不同围压下岩石广义应力松弛特性试验研究
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摘要
实际工程中有些岩体发生的流变性既不是纯蠕变又不是纯应力松弛,表现为应力和应变同时发生变化。利用可视化三轴压缩伺服控制试验系统,研究了不同围压条件下岩石的广义应力松弛特性,试验结果表明,岩石存在应变及应力同时增大、应变增大而应力减小、应变及应力都减小的情况,岩石蠕变和应力松弛行为属于岩石广义应力松弛现象的特例;在不同情况下的广义应力松弛过程中围压对岩石广义应力松弛特性的影响不甚相同,岩石轴向应变增大时围压越高岩石试件轴向变形越困难,岩石应变减小时围压越高岩石试件变形越明显。采用广义应力松弛试验方法,开展单轴及三轴压缩荷载作用下岩石广义应力松弛试验研究,对不同情况下岩石广义应力松弛特性的围压效应进行对比分析,以期对后期开展更深入的三轴广义应力松弛试验研究具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。
In practice, rock mass is neither subjected to pure creep of pure relaxation but to a stress-strain synchronously varies with the lapse of time. Using the visual triaxial compression servo-control test system, the generalized stress relaxation tests are carried out under different confining pressures in different regions including creep and relaxation. The experimental results show that there is different conditions of strain and stress in rock mass, which include strain and stress increase at the same time, strain increase but stress decrease, strain and stress decrease at the same time; creep and relaxation are special cases of generalized stress relaxation of rock. Confining pressure effects of rock mass depend on the condition of generalized stress relaxation; confining pressure curbs the deformation in the condition of axial deformation increasing; and confining pressure promotes the deformation in the condition of axial deformation decreasing. In this paper, the study of generalized relaxation test under triaxial stress is carried out using the generalized stress relaxation test. And the generalized stress relaxation characteristics of the rock under confining pressure are compared and analyzed, so as to provide some guiding and reference significance for the further study of triaxial generalized stress relaxation test.
In practice, rock mass is neither subjected to pure creep of pure relaxation but to a stress-strain synchronously varies with the lapse of time. Using the visual triaxial compression servo-control test system, the generalized stress relaxation tests are carried out under different confining pressures in different regions including creep and relaxation. The experimental results show that there is different conditions of strain and stress in rock mass, which include strain and stress increase at the same time, strain increase but stress decrease, strain and stress decrease at the same time; creep and relaxation are special cases of generalized stress relaxation of rock. Confining pressure effects of rock mass depend on the condition of generalized stress relaxation; confining pressure curbs the deformation in the condition of axial deformation increasing; and confining pressure promotes the deformation in the condition of axial deformation decreasing. In this paper, the study of generalized relaxation test under triaxial stress is carried out using the generalized stress relaxation test. And the generalized stress relaxation characteristics of the rock under confining pressure are compared and analyzed, so as to provide some guiding and reference significance for the further study of triaxial generalized stress relaxation test.
引文
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[15]熊军民,李作勤.黏土的蠕变–松弛试验耦合[J].岩土力学,1993,14(4):17-24.XIONG Jun-min,LI Zuo-qin.Creep-stress relaxation coupling experimental study in clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1993,14(4):17-24.
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[17]FUKUI K,OKUBO S,NISHIMATSU Y.Generalized relaxation behaviour of rock under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan,1992,108(7):543-548.
[18]OKUBO S,ZHANG Hai-long,XU Jiang.Numerical simulation on generalized relaxation of sanjome andesite[J].Journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan,2014,130(8):428-433.
[19]HASHIBA K,FUKUI K.Time-dependent behaviors of granite:Loading-rate dependence,creep,and relaxation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2016,49(7):2569-2580.
[20]张海龙,许江,大久保诚介,等.河津凝灰岩广义应力松弛特性及数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):1-8.ZHANG Hai-long,XU Jiang,OKUBO Seisuke,et al.Generalized relaxation properties and numerical simulation of Kawazu tuff[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):1-8.
[2]杨圣奇.岩石流变力学特性研究及其工程应用[D].南京:河海大学,20006.YANG Sheng-qi.Study on rheological mechanical properties of rock and its engineering applications[D].Nanjing:Ho Hai University,20006.
[3]孙均,王贵君.岩石流变力学的若干进展[C]//中国岩石力学与工程——世纪成就.南京:河海大学出版社,2004:123-146.SUN Jun,WANG Gui-jun.Some progress on study of rock rheological mechanics[C]//Rock Mechanics and Engineering in China–the Centurial Achievements.Nanjing:Hohai University Press,2004:123-146.
[4]尹光志,何兵,王浩,等.深部采动影响下覆岩蠕变损伤破坏规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1390-1395.YIN Guang-zhi,HE Bing,WANG Hao,et al.Damage law of overlying rock induced by mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1390-1395.
[5]徐卫亚,杨圣奇,杨松林,等.绿片岩三轴流变力学特性的研究(Ⅰ):试验结果[J].岩土力学,2005,26(4):531-537.XU Wei-ya,YANG Sheng-qi,YANG Song-lin,et al.Investigation on triaxial rheological mechanical properties of greenschist specimen(I):Experimental results[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(4):531-537.
[6]徐卫亚,杨圣奇,谢守益,等.绿片岩三轴流变力学特性的研究(Ⅱ):模型分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(5):693-698.XU Wei-ya,YANG Sheng-qi,XIE Shou-yi,et al.Investigation on triaxial rheological mechanical properties of greenschist specimen(II):Model analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(5):693-698.
[7]刘江,杨春和,吴文,等盐岩蠕变特性和本构关系研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(8):1267-1271.LIU Jiang,YANG Chun-he,WU Wen,et al.Study on creep characteristics and constitutive relation of rock salt[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(8):1267-1271.
[8]赵旭峰,孙均.海底隧道风化花岗岩流变试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2):403-406.ZHAO Xu-feng,SUN Jun.Testing study of rheological characteristics of weathered granite in undersea tunnel project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(2):403-406.
[9]王登科,刘建,尹光志,等.三轴压缩下含瓦斯煤样蠕变特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):349-357.WANG Deng-ke,LIU Jian,YIN Guang-zhi,et al.Test study of creep properties of gas-bearing coal specimens under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):349-357.
[10]张治亮,徐卫亚,王伟.向家坝水电站坝基挤压带岩石三轴蠕变试验及非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):132-140.ZHANG Zhi-liang,XU Wei-ya,WANG Wei.Study of triaxial creep tests and its nonlinear visco-elastoplastic creep model of rock from compressive zone of dam foundation in xiangjiaba hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):132-140.
[11]于怀昌,董金玉,刘汉东,等.粉砂质泥岩峰前、峰后应力松弛特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增刊1):2663-2672.YU Huai-chang,DONG Jin-yu,LIU Han-dong,et al.Experimental study of pre-peak stress relaxation behavior of silty mudstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):2663-2672.
[12]王保军,刘新荣,郭建强,等.盐岩蠕变特性及其非线性本构模型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):445-451.WANG Bao-jun,LIU Xin-rong,GUO Jian-qiang,et al.Creep properties of salt rock and its nonlinear constitutive model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(3):445-451.
[13]于怀昌,周敏,刘汉东,等.粉砂质泥岩三轴压缩应力松弛特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):803-811.YU Huai-chang,ZHOU Min,LIU Han-dong,et al.Experimental investigation on stress relaxation properties of silty mudstone under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(4):803-811.
[14]王影冲,王鼎,郝圣旺.混凝土蠕变与应力松弛耦合破坏及临界幂律行为[J].工程力学,2016,33(增刊1):49-55.WANG Ying-chong,WANG Ding,HAO Sheng-wang.Creep-stress relaxation coupling failure in concrete and its critical power-law behavior[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(Supp.l):49-55.
[15]熊军民,李作勤.黏土的蠕变–松弛试验耦合[J].岩土力学,1993,14(4):17-24.XIONG Jun-min,LI Zuo-qin.Creep-stress relaxation coupling experimental study in clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1993,14(4):17-24.
[16]李军世.黏土蠕变–应力松弛耦合效应的数值探讨[J].岩土力学,2001,22(3):294-297.LI Jun-shi.Numerical discussion on coupled effects of creep and stress relaxation of clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(3):294-297.
[17]FUKUI K,OKUBO S,NISHIMATSU Y.Generalized relaxation behaviour of rock under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan,1992,108(7):543-548.
[18]OKUBO S,ZHANG Hai-long,XU Jiang.Numerical simulation on generalized relaxation of sanjome andesite[J].Journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan,2014,130(8):428-433.
[19]HASHIBA K,FUKUI K.Time-dependent behaviors of granite:Loading-rate dependence,creep,and relaxation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2016,49(7):2569-2580.
[20]张海龙,许江,大久保诚介,等.河津凝灰岩广义应力松弛特性及数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):1-8.ZHANG Hai-long,XU Jiang,OKUBO Seisuke,et al.Generalized relaxation properties and numerical simulation of Kawazu tuff[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):1-8.