玉米-大豆带状套作对大豆根瘤性状和固氮能力的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究玉米-大豆带状套作系统中大豆生物量积累、根瘤特性、固氮酶活性和植株酰脲含量与固氮能力间的关系,明晰套作根系固氮能力的变化规律,为筛选适宜玉米-大豆带状套作的大豆品种提供理论依据。【方法】以强结瘤大豆NTS1007及其亲本BRAGG和本地耐荫大豆南豆12三个结瘤特性不同的大豆品种(系)为试验材料,在大田试验条件下,采用传统挖掘法挖根考察根瘤生长特性,并对玉豆带状套作下的大豆地上部与地下部生物量积累、根瘤固氮酶活性和植株酰脲含量进行测定和分析。【结果】与单作相比,玉豆带状套作下大豆植株生物量显著下降,地下部(33.15%)较地上部(20.84%)下降更为明显,根瘤生物量受地上部和地下部的共同调控(R2=0.613、0.916);大豆根瘤数目、单株瘤重和酰脲含量均显著下降,根瘤数目与地下部生物量呈显著正相关(R2=0.813);单位重量和单株固氮酶活性均显著下降,在达到峰值后下降速度均小于单作;单株固氮酶活性增长速率最快的时间滞后于单作。不同结瘤特性大豆对玉豆带状套作的响应不同,玉豆带状套作下NTS1007单株根瘤数目最多,但与单作相比其降幅最大(52.42%),BRAGG地下部和地上部生物量、根瘤重量下降幅度最大(37.73%、31.28%、43.25%),南豆12的根瘤数目、地上部和地下部生物量、根冠比的降幅均为最小(40.12%、10.17%、19.83%、10.41%);玉豆带状套作下NTS1007的单株固氮酶活性和单位重量酰脲含量降幅最大(64.41%、21.72%),BRAGG的单位重量固氮酶活性降幅最大(24.16%),南豆12的单位重量和单株固氮酶活性、单株酰脲含量均表现为最高,且降幅最小(10.01%、45.81%、17.88%)。【结论】玉豆带状套作显著降低了大豆地上部、地下部生物量和根冠比,减少了单株根瘤数目,降低了单位重量根瘤和单株固氮酶活性,抑制了大豆固氮能力的发挥。但生殖生长后期固氮能力下降速度低于单作,这有利于套作大豆籽粒蛋白质的积累。不同结瘤特性大豆对套作的响应不同,强结瘤大豆NTS1007的地上部干物质积累和地下根瘤形成对套作环境反应敏感,南豆12则对玉豆带状套作表现出了良好的适应性。
【Objective】Shoot and root biomass, nodule characteristics, nitrogenase reductive ability and ureide content were studied to investigate the biological nitrogen fixation of soybean under relay-intercropping system.【Method】Three varieties, super-nodulating mutant NTS1007, BRAGG and ND12, were used in this field experiment to investigate the growth characteristics of root nodule, nodule nitrogenase reductive ability and ureide content of plant as well as root and shoot biomass accumulation. 【Result】Compared with monoculture, the results showed that root and shoot biomass decreased significantly in relay strip intercropping system. Nodule biomass was regulated by shoot and root, however, nodule number was correlated with the root biomass. The decreasing amplitude of root biomass(33.15%) was higher than that of shoot(20.84%) in relay strip intercropping system, as a result, the root/shoot ratio was decreased significantly. Furthermore, the nodule nitrogenase reductive ability and the ureide content of plant were also decreased significantly. Compared with monoculture, nitrogenase ability per plant and per weight all decreased, and the declining speed was slower after peak value. The fastest increasing stage of nitrogenase ability per plant came later. Among the three soybean varieties, NTS1007(52.42%) had a bigger decreasing amplitude in nodule number than others, BRAGG had the biggest decreasing amplitude in root biomass, shoot biomass and nodule weight(37.73%, 31.28%, 43.25%). In maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system, NTS1007 had the biggest decreasing amplitude in nitrogenase activity per plant and ureide content per weight(64.41%, 21.72%), as well as the nitrogenase activity per weight of BRAGG(21.46%), nitrogenase activity and ureide content per plant of ND12 was higher than that of NTS1007 and BRAGG, but the decreasing amplitude compared to monoculture was the lowest among the three soybean varieties(10.01%, 45.81%, 17.88%).【Conclusion】In relay strip intercropping system, shoot biomass, root biomass and root/shoot ratio decreased significantly, as well as the nodule number and nitrogenase ability. The declining speed of nitrogen fixing ability was slower, and this will be favorable to protein accumulation. The decreasing amplitude was different among the three soybean varieties. The biomass accumulation and nodule formation of super-nodulating mutant NTS1007 were sensitive to relay strip intercropping system, but ND12 showed a better adaptability.
【Objective】Shoot and root biomass, nodule characteristics, nitrogenase reductive ability and ureide content were studied to investigate the biological nitrogen fixation of soybean under relay-intercropping system.【Method】Three varieties, super-nodulating mutant NTS1007, BRAGG and ND12, were used in this field experiment to investigate the growth characteristics of root nodule, nodule nitrogenase reductive ability and ureide content of plant as well as root and shoot biomass accumulation. 【Result】Compared with monoculture, the results showed that root and shoot biomass decreased significantly in relay strip intercropping system. Nodule biomass was regulated by shoot and root, however, nodule number was correlated with the root biomass. The decreasing amplitude of root biomass(33.15%) was higher than that of shoot(20.84%) in relay strip intercropping system, as a result, the root/shoot ratio was decreased significantly. Furthermore, the nodule nitrogenase reductive ability and the ureide content of plant were also decreased significantly. Compared with monoculture, nitrogenase ability per plant and per weight all decreased, and the declining speed was slower after peak value. The fastest increasing stage of nitrogenase ability per plant came later. Among the three soybean varieties, NTS1007(52.42%) had a bigger decreasing amplitude in nodule number than others, BRAGG had the biggest decreasing amplitude in root biomass, shoot biomass and nodule weight(37.73%, 31.28%, 43.25%). In maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system, NTS1007 had the biggest decreasing amplitude in nitrogenase activity per plant and ureide content per weight(64.41%, 21.72%), as well as the nitrogenase activity per weight of BRAGG(21.46%), nitrogenase activity and ureide content per plant of ND12 was higher than that of NTS1007 and BRAGG, but the decreasing amplitude compared to monoculture was the lowest among the three soybean varieties(10.01%, 45.81%, 17.88%).【Conclusion】In relay strip intercropping system, shoot biomass, root biomass and root/shoot ratio decreased significantly, as well as the nodule number and nitrogenase ability. The declining speed of nitrogen fixing ability was slower, and this will be favorable to protein accumulation. The decreasing amplitude was different among the three soybean varieties. The biomass accumulation and nodule formation of super-nodulating mutant NTS1007 were sensitive to relay strip intercropping system, but ND12 showed a better adaptability.
引文
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[13]董守坤,马春梅,李姚,金喜军,龚振平.大豆植株中酰脲含量变化动态研究.东北农业大学学报,2005,36(5):549-552.Dong S K,Ma C M,Li Y,Jin X J,Gong Z P.Study on the change of ureides content in soybean plant.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2005,36(5):549-552.(in Chinese)
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[16]左元梅,刘永秀,张福锁.玉米/花生混作改善花生铁营养对花生碳氮代谢及固氮的影响.生态学报,2004,24(11):2584-2590.Zuo Y M,Liu Y X,Zhang F S.Effects of improved iron nutrition of peanut intercropped with maize on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen-fixing of peanut nodule.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004(11):2584-2590.(in Chinese)
[17]房增国,左元梅,李隆,张福锁.玉米-花生混作体系中不同施氮水平对花生铁营养及固氮的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(4):386-390.Fang Z G,Zuo Y M,Li L,Zhang F S.Effects of different nitrogen levels on iron nutrition and nitrogen fixation of peanut in maize-peanut mixed cropping system.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2004,10(4):386-390.(in Chinese)
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