陶瓷板太阳能集热器保温隔热设计及养殖水体升温试验
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摘要
为研究保温隔热结构对陶瓷板太阳能集热器水体升温和集热效果的影响,进行了不同工况模式下的水体升温对比试验,并对其集热效果进行了探讨。结果表明:陶瓷板太阳能集热器的水体升温幅度和得热量与辐射照度成正比,且受保温隔热结构的影响较大;晴天天气、同等流量条件下,有保温隔热的集热器水体升温幅度比无保温隔热的集热器平均提高2.3℃,日有用得热量提高68.8%;阴天天气、无保温隔热的集热器会造成14.3 MJ/m~2的热量流失,水体升温幅度比前者低3.1℃;增加水体流量,集热器的水体升温幅度随之降低,而得热量则增加,大流量条件下保温隔热更有利于系统集热;有盖板(有保温)的集热器水体升温幅度和日有用得热量分别比无盖板(有保温)的集热器高出0.3、1.2 MJ/m~2。研究表明,保温隔热结构可显著提升陶瓷板太阳能集热器的水体升温效果和集热性能,该种模式在中国北方地区工业化水产养殖水体升温工程中具有良好的应用前景。
Thermal insulation structure was designed in a ceramic solar panel and water heating in aquaculture efficiency was experimentally studied by measurement of water temperature increment in the solar panels under different conditions to evaluate the efficient water heating in an industrialized aquaculture system. Results showed that water temperature increment and heat gains by the panel were positively correlated both to solar irradiance intensity and significantly affected by thermal insulation of the panel. It was found that the temperature was 2.3 ℃ higher, on average, in the insulated panel than that in uninsulated panel, and 68.8% higher daily heat gain in the former than that in the latter on sunny days. In cloudy days, however, more than 14.3 MJ/m~2 of daily heat gains were lost by uninsulated panel, and the water temperature in uninsulated panel was about 3.1 ℃ lower than that in insulated panel. Also, with the increasing water flow rate, water temperature increment in the panels decreased, while the heat gains increased. There was much high efficiency in insulated panel when the system was operated at high water flow rate. Furthermore, water temperature and daily heat gains were shown to be about 0.3 ℃ and 1.2 MJ/m~2 higher in the covered panel than that in the uncovered panel. It has demonstrated that thermal insulation could significantly improve water heating and solar heat collecting efficiency of the ceramic solar panel, which is promising for water heating in aquaculture industry.
Thermal insulation structure was designed in a ceramic solar panel and water heating in aquaculture efficiency was experimentally studied by measurement of water temperature increment in the solar panels under different conditions to evaluate the efficient water heating in an industrialized aquaculture system. Results showed that water temperature increment and heat gains by the panel were positively correlated both to solar irradiance intensity and significantly affected by thermal insulation of the panel. It was found that the temperature was 2.3 ℃ higher, on average, in the insulated panel than that in uninsulated panel, and 68.8% higher daily heat gain in the former than that in the latter on sunny days. In cloudy days, however, more than 14.3 MJ/m~2 of daily heat gains were lost by uninsulated panel, and the water temperature in uninsulated panel was about 3.1 ℃ lower than that in insulated panel. Also, with the increasing water flow rate, water temperature increment in the panels decreased, while the heat gains increased. There was much high efficiency in insulated panel when the system was operated at high water flow rate. Furthermore, water temperature and daily heat gains were shown to be about 0.3 ℃ and 1.2 MJ/m~2 higher in the covered panel than that in the uncovered panel. It has demonstrated that thermal insulation could significantly improve water heating and solar heat collecting efficiency of the ceramic solar panel, which is promising for water heating in aquaculture industry.
引文
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[23] 李仁飞,高文峰,刘滔,等.累计太阳辐照量对真空管太阳能热水器日得热量的影响[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2014,34(1):31-35.
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[25] 王保国,刘淑艳,王新泉,等.传热学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009:209.
[26] Hashim W M,Shomran A T,Jurmut H A,et al.Case study on solar water heating for flat plate collector[J].Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,2018,12:666-671.
[27] 赵会刚,徐俊芳.陶瓷太阳能板换热CFD初步研究[J].节能,2014(10):64-67.
[28] Carbonell D,Cadafalch J,Consul R,et al.Dynamic modelling of flat plate solar collectors.Analysis and validation under thermosyphon conditions[J].Solar Energy,2013,89:100-112.
[29] Taro Mori,Atsuhiro Kawamura.Design of solar water heating system for detached house in cold climate area[J].Energy Procedia,2014,48:1393-1400.
[30] 陈朝炳.太阳能-水源热泵集成的养殖水体升温技术研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2016.
[2] 刘鹰,刘宝良.我国海水工业化养殖面临的机遇和挑战[J].渔业现代化,2012,39(6):1-4,9.
[3] 车轩,刘晃,吴娟,等.我国主要水产养殖模式能耗调查研究[J].渔业现代化,2010,37(2):9-13.
[4] Badiola M,Mendiola D,Bostock J.Recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)analysis:main issues on management and future challenges[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2012,51:26-35.
[5] 金书秦,陈洁.我国水产养殖的直接能耗及碳排放研究[J].中国渔业经济,2012,30(1):73-82.
[6] Badiola M,Basurko O C,Gabiňa G,et al.Integration of energy audits in the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to improve the environmental performance assessment of recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,157:155-166.
[7] 李秀辰,吴丽娜,张国琛,等.以育苗废水作热源的海水热泵制热性能研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(3):279-283.
[8] 李秀辰,邓伟,张殿光,等.海水源热泵对海参育苗废水热能回收的工程应用[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):218-223.
[9] 李秀辰,母刚,张国琛,等.海水源热泵在养殖水体升温与废水余热回收中的应用效果[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):142-148.
[10] 王际英,李宝山,宋志东.地源热泵技术在海水工厂化养殖系统中的应用[J].渔业现代化,2011,38(1):12-14,l8.
[11] 龚希武,张艳.海水热泵系统设计及技术经济分析[J].节能技术,2013,31(1):54-56.
[12] Chen Z S,Tao W Q,Zhu Y W,et al.Performance analysis of air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2012,55(8):2148-2156.
[13] Anees M,Bussa M,Dominguez C,et al.Solar water heating for aquaculture applications in cold climates:a case study of Finland.The Role of Exergy in Energy and the Environment.Cham:Springer,2018:573-587.
[14] Atia D M,Fahmy F H,Ahmed N M,et al.Optimal sizing of a solar water heating system based on a genetic algorithm for an aquaculture system[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2012,55(3-4):1436-1449.
[15] Liu D.System design for solar ground source heat pump in aquaculture[M]//Qi E S,Shen J,Dou R L.International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation (IEMI2012) Proceedings.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2013:283-288.
[16] 翟秀静,刘奎仁,韩庆.新能源技术[M].2版.北京:化学工业出版社,2010:21-24.
[17] Hadorn J C.Solar and Heat Pump Systems for Residential Buildings[M].Berlin:Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn,2015:23-28.
[18] 周燕,金国庭,范新晖.陶瓷太阳能板集热器技术的发展现状[J].佛山陶瓷,2015,25(1):50-54.
[19] 秦旖.陶瓷太阳能集热系统在北方农村冬季采暖中的应用[J].山西建筑,2016,42(20):193-194.
[20] 严军,乔建华.高寒地区陶瓷太阳能集热系统的应用研究[J].青海大学学报:自然科学版,2014,32(6):34-37.
[21] 陶宁,母刚,张国琛,等.陶瓷板与真空管太阳能集热器对养殖水体升温效果的对比研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2019,34(2):1-6.
[22] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB50264-2013工业设备及管道绝热工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013:17.
[23] 李仁飞,高文峰,刘滔,等.累计太阳辐照量对真空管太阳能热水器日得热量的影响[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2014,34(1):31-35.
[24] Alghoul M A,Sulaiman M Y,Azmi B Z,et al.Review of materials for solar thermal collectors[J].Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials,2005,52(4):199-206.
[25] 王保国,刘淑艳,王新泉,等.传热学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009:209.
[26] Hashim W M,Shomran A T,Jurmut H A,et al.Case study on solar water heating for flat plate collector[J].Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,2018,12:666-671.
[27] 赵会刚,徐俊芳.陶瓷太阳能板换热CFD初步研究[J].节能,2014(10):64-67.
[28] Carbonell D,Cadafalch J,Consul R,et al.Dynamic modelling of flat plate solar collectors.Analysis and validation under thermosyphon conditions[J].Solar Energy,2013,89:100-112.
[29] Taro Mori,Atsuhiro Kawamura.Design of solar water heating system for detached house in cold climate area[J].Energy Procedia,2014,48:1393-1400.
[30] 陈朝炳.太阳能-水源热泵集成的养殖水体升温技术研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2016.