苹果新梢生长速度日变化与温湿度·比叶重和净光合速率关系的研究
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摘要
[目的]研究苹果新梢生长速度日变化与温湿度、比叶重和净光合速率关系。[方法]以5年生嘎啦和烟富3为试材,研究了苹果树新梢生长速度日变化与环境温度、湿度、比叶重、光合作用之间的相关规律。[结果]嘎啦和烟富3新梢生长速度日变化趋势基本一致,都呈先升高后降低的趋势,以07:30为基点开始,19:30生长速度达到最大值,嘎啦和烟富3新梢的生长速度分别为0.433和0.410 mm/h,09:30生长速度出现最小值,分别为0.110和0.108 mm/h。累积生长量嘎啦高于烟富3,分别为6.861和5.662 mm/d;日间枝条生长速度与气温呈正相关,与净光合速率呈负相关,其中烟富3相关系数达显著水平。[结论]该研究为更加精准地实施果树水肥控制提供理论依据。
[Objective] To research the relationship between the daily variation of growth speed of young shoots,temperature and humidity,specific leaf weight and net photosynthetic rate.[Method]With five-year-old Gala and Yanfu 3 apple cultivars as the test materials,we researched the relationship between young shoot growth rate and temperature,relative humidity,leaf mass per area,net photosynthetic rate.[Result] The daily variation of growth speed of new young shoots of two cultivars had the same change tendency basically,which was increased during the day and descended at night.And the trend of diurnal growth rate was similar between the two varieties.The growth speed of young shoots of Gala and Yanfu3 reached the maximum at 19: 30,which were 0. 433 and 0. 410 mm/h,respectively,and fell to the minimum at 9: 30,which were 0. 110 and0.108 mm/h,respectively.The daily average growth speed of young shoots was 6.861 mm/d in Gala apple trees and 5.662 mm/d in Yanfu 3 apple trees.The growth speed of young shoots was positively correlated with the temperature,and negatively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate,the correlative coefficient of Yanfu 3 apple trees was highly remarkable( P<0.05).[Conclusion] This research provided theoretical basis for the accurate control of fertilization and water for fruit tree.
[Objective] To research the relationship between the daily variation of growth speed of young shoots,temperature and humidity,specific leaf weight and net photosynthetic rate.[Method]With five-year-old Gala and Yanfu 3 apple cultivars as the test materials,we researched the relationship between young shoot growth rate and temperature,relative humidity,leaf mass per area,net photosynthetic rate.[Result] The daily variation of growth speed of new young shoots of two cultivars had the same change tendency basically,which was increased during the day and descended at night.And the trend of diurnal growth rate was similar between the two varieties.The growth speed of young shoots of Gala and Yanfu3 reached the maximum at 19: 30,which were 0. 433 and 0. 410 mm/h,respectively,and fell to the minimum at 9: 30,which were 0. 110 and0.108 mm/h,respectively.The daily average growth speed of young shoots was 6.861 mm/d in Gala apple trees and 5.662 mm/d in Yanfu 3 apple trees.The growth speed of young shoots was positively correlated with the temperature,and negatively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate,the correlative coefficient of Yanfu 3 apple trees was highly remarkable( P<0.05).[Conclusion] This research provided theoretical basis for the accurate control of fertilization and water for fruit tree.
引文
[1]程述汉,束怀瑞,魏钦平.苹果树新梢生长动态的数学模型[J].生物数学学报,1999,14(1):82-85.
[2]束怀瑞.果树栽培生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993.
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[4]王进鑫,张晓鹏,高保山,等.渭北旱塬红富士苹果需水量与限水灌溉效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(1):69-72.
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[7]邹养军,李嘉瑞,魏钦平,等.苹果根系分区灌水的节水机理与控梢促花效应研究[J].节水灌溉,2008(1):5-9.
[8]邹养军,魏钦平,李嘉瑞,等.根系分区灌水对苹果叶片内源激素及生长的影响[J].园艺学报,2006,33(5):1039-1041.
[9]INTRIGLIOLO D S,CASTEL J R.Response of Vitis vinifera cv.‘Tempranillo’to partial rootzone drying in the field:Water relations,growth,yield and fruit and wine quality[J].Agric Water Manag,2009,96(2):282-292.
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[11]邵蕾,张民,陈学森,等.控释氮肥对土壤和苹果树氮含量及苹果产量的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(1):43-46.
[12]赵佐平,高义民,刘芬,等.化肥有机肥配施对苹果叶片养分、品质及产量的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(11):2229-2236.
[13]高木旺,聂佩显,孙滢,等.避雨环境下苹果幼树水分状态指标对干旱胁迫的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2459-2466.
[14]陈丽楠,刘秀春,赵锁成,等.水分胁迫对苹果幼树生长及锰积累的影响[J].土壤通报,2013,44(3):556-560.
[15]卢艳,王飞,韩明玉,等.Na Cl胁迫对4种砧穗组合苹果的生长及光合特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(8):106-110.
[16]孙志鸿,魏钦平,杨朝选,等.红富士苹果树冠枝(梢)叶分布与温度、湿度的关系[J].果树学报,2008,25(1):6-11.
[17]杨俊霞,郭宝林,鲁韧强,等.遮荫对美国黑莓生长及光合特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(2):292-294.
[18]杨晓盆,杨伟红,郭晋平,等.遮荫对温室盆栽茶梅光合特性及生长发育的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(3):640-643.
[19]马克群,徐函兵,范宏伟.夏季遮荫对罗汉果生长和净光合速率的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(9):35-37.
[2]束怀瑞.果树栽培生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993.
[3]程述汉.苹果树体结构建造及演化的数学模型研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,1998.
[4]王进鑫,张晓鹏,高保山,等.渭北旱塬红富士苹果需水量与限水灌溉效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(1):69-72.
[5]DOS SANTOS T P,LOPES C M,RODRIGUES M L,et al.Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on cluster microclimate for improving fruit composition of Moscatel field-grown grapevines[J].Sci Horti,2007,112(3):321-330.
[6]SPREER W,NAGLE M,NEIDHART S,et al.Effect of regulated deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying on the quality of mango fruits(Mangifera indica L.,cv.‘Chok Anan’)[J].Agric Water Manag,2007,88(1):173-180.
[7]邹养军,李嘉瑞,魏钦平,等.苹果根系分区灌水的节水机理与控梢促花效应研究[J].节水灌溉,2008(1):5-9.
[8]邹养军,魏钦平,李嘉瑞,等.根系分区灌水对苹果叶片内源激素及生长的影响[J].园艺学报,2006,33(5):1039-1041.
[9]INTRIGLIOLO D S,CASTEL J R.Response of Vitis vinifera cv.‘Tempranillo’to partial rootzone drying in the field:Water relations,growth,yield and fruit and wine quality[J].Agric Water Manag,2009,96(2):282-292.
[10]刘松忠,魏钦平,王小伟,等.苹果根域交替、定位灌水对新梢生长和叶片生理的影响[J].园艺学报,2010,37(11):1721-1728.
[11]邵蕾,张民,陈学森,等.控释氮肥对土壤和苹果树氮含量及苹果产量的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(1):43-46.
[12]赵佐平,高义民,刘芬,等.化肥有机肥配施对苹果叶片养分、品质及产量的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(11):2229-2236.
[13]高木旺,聂佩显,孙滢,等.避雨环境下苹果幼树水分状态指标对干旱胁迫的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2459-2466.
[14]陈丽楠,刘秀春,赵锁成,等.水分胁迫对苹果幼树生长及锰积累的影响[J].土壤通报,2013,44(3):556-560.
[15]卢艳,王飞,韩明玉,等.Na Cl胁迫对4种砧穗组合苹果的生长及光合特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(8):106-110.
[16]孙志鸿,魏钦平,杨朝选,等.红富士苹果树冠枝(梢)叶分布与温度、湿度的关系[J].果树学报,2008,25(1):6-11.
[17]杨俊霞,郭宝林,鲁韧强,等.遮荫对美国黑莓生长及光合特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(2):292-294.
[18]杨晓盆,杨伟红,郭晋平,等.遮荫对温室盆栽茶梅光合特性及生长发育的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(3):640-643.
[19]马克群,徐函兵,范宏伟.夏季遮荫对罗汉果生长和净光合速率的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(9):35-37.