NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N配比对紫花苜蓿根系生长及固氮特性的影响
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摘要
【目的】为了探明NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N不同配比下紫花苜蓿根系生长及固氮特性,了解NO3--N与NH4+-N的最适配比,提高紫花苜蓿外源氮利用效率.【方法】室外防雨网室内,以‘甘农3号’为研究材料,采用盆栽营养液沙培法,在氮素水平210mg/L下,设NO3--N和NH4+-N的7个混合配比(1∶7、1∶3、3∶5、5∶5、5∶3、3∶1、7∶1),测定处理后紫花苜蓿各生育期根系相关指标.【结果】全生育期内,不同氮素形态配比下(NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N)紫花苜蓿的根系生物量、根系总长度和根表面积均在NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N配比为5∶3处理下显著高于其他处理;根瘤数、根瘤质量和固氮酶活性在紫花苜蓿生长的前中期(苗期和现蕾期)均在NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N配比为1∶7处理下最大,而中后期(盛花期、结荚期和成熟期)在NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N配比5∶3处理下达到最大值.整个生育期,各处理下紫花苜蓿的根系生物量差异显著,而根系总长度、根表面积、根瘤数、根瘤重在前中期差异显著,而后期差异不大.【结论】NO3--N和NH4+-N均能促进紫花苜蓿各时期根系生长,但二者混合使用且NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N比例为5∶3时,紫花苜蓿根系生长最好,肥料报酬率高.与此同时,紫花苜蓿自身固氮能力也最强,对氮素的利用率达到最高.
【Objective】To ascertain the root characteristic and nitrogen fixation characteristics of Medi cagosativa(cv.‘Gannong No.3')and find out the optimum ratio,improving the utilization efficiency of exogenous nitrogen.【Method】Under the condition of nutrient solution and the nitrogen level of 210mg/L(pure nitrogen),the effect of 7ratios of NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N(1∶7,1∶3,3∶5,5∶5,5∶3,3∶1,7∶1)on root characteristics and nitrogen fixation characteristics of the alfalfa were studied outdoors during the whole growth stage by sand culture method,determination of related parameters of the growth period of the root system after processing.【Result】The root biomass,root total length and root surface area of alfalfa at ratio of 5∶3treatment were all significantly higher than those of other treatments during the whole growth stage.The maximum of nodule number,nodule weight and nitrogenase activity were 1∶7treatment before the mid-stages(seeding and budding)and 5∶3treatment after the mid-stages(flowering,seed podding and maturing).During the whole growth stage,each treatments of alfalfa root biomass has significant differences,but root total length,root surface area,nodule number and nodule weight has significant differences before the midstages,and their has no significant differences after the mid-stages.【Conclusion】NO_3-~-N and NH_4~+-N can promote alfalfa root growth each time,but both mix proportion and NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N is 5∶3,alfalfa root growth,the best fertilizer return rate is high.At the same time,under the ratio of alfalfa and nitrogen fixation ability is strongest,reached the highest utilization rate of nitrogen.
【Objective】To ascertain the root characteristic and nitrogen fixation characteristics of Medi cagosativa(cv.‘Gannong No.3')and find out the optimum ratio,improving the utilization efficiency of exogenous nitrogen.【Method】Under the condition of nutrient solution and the nitrogen level of 210mg/L(pure nitrogen),the effect of 7ratios of NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N(1∶7,1∶3,3∶5,5∶5,5∶3,3∶1,7∶1)on root characteristics and nitrogen fixation characteristics of the alfalfa were studied outdoors during the whole growth stage by sand culture method,determination of related parameters of the growth period of the root system after processing.【Result】The root biomass,root total length and root surface area of alfalfa at ratio of 5∶3treatment were all significantly higher than those of other treatments during the whole growth stage.The maximum of nodule number,nodule weight and nitrogenase activity were 1∶7treatment before the mid-stages(seeding and budding)and 5∶3treatment after the mid-stages(flowering,seed podding and maturing).During the whole growth stage,each treatments of alfalfa root biomass has significant differences,but root total length,root surface area,nodule number and nodule weight has significant differences before the midstages,and their has no significant differences after the mid-stages.【Conclusion】NO_3-~-N and NH_4~+-N can promote alfalfa root growth each time,but both mix proportion and NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N is 5∶3,alfalfa root growth,the best fertilizer return rate is high.At the same time,under the ratio of alfalfa and nitrogen fixation ability is strongest,reached the highest utilization rate of nitrogen.
引文
[1]范富,张庆国,张永亮,等.施肥对紫花苜蓿根瘤的影响[J].农业科技通报,2006(7):96-98
[2]刘晓静,蒯佳林,李文卿,等.硝态氮与铵态氮对紫花苜蓿根系生长及结瘤固氮的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):106-110
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[8]Streeter J,Wong P P.Inhibition of legume nodule formation and N2fixation by nitrate[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1988,7(1):1-23
[9]蒯佳林.氮素形态及供应水平对紫花苜蓿生长特性及结瘤固氮的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2011
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[11]姚拓,张德罡,胡自治.高寒地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌研究Ⅰ:固氮菌分离及鉴定[J].草业学报,2004,13(2):106-111
[12]Tang C,Hinsinger P J,Drevon J,et al.Phosphorus deficiency impairs early nodule functioning and enhances proton release in roots of Medicago truncatula L.[J].Annals of Botany,2001,88:131-138
[13]孙建光,张燕春,徐晶,等.高效固氮芽孢杆菌筛选及其生物学特性[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(6):2043-2051
[14]钟丽华,宋世威,刘厚诚,等.不同铵硝配比对芥蓝产量和品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012(8):63-67
[15]杨阳,郑秋玲,裴成国,等.不同硝铵比对霞多丽葡萄幼苗生长和氮素营养的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):370-375
[16]张辰明,徐烨红,赵海娟.不同氮形态对水稻苗期氮素吸收和根系生长的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(3):72-76
[17]Saravitz C H,Chaillou S,Mussel,J,et al.Inflence of nitrate on uptake of ammonium by niteogen-depleted soybean:is the dffect located in roots or shoot[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1994,45(280):1575-1584
[18]李剑峰,师尚礼,张淑卿.环境酸度对紫花苜蓿早期生长和生理的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(2):47-54
[19]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响[J].华北农学报,2009,29(2):176-179
[20]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,等.不同形态氮对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(4):674-677
[21]贾彦博,杨肖娥,刘建祥.植物根系对养分缺乏和毒害的适应及其与养分吸收效率的关系[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):610-616
[22]董守坤,刘丽君,孙聪姝,等.利用15N标记研究氮素水平对大豆根瘤生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):985-988
[2]刘晓静,蒯佳林,李文卿,等.硝态氮与铵态氮对紫花苜蓿根系生长及结瘤固氮的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):106-110
[3]Heuberger T,Jennifer G K,Horst W G,et al.Contribution of N uptake and morphological root characteristics to N efficiency in tropical maize cultivars[J].Crop Production,2002,29:958-963
[4]Linkohr B I,Williamson L C,Fitter A H,et al.Nitrate and phosphate availability and distribution have different effects on root system architecture of Arabidopsis[J].The Plant Journal,2002,29(6):751-760
[5]孙敏,郭文善,孙陶芳,等.氮素形态对小麦根系特性影响的初步研究[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2007,28(1):54-57
[6]宋海星,王萍.大豆共生固氮与叶片全氮含量之间关系的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2000,25(6):9-11
[7]宋海星,申斯乐.硝态氮和氨态氮对大豆根瘤固氮的影响[J].大豆科学,1997,16(4):283-287
[8]Streeter J,Wong P P.Inhibition of legume nodule formation and N2fixation by nitrate[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1988,7(1):1-23
[9]蒯佳林.氮素形态及供应水平对紫花苜蓿生长特性及结瘤固氮的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2011
[10]叶芳.氮素形态对紫花苜蓿不同生育期生长和生理特性的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014
[11]姚拓,张德罡,胡自治.高寒地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌研究Ⅰ:固氮菌分离及鉴定[J].草业学报,2004,13(2):106-111
[12]Tang C,Hinsinger P J,Drevon J,et al.Phosphorus deficiency impairs early nodule functioning and enhances proton release in roots of Medicago truncatula L.[J].Annals of Botany,2001,88:131-138
[13]孙建光,张燕春,徐晶,等.高效固氮芽孢杆菌筛选及其生物学特性[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(6):2043-2051
[14]钟丽华,宋世威,刘厚诚,等.不同铵硝配比对芥蓝产量和品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012(8):63-67
[15]杨阳,郑秋玲,裴成国,等.不同硝铵比对霞多丽葡萄幼苗生长和氮素营养的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):370-375
[16]张辰明,徐烨红,赵海娟.不同氮形态对水稻苗期氮素吸收和根系生长的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(3):72-76
[17]Saravitz C H,Chaillou S,Mussel,J,et al.Inflence of nitrate on uptake of ammonium by niteogen-depleted soybean:is the dffect located in roots or shoot[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1994,45(280):1575-1584
[18]李剑峰,师尚礼,张淑卿.环境酸度对紫花苜蓿早期生长和生理的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(2):47-54
[19]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响[J].华北农学报,2009,29(2):176-179
[20]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,等.不同形态氮对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(4):674-677
[21]贾彦博,杨肖娥,刘建祥.植物根系对养分缺乏和毒害的适应及其与养分吸收效率的关系[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):610-616
[22]董守坤,刘丽君,孙聪姝,等.利用15N标记研究氮素水平对大豆根瘤生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):985-988