植物生长调节剂的残留与安全性分析
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摘要
随着现代化农业科技的普及,植物生长调节剂在调控作物生长发育、改善环境抗性、增加亩产量和改良品质等方面,均取得突出进展,其生产量和使用量连年激增,已成为重要的农业手段之一。然而,植物生长调节剂所带来的残留危害亦不容忽视。安全、适量、高效地使用植物生长调节剂,才能保护农产品和自然环境安全不受侵害。现阶段,我国对植物生长调节剂的研究仅停留在部分食用农产品的限量使用,不同使用类型和毒素类型没有细化和总结。本文综述了植物生长调节剂的毒性及危害、阐述了在不同生态角色的残留及特点,并依托膳食评估概念进行了安全性分析,提出降低植物生长调节剂残留的方法,对今后规范使用植物生长调节剂、保障饮食安全提供科学依据。
With the popularization of modern agricultural science and technology, plant growth regulators have made outstanding progress in regulating crop growth and development, improving environmental resistance, increasing yield per acre and improving quality. Their production and usage have been soaring year by year, which has become one of the important agricultural means. However, the residual hazards associated with plant growth regulators cannot be ignored. Only safe, appropriate and efficient use of plant growth regulators can protect agricultural products and the safety of the natural environment from encroachment. At present, the resear ch on plant growth regulators in China is only limited to the limited use of some edible agricultural products, but different types of use and toxin types have not been refined and summarized. This paper reviewed the toxicity and harm of plant growth regulators, and expounded the residues and characteristics of plant growth regulators in different ecological roles. Based on the concept of dietary assessment, this paper carried out the safety analysis, and put forward the methods to reduce the residue of plant growth regulators, which could provide scientific basis for standardizing the use of plant growth regulators and ensuring food safety in the future.
With the popularization of modern agricultural science and technology, plant growth regulators have made outstanding progress in regulating crop growth and development, improving environmental resistance, increasing yield per acre and improving quality. Their production and usage have been soaring year by year, which has become one of the important agricultural means. However, the residual hazards associated with plant growth regulators cannot be ignored. Only safe, appropriate and efficient use of plant growth regulators can protect agricultural products and the safety of the natural environment from encroachment. At present, the resear ch on plant growth regulators in China is only limited to the limited use of some edible agricultural products, but different types of use and toxin types have not been refined and summarized. This paper reviewed the toxicity and harm of plant growth regulators, and expounded the residues and characteristics of plant growth regulators in different ecological roles. Based on the concept of dietary assessment, this paper carried out the safety analysis, and put forward the methods to reduce the residue of plant growth regulators, which could provide scientific basis for standardizing the use of plant growth regulators and ensuring food safety in the future.
引文
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[6]戴莹,王纪华,韩平,等.农产品中6种植物生长调节剂残留限量标准及检测方法研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(2):425-432.Dai Y,Wang JH,Han P,et al.Research progress on residue limit standards and detection methods of 6 plant growth regulators in agricultural products[J].J Food Saf Qual,2016,7(2):425-432.
[7]潘瑞炽.重视植物生长调节剂的残毒问题[J].生物学通报,2002,37(4):4-7.Pan RC.Pay attention to the residual toxicity of plant growth regulators[J].Bull Biol,2002,37(4):4-7.
[8]佚名.欧盟取缔2-萘氧乙酸的登记[J].农药科学与管理,2009,30(6):9.Anonymous.Registration of the EU to ban 2-naphthoxyacetic acid[J].Pest Sci Manag,2009,30(6):9.
[9]岳晖,王文亮,邬元娟.乙烯利在果蔬中的应用及其残留的危害分析[J].中国食物与营养,2009,(9):14-15.Yue H,Wang WL,Ruan YJ.Application of ethephon in fruits and vegetables and analysis of its residues[J].Chin Food Nutr,2009,(9):14-15.
[10]唐莉娟,谭婷,万益群.超声波提取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化质谱法测定白萝卜中植物生长调节剂[J].食品科学,2012,33(14):136-141.Tang LJ,Tan T,Wan YQ.Determination of plant growth regulators in white radish by ultrasonic extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[J].Food Sci,2012,33(14):136-141.
[11]吴凤琪,靳保辉,陈波,等.水果中8种外源性植物生长调节剂的液相色谱-串联质谱测定[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(15):115-119.Wu FQ,Jin BH,Chen B,et al.Determination of 8 exogenous plant growth regulators in fruits by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Chin Agric Sci Bull,2010,26(15):115-119.
[12]郭利军,鸿雁,何凡,等.芒果常用植物生长调节剂毒性和残留研究进展[J].中国果树,2014,(3):78-81.Guo LJ,Hong Y,He F,et al.Research progress on toxicity and residues of plant growth regulators commonly used in mango[J].China Fruit Tree,2014,(3):78-81.
[13]梁素丹,陈剑刚,张艳.固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱法测定水果中5种植物生长调节剂[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2018,28(10):1173-1176.Liang SD,Chen JG,Zhang Y.Determination of five plant growth regulators in fruits by solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Chin J Health Lab Technol,2018,28(10):1173-1176.
[14]古丽君,蓝康华,李磊,等.液质联用法测定蔬果中12种植物生长调节剂[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2017,27(24):3514-3518.Gu LJ,Lan KH,Li L,et al.Determination of 12 plant growth regulators in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Chin J Health Lab Technol,2017,27(24):3514-3518.
[15]Dragi?evi?I,Konjevi?R,Vinterhalter B,et al.The effects of IAA and tetcyclacis on tuberization in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)shoot cultures in vitro[J].Plant Growth Regul,2008,54(3):189-193.
[16]Wang H,Xiao L.Effects of chlorocholine chloride on phytohormones and photosynthetic characteristics in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)[J].JPlant Growth Regul,2009,28(1):21.
[17]GB 2763-2014食品中农药最大残留限量[S].GB 2763-2014 Maximum residue limit for agricultural drugs in food[S].
[18]GB 2763-2016食品中农药最大残留限量[S].GB 2763-2016 Maximum residue limit for agricultural drugs in food[S].
[19]国家食品药品监督管理总局农业部国家卫生和计划生育委员会公告(2015年第11号).[2016-04-14].http://www.sda.gov.cn/W S01/CID050/118260.htm 1.State Food and Drug Administration,Ministry of Agriculture,National Health and Family Planning Commission,(Announcement No.11,2015).[2016-04-14].http://www.sda.gov.cn/W S01/CID 050/118260.htm 1.
[20]EU Pesticides database[EB/OL].[2014-6-3].Http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/?event=homepage
[21]国家质量监督检验检疫总局进出口食品安全局.食品网[EB/OL].[2014-7-1].http://www.Tbt-sps.gov.cn/foodsafe/Pages/default.aspx.Import and Export Food Safety Bureau of the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine.Food network[EB/OL].[2014-7-1].http://www.Tbt-sps.gov.cn/foodsafe/Pages/default.aspx.
[22]European Commission.EU Pesticide database[EB/OL].[2017-5-31].http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticidesdatabase).
[23]US Environment Protection Agency.Tolerances and exemptions forpesticide chemical residues in food[EB/OL].[2017-5-31].https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=56686e48f30b 308e60d0c9b0135691c9&mc=true&tpl=/ecfrbr owse/Title40/40cfr180_main_02.tpl.
[24]Minister of Health,Labor and Welfare.Positive list system foragricultural chemical residues in foods[EB/OL].[2017-5-30].http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/pages/MRL s-p.)
[25]钱永忠,李耘,田河山,等.农产品质量安全风险评估-原理、方法和应用[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Qian YZ,Li Y,Tian HS,et al.Agricultural product quality and safety risk assessment-principles,methods and applications[M].Beijing:China Standard Press,2007.
[26]王向未,仇厚援,张志恒,等.食品中膳食暴露评估模型研究进展[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(4):733-738.Wang XW,Qiu HY,Zhang ZH,et al.Research progress on dietary exposure assessment model in foods[J].Zhejiang J Agric Sci,2012,24(4):733-738.
[27]刘元宝,王灿楠,吴永宁,等.膳食暴露定量评估模型及其变异性和不确定性研究[J].中国卫生统计,2008,25(1):665-669.Liu YB,Wang CN,Wu YN,et al.Study on quantitative assessment model of dietary exposure and its variability and uncertainty[J].Chin J Health Statist,2008,25(1):665-669.
[28]FAO/WHO.Pesticide residues in food 1994.Report of the joint meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues[EB/OL].[2005-5-30].http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPP/Pesticid/JMPR/Download/94 eva/prelim.pdf.
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