喷施组合型生长调节剂对不同品种小麦冬前分蘖和生长及抗寒性的影响
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摘要
采用大田随机区组试验,比较研究了一种已获得国家发明专利的组合型生长调节剂对不同冬小麦品种(西农979、西农889、郑州831和小偃22)冬前分蘖和生长以及抗寒性的影响。结果表明:在播种后一个半月喷施该生长调节剂能显著提高西农979、西农889及郑州831的冬前分蘖数和地上生物量,但对小偃22的分蘖数和生物量没有显著影响;与未喷施生长调节剂的对照植株相比,在一年中最寒冷的时间,喷施生长调节剂的西农979叶片中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖和淀粉、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量以及SOD和POD活性均显著提高,而丙二醛含量显著降低,但谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸含量没有显著变化,表明喷施该组合型生长调节剂有助于提高西农979的抗寒性能;而对其余三个小麦品种而言,这些与植物抗寒性相关的生理生化指标未受到显著影响。对产量性状分析结果表明,喷施生长调节剂后,西农979、西农889和郑州831的单株成穗数分别提高了19.0%、17.8%和5.3%,单位面积产量分别提高了16.9%、16.2%和5.9%,但是小偃22的产量基本没有受到影响。说明该生长调节剂对不同品种冬小麦的冬前分蘖和生长、抗寒性及产量的效应不同,其中对西农979冬前分蘖和生长以及抗寒能力的提高、还有增产效果最明显,但对小偃22的效应不明显。
Effects of spraying a blended plant growth regulator,which had got the national invention patent,on the tillering,growth,cold-resistance,and yield of different winter wheat varieties( Xinong 979,Xinong 889,Zhengzhou 831,and Xiaoyan 22) were compared in a field experiment. On the 45 th day after sowing,the plant growth regulator was sprayed on the leaf surface. The results showed that the application of the blended plant growth regulator significantly improved the tillering in the winter and increased above-ground biomass of Xinong 979,Xinong 889,and Zhengzhou 831 while only Xiaoyan22's tiller number and biomass were not significantly affected.Meanwhile,the contents of chlorophyll,carotenoid,soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein,free proline,and the activities of SOD and POD in the leaves of Xinong 979 were increased sharply after spraying the plant growth regulator,whereas the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of the control,and glutathione and ascorbic acid contents were not impacted significantly. Hence,the cold-resistance of Xinong 979 was enhanced. For the other three varieties,the physiological and biochemical parameters relating to the cold-resistance were not impacted by the application of the plant growth regulator. In addition,the spike number per plant of Xinong 979,Xinong 889,and Zhengzhou831 were increased by 19.0%,17.8%,and 5.3%,while the yield per hectare increased by 16.9%,16.2%,and5.9%,respectively,but the yield of Xiaoyan 22 was not affected. The results showed that effects of thegrowth regulator on the tillering and growth in the winter,the cold-resistance,and yield varied with wheat varieties. For its application,Xinong 979 is the most suitable wheat variety based on increased tillers and growth in the winter as well as enhanced cold-resistance and improved yield,but its effects on Xiaoyan 22 was negligible.
Effects of spraying a blended plant growth regulator,which had got the national invention patent,on the tillering,growth,cold-resistance,and yield of different winter wheat varieties( Xinong 979,Xinong 889,Zhengzhou 831,and Xiaoyan 22) were compared in a field experiment. On the 45 th day after sowing,the plant growth regulator was sprayed on the leaf surface. The results showed that the application of the blended plant growth regulator significantly improved the tillering in the winter and increased above-ground biomass of Xinong 979,Xinong 889,and Zhengzhou 831 while only Xiaoyan22's tiller number and biomass were not significantly affected.Meanwhile,the contents of chlorophyll,carotenoid,soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein,free proline,and the activities of SOD and POD in the leaves of Xinong 979 were increased sharply after spraying the plant growth regulator,whereas the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of the control,and glutathione and ascorbic acid contents were not impacted significantly. Hence,the cold-resistance of Xinong 979 was enhanced. For the other three varieties,the physiological and biochemical parameters relating to the cold-resistance were not impacted by the application of the plant growth regulator. In addition,the spike number per plant of Xinong 979,Xinong 889,and Zhengzhou831 were increased by 19.0%,17.8%,and 5.3%,while the yield per hectare increased by 16.9%,16.2%,and5.9%,respectively,but the yield of Xiaoyan 22 was not affected. The results showed that effects of thegrowth regulator on the tillering and growth in the winter,the cold-resistance,and yield varied with wheat varieties. For its application,Xinong 979 is the most suitable wheat variety based on increased tillers and growth in the winter as well as enhanced cold-resistance and improved yield,but its effects on Xiaoyan 22 was negligible.
引文
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[8]李阳,程建平,赵锋,等.植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季分蘖萌发和干物质积累的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(24):6154-6156.
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[11] Takei K,Sakakibara H,Taniguchi M,et al. Nitrogen-dependentaccumulation of cytokinins in root and the translocation to leaf:implication of cytokinin species that induces gene expression ofmaize response regulator[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2001,42(1):85-93.
[12] Zhang G P. Gibberellic Acid 3,modifies some growth and physi-ologic effects of paclobutrazol(PP333)on wheat[J]. Journal ofPlant Growth Regulation,1997,16(1):21-25.
[13] Yang W B,Cai T,Ni Y L,et al. Effects of exogenous abscisicacid and gibberellic acid on filling process and nitrogenmetabolism characteristics in wheat grains[J]. Australian Journalof Crop Science,2013,7(1):58-65.
[14] Wang X,Xu C,Cang J,et al. Effects of exogenous GA3onwheat cold tolerance[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science&Tech-nology,2015,17(4):921-934.
[15]刘西平,王洪悦,韩清芳.促进小麦冬前分蘖和顺利越冬的生长调节剂:中国,CN201410138153.2[P].2014-8-6.
[16]王晓琳.不同植物生长调节剂对玉米产量及农艺性状影响效果研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[17]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[18]姜丽娜,尚玉磊,邵云,等.生长调节剂对冬小麦生理指标的影响[J].河南农业科学,2004,(11):3-7.
[19]蒋明洋,商涛,张娟,等.植物生长调节剂对超高产小麦生长发育的效果[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(9):104-105.
[20]李梅,孔祥英,宋早芹,等.植物生长调节剂吨田宝在小麦生产上的示范[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(23):69-70.
[21]刘杨,王强盛,丁艳锋,等.氮素和6-BA对水稻分蘖芽发育的影响及其生理机制[J].作物学报,2009,35(10):1893-1899.
[22]颜立新,唐义军,张贵之.小麦旺长类型及冬春控制栽培技术[J].大麦与谷类科学,2008,4:29-30.
[23]王洪悦.喷施组合型生长调节剂对苗期小麦和玉米生理代谢及生长的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[24]李春喜,赵广才,代西梅,等.小麦分蘖变化动态与内源激素关系的研究[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):963-968.
[2]王世之.小麦分蘖规律及其在生产上的应用(二)[J].植物学杂志,1975,(01):32-34+14.
[3] ArakiH. Studies on the tillering of winter in Hokkaido:IV. Varietaldifference in the effect of tillering time on ear formation and yield[J]. Japanese Journal of Crop Science,2016,85(2):218-222.
[4]钱银飞.控蘖剂对双季超级稻产量品质的影响及其机理研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[5] Liu Y,Ding Y F,Gu D D,et al. The positional effects of auxinand cytokinin on the regulation of rice tiller bud growth[J]. CropScience,2011,51(6):2749-2758.
[6]杨东清.细胞分裂素参与氮素调控小麦分蘖发育的作用机制及构建合理群体结构的化控途径[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[7] Nilanthi D,Inoka K P I,Dissanayaka D M P. Effect of benzylaminopurine and kinetin hormones on vegetative and reproductivegrowth of two sri lankan traditional rice varieties(Oryza sativaL.); suwadal and kahata wee[J]. Tropical Agricultural Research&Extension,2014,17(3):110-114.
[8]李阳,程建平,赵锋,等.植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季分蘖萌发和干物质积累的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(24):6154-6156.
[9]于晶,王兴,苍晶,等.外源6-BA对寒地冬小麦东农冬麦1号抗寒性的影响[J].作物杂志,2012,(2):71-75.
[10] Liu Y,Ding Y,Wang Q,et al. Effects of nitrogen and 6-benzyl-aminopurine on rice tiller bud growth and changes in endogenoushormones and nitrogen[J]. Crop Science,2011,51(2):786-792.
[11] Takei K,Sakakibara H,Taniguchi M,et al. Nitrogen-dependentaccumulation of cytokinins in root and the translocation to leaf:implication of cytokinin species that induces gene expression ofmaize response regulator[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2001,42(1):85-93.
[12] Zhang G P. Gibberellic Acid 3,modifies some growth and physi-ologic effects of paclobutrazol(PP333)on wheat[J]. Journal ofPlant Growth Regulation,1997,16(1):21-25.
[13] Yang W B,Cai T,Ni Y L,et al. Effects of exogenous abscisicacid and gibberellic acid on filling process and nitrogenmetabolism characteristics in wheat grains[J]. Australian Journalof Crop Science,2013,7(1):58-65.
[14] Wang X,Xu C,Cang J,et al. Effects of exogenous GA3onwheat cold tolerance[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science&Tech-nology,2015,17(4):921-934.
[15]刘西平,王洪悦,韩清芳.促进小麦冬前分蘖和顺利越冬的生长调节剂:中国,CN201410138153.2[P].2014-8-6.
[16]王晓琳.不同植物生长调节剂对玉米产量及农艺性状影响效果研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[17]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[18]姜丽娜,尚玉磊,邵云,等.生长调节剂对冬小麦生理指标的影响[J].河南农业科学,2004,(11):3-7.
[19]蒋明洋,商涛,张娟,等.植物生长调节剂对超高产小麦生长发育的效果[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(9):104-105.
[20]李梅,孔祥英,宋早芹,等.植物生长调节剂吨田宝在小麦生产上的示范[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(23):69-70.
[21]刘杨,王强盛,丁艳锋,等.氮素和6-BA对水稻分蘖芽发育的影响及其生理机制[J].作物学报,2009,35(10):1893-1899.
[22]颜立新,唐义军,张贵之.小麦旺长类型及冬春控制栽培技术[J].大麦与谷类科学,2008,4:29-30.
[23]王洪悦.喷施组合型生长调节剂对苗期小麦和玉米生理代谢及生长的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[24]李春喜,赵广才,代西梅,等.小麦分蘖变化动态与内源激素关系的研究[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):963-968.