数字技术赋权与包容性创业——以淘宝村为例
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摘要
以淘宝村为案例,研究了包容性创业中数字技术通过赋权机制对个人和社区能力的影响。研究表明:个人提升了信息与沟通能力、增强了商业意识和能力、人力资本增加以及自尊等心理因素得到改善;对社区而言,整体信息能力提升、经济发展和经济形态发生变化、组织模式(产业链)发生变化、本地文化改变以及社区影响力扩大。包容性创业中的赋权结果体现为个人收入增加、有多种选择、选择自由以及低收入人群被纳入主流经济与文化中,实现了社会公平,体现出包容性。
Based on taobao village'case,this paper studies how digital technology influences individuals and communities in inclusive entrepreneurship.Individuals enhance information and communication capabilities,strength business sense and capacities,raise human capital such as managerial capacity and leadership,and improve psychological factors such as self-esteem;as for communities,the whole information capacity is improved,the economy develops and the economic pattern changes,organizational model(industry chain)alter,local culture transforms,and the impact of the community increases.For the low-income people who involve into inclusive entrepreneurship,the empowerment outcomes are income increase,multiple choice and freedom of choice,as well as being included in the mainstream economy and culture,which manifests social equity and inclusiveness.
Based on taobao village'case,this paper studies how digital technology influences individuals and communities in inclusive entrepreneurship.Individuals enhance information and communication capabilities,strength business sense and capacities,raise human capital such as managerial capacity and leadership,and improve psychological factors such as self-esteem;as for communities,the whole information capacity is improved,the economy develops and the economic pattern changes,organizational model(industry chain)alter,local culture transforms,and the impact of the community increases.For the low-income people who involve into inclusive entrepreneurship,the empowerment outcomes are income increase,multiple choice and freedom of choice,as well as being included in the mainstream economy and culture,which manifests social equity and inclusiveness.
引文
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[18]KLEINE D.ICT4What?Using the choice framework to operationalise the capability approach to development[J].Journal of International Development,2010,22(5):674-692.
[19]EISENHARDT K M,SCHOONHOVEN C B.Organizational growth:linking founding team,strategy,environment,and growth among US.semiconductor ventures,1978-1988[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35:504-529.
[20]YIN RK.Case Study Research:Design and Methods.(2nd ed.)[M].Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage,1994.
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(1)阿里研究院.淘宝村研究微报告2.0.2013.http://www.aliresearch.com/。
(1)阿里研究院,沙集模式调研报告(2011)。http://www.aliresearch.com/。
(2)河北青年报,清河淘宝村八成农户开5000家网店垄断羊绒销售,(2013年7月2日)http://hebei.sina.com.cn/news/interview/2013-07-02/155456874.html。
[2]KARNANI AG.Misfortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid[J].Greener Management International,2007,51:99-110.
[3]REYNOLDS PD,CAMP SM,BYGRAVE WD.Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2001Executive Report[R].London:Babson College,2002.
[4]ARENIUS PIA,AUTIO,ERKKI.Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2003Executive Report[R].Espoo:Helsinki University of Technology,2004.
[5]DABSON B.Rural-urban Interdependence:Why Metropolitan and Rural America Need Each Other[R].Washington:Brookings Institution,2007.
[6]SCHOAR A.The divide between subsistence and transformational entrepreneurship,innovation policy and the economy[J].Innovation Policy and The Economy,2010,10(1):57-81.
[7]GABRIEL V,MONTES ROJAS,LUCAS SIGA.On the nature of micro-entrepreneurship:evidence from Argentina[J].Applied Economics,2009,41:2667-2680.
[8]FRANCK ANJA K.Factors motivating women's informal micro-entrepreneurship[J].International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship,2012,4(1):65-78.
[9]赵西华,周曙东.农民创业现状、影响因素及对策分析[J].江海学刊.2006(1):217-222.
[10]林斐.对90年代回流农村劳动力创业行为的实证研究[J].人口与经济,2004(2):50-54.
[11]OECD.The Missing Entrepreneurs 2014-Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship in Europe[R].Paris:OECD,2014.
[12]LUTTRELL C,QUIROZ S,SCRUTTON C.Understanding and Operationalising Empowerment[R].London:Overseas Development Institute,2009.
[13]ROWLANDS J.Empowerment examined[J].Development Practice,1995,5(2):101-107.
[14]SEN G.Empowerment as an approach to poverty[J].Poverty and Human Development,1997:175-194.
[15]KABEER N.Resources,agency,achievements:reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment[J].Development Change,1999,30(3):435-464.
[16]FREIRE P.Pedagogy of the Oppressed[M].Harmondsworth:Penguin,1970:186.
[17]GIGLER BS.Including the excluded-can ICTs empower poor communities?Towards an alternative evaluation framework based on the capability approach[C].Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Capability Approach,Pennsylvania State University.2004:1-48.
[18]KLEINE D.ICT4What?Using the choice framework to operationalise the capability approach to development[J].Journal of International Development,2010,22(5):674-692.
[19]EISENHARDT K M,SCHOONHOVEN C B.Organizational growth:linking founding team,strategy,environment,and growth among US.semiconductor ventures,1978-1988[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35:504-529.
[20]YIN RK.Case Study Research:Design and Methods.(2nd ed.)[M].Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage,1994.
[21]CHAMPBERS R.Editorial:responsible well-Being:a personal agenda for development[J].World Development,1997,25(11):1743-1754.
(1)阿里研究院.淘宝村研究微报告2.0.2013.http://www.aliresearch.com/。
(1)阿里研究院,沙集模式调研报告(2011)。http://www.aliresearch.com/。
(2)河北青年报,清河淘宝村八成农户开5000家网店垄断羊绒销售,(2013年7月2日)http://hebei.sina.com.cn/news/interview/2013-07-02/155456874.html。