外源氮素形态对紫花苜蓿不同生育期根系特性的影响
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摘要
在完全营养液的条件下,采用砂培法,研究了3种外源氮素形态配比(NO3--N,NH4+-N以及NO3--N∶NH4+-N为1∶1)和3个氮素水平(0,105,210 mg/L)对"甘农3号"紫花苜蓿整个生育期根系特性的影响。结果表明,不同形态氮素处理下紫花苜蓿的根系生物量、根表面积、根体积、根系活力、根瘤数、根瘤重和固氮酶活性均显著高于CK,NO3--N和NH4+-N混合培养下效果最好,NH4+-N培养下次之,NO3--N培养下最低,但对根系平均直径的影响并不大。随着氮素水平的增加,各形态配比下紫花苜蓿的根系生物量、根表面积、根体积、根系活力、根瘤数、根瘤重和固氮酶活性均呈增加的变化趋势,各指标在NO3--N+NH4+-N的浓度为210 mg/L时,达到最大值。整个生育期,各处理下紫花苜蓿的根系生物量、根表面积、根系活力、根瘤数、根瘤重和固氮酶活性均在苗期、现蕾期、盛花期差异比较明显,结荚期和鼓粒期差异不显著,各指标之间均有不同程度的相关性。
This paper reports research on the effect of exogenous nitrogen on the root characteristics of"Gannong No. 3"Alfalfa at different growth stages. Samples were cultivated for the whole growth period using the sand culture method under the condition of complete nutrient solution. Three exogenous nitrogen forms( nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) were investigated; with the ammonium nitrogen solution at 1 ∶ 1 and the others are three solution levels( CK,105,210 mg / L). Results showed that under different forms of nitrogen treatment,the root biomass,root surface area,root volume,root activity,root nodule number,nodule weight,and nitrogenase activity of alfalfa are significantly higher than that of CK. With increasing nitrogen levels,there were increases in the proportions of alfalfa root biomass,root surface area,root volume,root activity,root nodule number,nodule weight and nitrogenase activity. The effects are in the following order: NO3--N and NH4+-N mixed culture the highest,followed by NH4+-N and with NO3--N the lowest. The impact on root average diameter was not large. The maximum values were reached by NO3-+NH4+with a concentration of 210 mg / L. In terms of the whole growth stage,root biomass,root surface area,root activity,root nodule number,nodule weight and nitrogenase activity were significantly different during the seedling,budding and flowering stages. However,differences during seed podding and podding were not significant.
This paper reports research on the effect of exogenous nitrogen on the root characteristics of"Gannong No. 3"Alfalfa at different growth stages. Samples were cultivated for the whole growth period using the sand culture method under the condition of complete nutrient solution. Three exogenous nitrogen forms( nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) were investigated; with the ammonium nitrogen solution at 1 ∶ 1 and the others are three solution levels( CK,105,210 mg / L). Results showed that under different forms of nitrogen treatment,the root biomass,root surface area,root volume,root activity,root nodule number,nodule weight,and nitrogenase activity of alfalfa are significantly higher than that of CK. With increasing nitrogen levels,there were increases in the proportions of alfalfa root biomass,root surface area,root volume,root activity,root nodule number,nodule weight and nitrogenase activity. The effects are in the following order: NO3--N and NH4+-N mixed culture the highest,followed by NH4+-N and with NO3--N the lowest. The impact on root average diameter was not large. The maximum values were reached by NO3-+NH4+with a concentration of 210 mg / L. In terms of the whole growth stage,root biomass,root surface area,root activity,root nodule number,nodule weight and nitrogenase activity were significantly different during the seedling,budding and flowering stages. However,differences during seed podding and podding were not significant.
引文
[1]Fan F,Zhang Q G,Zhang Y L,et al.Fertilization effects on alfalfa nodule.Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2006,(7):96-98.
[2]Yan J,Han X Z,Wang S Y,et al.Effect of different forms nitrogen on nodule growth and nitrogen fixation in Soybean.Soybean Science,2009,28(4):674-677.
[3]Liu X J,Liu Y N.Effects of different N levels on productivity and quality of alfalfa varieties.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,7(4):702-707.
[4]Liu X J,Kuai J L,Li W Q,et al.Effects of NH4+-N and NO3--N on root growth,nodulation and nitrogen-fixation of alfalfa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2011,46(5):106-110.
[5]Heidi T,Heuberger J,Kling G,et al.Contribution of N uptake and morphological root characteristics to N efficiency in tropical maize cultivars.Crop Production,2002,29:958-963.
[6]Xu G W,Li S,Zhao Y F,et al.Effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on root secretion and nitrogen utilization of rice.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):140-146.
[7]Peng L Q,Li X Y,Qi X,et al.The relationship of root traits with persistence and biomass in 10 alfalfa varieties.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):147-153.
[8]Kuai J L,Liu X J,Li W Q.Effects of different nitrogen levels on the growth characteristics of alfalfa inoculated with rhizobium.Grassland and Turf,2010,31(3):56-59.
[9]Linkohr B I,Williamson L C,Fitter A H,et al.Nitrate and phosphate availability and distribution have different effects on root system architecture of Arabidopsis.The Plant Journal,2002,29(6):751-760.
[10]Chen P,Feng K,Wang X L,et al.Effects of p H on uptake of different forms of nitrogen by young core.Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Sciences Edition),2003,24(3):46-50.
[11]Yang X E,Sun X.Different varieties of NH4+-N and NO3--N absorption kinetics.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1991,22(5):222-224.
[12]Qiao Y F,Miao S J,Han X Z.Effects of nitrogen forms on the root morphology and proton extrusion in soybean.Soybean Science,2006,(3):265-269.
[13]Sun M,Guo W S,Sun T F,et al.Effects of nitrogen forms on root characteristics in wheat.Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Sciences Edition),2007,28(1):54-57.
[14]Song H X,Shen S L,Ma S Y,et al.Effects of NH4+-N and NO3--N on the nitrogen fixation of soybean nodules.Soybean Science,1997,16(4):283-286.
[15]Gan Y B,Tu X W,Tian R J.Study on optimum timing of nitrogen application on soybean.Soybean Science,1998,17(4):287-291.
[16]He J G,Yan H,Jia J C,et al.Effect of nitrogen management on growth and yield of soybean.Soybean Bulletin,1990,(10):11-15.
[17]Zhang Q,Zhang L,Wei S Q,et al.Effects of Ca2+on acid tolerance of Medicago sativa and Rhizobium meliloti.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(6):1231-1236.
[18]Sun J G,Zhang Y C,Xu J,et al.Isolation and biological characteristic investigation on efficient nitrogen-fixing bacilli.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(6):2043-2051.
[19]Wang F,Liu B,Zhu J W.Effect of magnesium(Mg)on root activity,chlorophyll content and permeability of soybean.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2004,23(2):235-259.
[20]Yao T,Zhang D G,Hu Z Z.Associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of Avena sativa in an alpine region I Isolation an identification.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2004,13(2):106-111.
[21]Nan L L,Shi S L,Zhang J H.Study on root system development ability of different root-type alfalfa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):117-124.
[22]Zhang C M,Xu Y H,Zhao H J.Effects of different nitrogen forms on nitrogen uptake and root growth of rice at the seedling stage.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2011,34(3):72-76.
[23]Saravitz C H,Chaillou S,Mussel J,et al.Influence of nitrate on uptake of ammonium by niteogen-depleted soybean:is the dffect located in roots or shoot.Journal of Experimental Botany,1994,280(45):1575-1584.
[24]Liu Y N,Liu X J,Zhang X L,et al.Effect of clipping and fertilization on production performance of different alfalfa varieties.Grassland and Turf,2013,33(3):69-73.
[25]Wang S Q,Han X Z,Qiao Y F.Root morphology and nitrogen accumulation in soybean(Glycine max L.)under different nitrogen application levels.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(6):1069-1073.
[26]Wang D Y,Wang Z Q.Effect of planting date,plant density and nitrogen application rate on yield and quality of vegetable soybean.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agricultural and Life Sciences Edition),2001,27(1):69-72.
[27]Dong S K,Liu L J,Sun C Z,et al.Effects of nitrogen levels on nodule growth of soybean using15N tracing method.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(4):985-988.
[28]Li B Z,Xin W J,Sun S B,et al.Physiological and molecular responses of nitrogen starved rice plants to re-supply of different nitrogen sources.Plant and Soil,2006,287(1-2):145-159.
[29]Jia Y B,Yang X E,Liu J X.Morphological and physiological adaptation of plant root to nutrient defficit and elemental toxicity stress.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(4):610-616.
[1]范富,张庆国,张永亮,等.施肥对紫花苜蓿根瘤的影响.农业科技通报,2006,(7):96-98.
[2]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,等.不同形态氮对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响.大豆科学,2009,28(4):674-677.
[3]刘晓静,刘艳楠.供氮水平对不同紫花苜蓿产量及品质的影响.草地学报,2013,7(4):702-707.
[4]刘晓静,蒯佳林,李文卿,等.硝态氮与铵态氮对紫花苜蓿根系生长及结瘤固氮的影响.甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):106-110.
[6]徐国伟,李帅,赵永芳,等.秸秆还田与施氮对水稻根系分泌物及氮素利用的影响研究.草业学报,2014,23(2):140-146.
[7]彭岚清,李欣勇,齐晓,等.紫花苜蓿品种根部特性与持久性和生物量的关系.草业学报,2014,23(2):147-153
[8]蒯佳林,刘晓静,李文卿.不同氮素水平对接种根瘤菌紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响.草原与草坪,2010,31(3):56-59.
[10]陈平,封克,汪晓丽,等.营养液p H对玉米幼苗吸收不同形态氮素的影响.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2003,24(3):46-50.
[11]杨肖娥,孙羲.不同水稻品种NH4+-N和NO3--N吸收的动力学.土壤通报,1991,22(5):222-224.
[12]乔云发,苗淑杰,韩晓增.氮素形态对大豆根系形态性状及释放H+的影响.大豆科学,2006,(3):265-269.
[13]孙敏,郭文善,孙陶芳,等.氮素形态对小麦根系特性影响的初步研究.扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2007,28(1):54-57.
[14]宋海星,申斯乐,马淑英,等.硝态氮和氨态氮对大豆根瘤固氮的影响.大豆科学,1997,16(4):283-286.
[15]甘银波,涂学文,田任久.大豆的最佳氮肥施用时期研究.大豆科学,1998,17(4):287-291.
[16]何建国,严华,贾金川,等.不同氮肥管理对大豆生长及产量的影响.大豆通报,1990,(10):11-15.
[17]张琴,张磊,魏世清,等.钙离子对紫花苜蓿及苜蓿根瘤菌耐酸能力的影响.应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1231-1236.
[18]孙建光,张燕春,徐晶,等.高效固氮芽孢杆菌筛选及其生物学特性.中国农业科学,2009,42(6):2043-2051.
[19]王芳,刘鹏,朱靖文.镁对大豆根系活力叶绿素含量和膜透性的影响.农业环境科学学报,2004,23(2):235-259.
[20]姚拓,张德罡,胡自治.高寒地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌研究Ⅰ:固氮菌分离及鉴定.草业学报,2004,13(2):106-111.
[21]南丽丽,师尚礼,张建华.不同根型苜蓿根系发育能力研究.草业学报,2014,23(2):117-124.
[22]张辰明,徐烨红,赵海娟.不同氮形态对水稻苗期氮素吸收和根系生长的影响.南京农业大学学报,2011,34(3):72-76.
[24]刘艳楠,刘晓静,张晓磊,等.施肥与刈割对不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能的影响.草原与草坪,2013,33(3):69-73.
[25]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发.施氮对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响.中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1069-1073.
[26]王丹英,汪自强.播期、密度、氮肥用量对菜用大豆产量和品质的效应.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2001,27(1):69-72.
[27]董守坤,刘丽君,孙聪姝,等.利用15N标记研究氮素水平对大豆根瘤生长的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):985-988.
[29]贾彦博,杨肖娥,刘建祥.植物根系对养分缺乏和毒害的适应及其与养分吸收效率的关系.土壤通报,2005,36(4):610-616.
[2]Yan J,Han X Z,Wang S Y,et al.Effect of different forms nitrogen on nodule growth and nitrogen fixation in Soybean.Soybean Science,2009,28(4):674-677.
[3]Liu X J,Liu Y N.Effects of different N levels on productivity and quality of alfalfa varieties.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,7(4):702-707.
[4]Liu X J,Kuai J L,Li W Q,et al.Effects of NH4+-N and NO3--N on root growth,nodulation and nitrogen-fixation of alfalfa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2011,46(5):106-110.
[5]Heidi T,Heuberger J,Kling G,et al.Contribution of N uptake and morphological root characteristics to N efficiency in tropical maize cultivars.Crop Production,2002,29:958-963.
[6]Xu G W,Li S,Zhao Y F,et al.Effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on root secretion and nitrogen utilization of rice.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):140-146.
[7]Peng L Q,Li X Y,Qi X,et al.The relationship of root traits with persistence and biomass in 10 alfalfa varieties.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):147-153.
[8]Kuai J L,Liu X J,Li W Q.Effects of different nitrogen levels on the growth characteristics of alfalfa inoculated with rhizobium.Grassland and Turf,2010,31(3):56-59.
[9]Linkohr B I,Williamson L C,Fitter A H,et al.Nitrate and phosphate availability and distribution have different effects on root system architecture of Arabidopsis.The Plant Journal,2002,29(6):751-760.
[10]Chen P,Feng K,Wang X L,et al.Effects of p H on uptake of different forms of nitrogen by young core.Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Sciences Edition),2003,24(3):46-50.
[11]Yang X E,Sun X.Different varieties of NH4+-N and NO3--N absorption kinetics.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1991,22(5):222-224.
[12]Qiao Y F,Miao S J,Han X Z.Effects of nitrogen forms on the root morphology and proton extrusion in soybean.Soybean Science,2006,(3):265-269.
[13]Sun M,Guo W S,Sun T F,et al.Effects of nitrogen forms on root characteristics in wheat.Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Sciences Edition),2007,28(1):54-57.
[14]Song H X,Shen S L,Ma S Y,et al.Effects of NH4+-N and NO3--N on the nitrogen fixation of soybean nodules.Soybean Science,1997,16(4):283-286.
[15]Gan Y B,Tu X W,Tian R J.Study on optimum timing of nitrogen application on soybean.Soybean Science,1998,17(4):287-291.
[16]He J G,Yan H,Jia J C,et al.Effect of nitrogen management on growth and yield of soybean.Soybean Bulletin,1990,(10):11-15.
[17]Zhang Q,Zhang L,Wei S Q,et al.Effects of Ca2+on acid tolerance of Medicago sativa and Rhizobium meliloti.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(6):1231-1236.
[18]Sun J G,Zhang Y C,Xu J,et al.Isolation and biological characteristic investigation on efficient nitrogen-fixing bacilli.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(6):2043-2051.
[19]Wang F,Liu B,Zhu J W.Effect of magnesium(Mg)on root activity,chlorophyll content and permeability of soybean.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2004,23(2):235-259.
[20]Yao T,Zhang D G,Hu Z Z.Associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of Avena sativa in an alpine region I Isolation an identification.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2004,13(2):106-111.
[21]Nan L L,Shi S L,Zhang J H.Study on root system development ability of different root-type alfalfa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):117-124.
[22]Zhang C M,Xu Y H,Zhao H J.Effects of different nitrogen forms on nitrogen uptake and root growth of rice at the seedling stage.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2011,34(3):72-76.
[23]Saravitz C H,Chaillou S,Mussel J,et al.Influence of nitrate on uptake of ammonium by niteogen-depleted soybean:is the dffect located in roots or shoot.Journal of Experimental Botany,1994,280(45):1575-1584.
[24]Liu Y N,Liu X J,Zhang X L,et al.Effect of clipping and fertilization on production performance of different alfalfa varieties.Grassland and Turf,2013,33(3):69-73.
[25]Wang S Q,Han X Z,Qiao Y F.Root morphology and nitrogen accumulation in soybean(Glycine max L.)under different nitrogen application levels.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(6):1069-1073.
[26]Wang D Y,Wang Z Q.Effect of planting date,plant density and nitrogen application rate on yield and quality of vegetable soybean.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agricultural and Life Sciences Edition),2001,27(1):69-72.
[27]Dong S K,Liu L J,Sun C Z,et al.Effects of nitrogen levels on nodule growth of soybean using15N tracing method.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(4):985-988.
[28]Li B Z,Xin W J,Sun S B,et al.Physiological and molecular responses of nitrogen starved rice plants to re-supply of different nitrogen sources.Plant and Soil,2006,287(1-2):145-159.
[29]Jia Y B,Yang X E,Liu J X.Morphological and physiological adaptation of plant root to nutrient defficit and elemental toxicity stress.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(4):610-616.
[1]范富,张庆国,张永亮,等.施肥对紫花苜蓿根瘤的影响.农业科技通报,2006,(7):96-98.
[2]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,等.不同形态氮对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响.大豆科学,2009,28(4):674-677.
[3]刘晓静,刘艳楠.供氮水平对不同紫花苜蓿产量及品质的影响.草地学报,2013,7(4):702-707.
[4]刘晓静,蒯佳林,李文卿,等.硝态氮与铵态氮对紫花苜蓿根系生长及结瘤固氮的影响.甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):106-110.
[6]徐国伟,李帅,赵永芳,等.秸秆还田与施氮对水稻根系分泌物及氮素利用的影响研究.草业学报,2014,23(2):140-146.
[7]彭岚清,李欣勇,齐晓,等.紫花苜蓿品种根部特性与持久性和生物量的关系.草业学报,2014,23(2):147-153
[8]蒯佳林,刘晓静,李文卿.不同氮素水平对接种根瘤菌紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响.草原与草坪,2010,31(3):56-59.
[10]陈平,封克,汪晓丽,等.营养液p H对玉米幼苗吸收不同形态氮素的影响.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2003,24(3):46-50.
[11]杨肖娥,孙羲.不同水稻品种NH4+-N和NO3--N吸收的动力学.土壤通报,1991,22(5):222-224.
[12]乔云发,苗淑杰,韩晓增.氮素形态对大豆根系形态性状及释放H+的影响.大豆科学,2006,(3):265-269.
[13]孙敏,郭文善,孙陶芳,等.氮素形态对小麦根系特性影响的初步研究.扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2007,28(1):54-57.
[14]宋海星,申斯乐,马淑英,等.硝态氮和氨态氮对大豆根瘤固氮的影响.大豆科学,1997,16(4):283-286.
[15]甘银波,涂学文,田任久.大豆的最佳氮肥施用时期研究.大豆科学,1998,17(4):287-291.
[16]何建国,严华,贾金川,等.不同氮肥管理对大豆生长及产量的影响.大豆通报,1990,(10):11-15.
[17]张琴,张磊,魏世清,等.钙离子对紫花苜蓿及苜蓿根瘤菌耐酸能力的影响.应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1231-1236.
[18]孙建光,张燕春,徐晶,等.高效固氮芽孢杆菌筛选及其生物学特性.中国农业科学,2009,42(6):2043-2051.
[19]王芳,刘鹏,朱靖文.镁对大豆根系活力叶绿素含量和膜透性的影响.农业环境科学学报,2004,23(2):235-259.
[20]姚拓,张德罡,胡自治.高寒地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌研究Ⅰ:固氮菌分离及鉴定.草业学报,2004,13(2):106-111.
[21]南丽丽,师尚礼,张建华.不同根型苜蓿根系发育能力研究.草业学报,2014,23(2):117-124.
[22]张辰明,徐烨红,赵海娟.不同氮形态对水稻苗期氮素吸收和根系生长的影响.南京农业大学学报,2011,34(3):72-76.
[24]刘艳楠,刘晓静,张晓磊,等.施肥与刈割对不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能的影响.草原与草坪,2013,33(3):69-73.
[25]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发.施氮对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响.中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1069-1073.
[26]王丹英,汪自强.播期、密度、氮肥用量对菜用大豆产量和品质的效应.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2001,27(1):69-72.
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