产量对生物糖氮肥和尿素的响应[J].核农学报,2016,30(4):822-827
[7]黄丽芬,董芙蓉,霍中洋,全晓艳,魏海燕,戴其根,许钶,张洪程.氮素水平对不同氮效率基因型水稻的物质生产与分配的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(9):1290-1297
[8]严奉君,孙永健,马均,徐徽,李玥,杨志远,蒋明金,吕腾飞.秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):23-55
[9]刘立军,王康君,卞金龙,熊溢伟,陈璐,王志琴,杨建昌.水稻产量对氮肥响应的品种间差异及其与根系形态生理的关系[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):1999-2007
[10]漆栋良,吴雪,胡田田.施氮方式对玉米根系生长、产量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(14):2804-2813
[11]马存金,刘鹏,赵秉强,张善平,冯海娟,赵杰,杨今胜,董树亭,张吉旺,赵斌.施氮量对不同氮效率玉米品种根系时空分布及氮素吸收的调控[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):845-859
[12]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,严君,李晓慧.施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响[J].华北农学报,2009,24(2):176-179
[13]张玉,秦华东,伍龙梅,张婧,李忠,黄敏,江立庚.玉米根系生长特性及氮肥运筹对根系生长的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(6):62-70
[14]李双双,李晶,陈龙涛,付池,顾万荣,魏湜.施氮量对春小麦根系生长及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(1):141-145
[15]Fumiaki T,Masato T,Kazuhiro K,Kazuhiro I,Shinpei N,Keiji S,Atsushi C,Kazuki S,Toshinori T,Takashi S,Yoshihiro K.Effects of preceding compost application on the nitrogen budget in an upland soybean field converted from a rice paddy field on gray lowland soil in Akita,Japan[J].Soil Science Plant Nutrition,2010,56(5):760-772
[16]万书波,封海胜,左学青,张建成.不同供氮水平花生的氮素利用效率[J].山东农业科学,2000,32(1):31-33
[17]王月福,康玉洁,王铭伦,赵长星.施钾对花生积累氮素来源和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(1):126-131
[18]Tajima R,Morita S,Abe J.Distribution pattern of root nodules in relation to root architecture in two leading cultivars of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)[J].Plant Production Science,2006,9(3):249-255
[19]邸伟,金喜军,马春梅,龚振平,董守坤,张磊.施氮水平对大豆氮素积累与产量影响的研究[J].核农学报,2010,24(3):612-617
[20]吴正锋,陈殿绪,郑永美,王才斌,孙学武,李向东,王兴祥,石程仁,冯昊,于天一.花生不同氮源供氮特性及氮肥利用率研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(2):207-213
[21]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,王树起,李晓慧,朱巍巍.不同施氮量及供氮方式对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(1):75-79
[22]Wang C B,Zheng Y M,Shen P,Zheng Y P,Wu Z F,Sun X W,Yu T Y,Feng H.Determining N supplied sources and N use efficiency for peanut under applications of four forms of N fertilizers labeled by isotope15N[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(2):432-439
[23]徐亮,王月福,程曦,康玉洁,王铭伦.施磷对花生根系生长发育和产量的影响[J].花生学报,2009,38(1):32-35
[24]徐国伟,王贺正,翟志华,孙梦,李友军.不同水氮耦合对水稻根系形态生理、产量与氮素利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):132-141
[25]董桂春,陈琛,袁秋梅,羊彬,朱正康,曹文雅,仲军,周娟,罗刚,王熠,黄建晔,王余龙.氮肥处理对氮素高效吸收水稻根系性状及氮肥利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):642-651
[26]徐春梅,陈丽萍,王丹英,陈松,章秀福,石庆华.低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗根系功能和氮代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(8):1625-1634
[27]乔云发,韩晓增.长期定量施肥对大豆根系形态和根瘤性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2011,30(1):119-122
[28]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,严君,李晓慧.施氮对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1069-1073
[29]张翔,毛家伟,司贤宗,李亮,李国平.施氮时期对夏花生产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(6):897-901
[30]李向东,吴爱荣,张高英,万勇善.夏花生施用氮肥对根瘤中固氮酶和叶片硝酸还原酶活性的影响[J].山东农业大学学报,1995,26(4):496-502
[31]万书波,张思苏,刘光臻,孙俊福,王在序,余美炎.应用15N示踪法对花生氮肥施用时期和方法的研究[J].花生科技,1989,18(3):24-27
[32]苗淑杰,乔云发,韩晓增,王树起,李海波.缺磷对已结瘤大豆生长和固氮功能的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(7):1344-1349
[2]Nakamura T,Adu-Gyamfi J J,Yamamoto A,Ishikawa S.Varietal differences in root growth as related to nitrogen uptake by sorghum plants in low-nitrogen environment[J].Plant Soil,2002,245(1):17-24
[3]石海,苗淑杰,柏会子.大豆根系特征对氮阻遏的适应性调节[J].大豆科学,2013,32(4):501-505,511
[4]丁红,张智猛,戴良香,慈敦伟,秦斐斐,宋文武,刘孟娟,付晓.水分胁迫和氮肥对花生根系形态发育及叶片生理活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):450-456
[5]金剑,王光华,刘晓冰,徐艳霞,刘俊杰,米亮,王程,Herbert S J.两个大豆品种在暗棕壤和黑土中的根系形态和根瘤性状[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(8):1747-1753
[6]盖志佳,张伟,蒋芳芳,蔡丽君,刘婧琦,赵桂范,李彩凤,王玉波,王谦玉,李于,蒋和,张敬涛.大豆根瘤及产量对生物糖氮肥和尿素的响应[J].核农学报,2016,30(4):822-827
[7]黄丽芬,董芙蓉,霍中洋,全晓艳,魏海燕,戴其根,许钶,张洪程.氮素水平对不同氮效率基因型水稻的物质生产与分配的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(9):1290-1297
[8]严奉君,孙永健,马均,徐徽,李玥,杨志远,蒋明金,吕腾飞.秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):23-55
[9]刘立军,王康君,卞金龙,熊溢伟,陈璐,王志琴,杨建昌.水稻产量对氮肥响应的品种间差异及其与根系形态生理的关系[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):1999-2007
[10]漆栋良,吴雪,胡田田.施氮方式对玉米根系生长、产量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(14):2804-2813
[11]马存金,刘鹏,赵秉强,张善平,冯海娟,赵杰,杨今胜,董树亭,张吉旺,赵斌.施氮量对不同氮效率玉米品种根系时空分布及氮素吸收的调控[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):845-859
[12]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,严君,李晓慧.施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响[J].华北农学报,2009,24(2):176-179
[13]张玉,秦华东,伍龙梅,张婧,李忠,黄敏,江立庚.玉米根系生长特性及氮肥运筹对根系生长的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(6):62-70
[14]李双双,李晶,陈龙涛,付池,顾万荣,魏湜.施氮量对春小麦根系生长及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(1):141-145
[15]Fumiaki T,Masato T,Kazuhiro K,Kazuhiro I,Shinpei N,Keiji S,Atsushi C,Kazuki S,Toshinori T,Takashi S,Yoshihiro K.Effects of preceding compost application on the nitrogen budget in an upland soybean field converted from a rice paddy field on gray lowland soil in Akita,Japan[J].Soil Science Plant Nutrition,2010,56(5):760-772
[16]万书波,封海胜,左学青,张建成.不同供氮水平花生的氮素利用效率[J].山东农业科学,2000,32(1):31-33
[17]王月福,康玉洁,王铭伦,赵长星.施钾对花生积累氮素来源和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(1):126-131
[18]Tajima R,Morita S,Abe J.Distribution pattern of root nodules in relation to root architecture in two leading cultivars of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)[J].Plant Production Science,2006,9(3):249-255
[19]邸伟,金喜军,马春梅,龚振平,董守坤,张磊.施氮水平对大豆氮素积累与产量影响的研究[J].核农学报,2010,24(3):612-617
[20]吴正锋,陈殿绪,郑永美,王才斌,孙学武,李向东,王兴祥,石程仁,冯昊,于天一.花生不同氮源供氮特性及氮肥利用率研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(2):207-213
[21]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,王树起,李晓慧,朱巍巍.不同施氮量及供氮方式对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(1):75-79
[22]Wang C B,Zheng Y M,Shen P,Zheng Y P,Wu Z F,Sun X W,Yu T Y,Feng H.Determining N supplied sources and N use efficiency for peanut under applications of four forms of N fertilizers labeled by isotope15N[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(2):432-439
[23]徐亮,王月福,程曦,康玉洁,王铭伦.施磷对花生根系生长发育和产量的影响[J].花生学报,2009,38(1):32-35
[24]徐国伟,王贺正,翟志华,孙梦,李友军.不同水氮耦合对水稻根系形态生理、产量与氮素利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):132-141
[25]董桂春,陈琛,袁秋梅,羊彬,朱正康,曹文雅,仲军,周娟,罗刚,王熠,黄建晔,王余龙.氮肥处理对氮素高效吸收水稻根系性状及氮肥利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):642-651
[26]徐春梅,陈丽萍,王丹英,陈松,章秀福,石庆华.低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗根系功能和氮代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(8):1625-1634
[27]乔云发,韩晓增.长期定量施肥对大豆根系形态和根瘤性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2011,30(1):119-122
[28]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,严君,李晓慧.施氮对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1069-1073
[29]张翔,毛家伟,司贤宗,李亮,李国平.施氮时期对夏花生产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(6):897-901
[30]李向东,吴爱荣,张高英,万勇善.夏花生施用氮肥对根瘤中固氮酶和叶片硝酸还原酶活性的影响[J].山东农业大学学报,1995,26(4):496-502
[31]万书波,张思苏,刘光臻,孙俊福,王在序,余美炎.应用15N示踪法对花生氮肥施用时期和方法的研究[J].花生科技,1989,18(3):24-27
[32]苗淑杰,乔云发,韩晓增,王树起,李海波.缺磷对已结瘤大豆生长和固氮功能的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(7):1344-1349