亚麻木酚素对动脉粥样硬化的改善作用研究进展
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摘要
木酚素是一种植物雌激素,存在于多种植物中,亚麻籽中含量最高。研究表明亚麻木酚素具有降低血脂、预防心血管疾病、抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎以及抗动脉粥样硬化(AS)等多种生理功能。虽然关于其抗AS的作用已有相关报道,但具体机制还有待进一步研究。AS是发生于动脉的多发性、慢性、炎症性疾病。目前关于其发病的确切机制尚不明确,但有研究表明高血脂、高血压、高血糖、氧化应激以及炎症反应等都是AS的危险因素。主要对亚麻木酚素对AS的改善作用进行综述,以期为亚麻木酚素功能性食品的研究开发提供借鉴。
Lignan is a kind of phytoestrogen,and it is found in most of plants with flaxseed as the richest source. Studies showed that flaxseed lignan has various physiological functions such as blood lipids lowering,cardiovascular problems prevention,antioxidation,anticancer,anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerosis. Even though there are a few articles about the effects of flaxseed lignans on antiatherosclerosis,the mechanisms of the effects remains to be further studied. Atherosclerosis is multiple,chronic and inflammatory disease,which occurs at the artery. Even though the exact mechanisms of its pathogenesis is still unknown,many studies reveal that hyperlipidemia,hypertension,hyperglycemia,oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction are risk factors of atherosclerosis. The improvement of flaxseed lignan on atherosclerosis was reviewed to provide guidance for the development of flaxseed lignan functional food.
Lignan is a kind of phytoestrogen,and it is found in most of plants with flaxseed as the richest source. Studies showed that flaxseed lignan has various physiological functions such as blood lipids lowering,cardiovascular problems prevention,antioxidation,anticancer,anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerosis. Even though there are a few articles about the effects of flaxseed lignans on antiatherosclerosis,the mechanisms of the effects remains to be further studied. Atherosclerosis is multiple,chronic and inflammatory disease,which occurs at the artery. Even though the exact mechanisms of its pathogenesis is still unknown,many studies reveal that hyperlipidemia,hypertension,hyperglycemia,oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction are risk factors of atherosclerosis. The improvement of flaxseed lignan on atherosclerosis was reviewed to provide guidance for the development of flaxseed lignan functional food.
引文
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[3]ZANWAR A,HEGDE M,BODHANKAR S.Cardioprotective activity of flax lignan concentrate extracted from seeds of Linum usitatissimum in isoprenalin induced myocardial necrosis in rats[J].Interdisciplinary Toxicol,2011,4(2):90-97.
[4]DJERIC M,STOKIC E,VUCKOVIC B,et al.Lipids and atherosclerosis[J].Jugoslav Med Biohem,2006,25(4):325-333.
[5]LIBBY P,RIDKER P M,HANSSON G K.Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis[J].Nature,2011,473(7347):317-325.
[6]MOORE K J,SHEEDY F J,FISHER E A.Macrophages in atherosclerosis:a dynamic balance[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2013,13(10):709-721.
[7]ADOLPHE J L,WHITING S J,JUURLINKB H J,et al.Health effects with consumption of the flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside[J].Brit J Nutr,2010,103(7):929-938.
[8]IMRAN M,AHMAD N,ANJUMF M,et al.Potential protective properties of flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside[J].Nutr J,2015,14(1):1-7.
[9]TOURE A,XUEMING X.Flaxseed lignans:source,biosynthesis,metabolism,antioxidant activity,bioactive components,and health benefits[J].Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf,2010,9(3):261-269.
[10]JUNGESTROM M B,THOMPSON L U,DABROSIN C.Flaxseed and its lignans inhibit estradiol-induced growth,angiogenesis,and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer xenografts in vivo[J].Clin Cancer Res,2007,13(3):1061-1067.
[11]DUPASQUIER C M C,DIBROV E,KNEESH A L,et al.Dietary flaxseed inhibits atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor-deficient mouse in part through antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory actions[J].Am J Physiol-Heart C,2007,293(4):2394-2402.
[12]PRASAD K.Flax lignan complex slows down the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits[J].J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther,2009,14(1):38-48.
[13]ZHANG W,WANG X,LIU Y,et al.Dietary flaxseed lignan extract lowers plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects[J].Brit J Nutr,2008,99(6):1301-1309.
[14]AL-JUMAILY E F,AUOKTY Z A.Reduction of serum hypercholesterolenic in male rabbits by secoisolaricire-sinol diglucoside(Lignan)isolated from flaxseed[J].Trends Life Sci,2012,1(1):6-11.
[15]PARK J B,VELASQUEZ M T.Potential effects of lignan-enriched flaxseed powder on bodyweight,visceral fat,lipid profile,and blood pressure in rats[J].Fitoterapia,2012,83(5):941-946.
[16]ZANWAR A A,HEGDE M V,RPIAKAR S R,et al.Antihyperlipidemic activity of concomitant administration of methanolic fraction of flax lignan concentrate and omega-3-fatty acid in poloxamer-407 induced experimental hyperlipidemia[J].Ind Crop Prod,2014,52:656-663.
[17]FUKUMITSU S,AIDA K,SHIMIZU H,et al.Flaxseed lignan lowers blood cholesterol and decreases liver disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic men[J].Nutr Res,2010,30(7):441-446.
[18]FELMLEE M A,WOO G,SIMKO E,et al.Effects of the flaxseed lignans secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and its aglycone on serum and hepatic lipids in hyperlipidaemic rats[J].Brit J Nutr,2009,102(3):361-369.
[19]MASUDA T,AKIYAMA J,FUJIMOTO A,et al.Antioxidation reaction mechanism studies of phenolic lignans,identification of antioxidation products of secoisolariciresinol from lipid oxidation[J].Food Chem,2010,123(2):442-450.
[20]NEWAIRYA S A,ABDOU H M.Protective role of flax lignans against lead acetate induced oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in rats[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2009,47(4):813-818.
[21]PUUKILA S.The effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside on oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiac iron overload[D].Thunder Bay:Lakehead University,2012.
[22]PUUKILA S,BRYAN S,LAAKSO A,et al.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside abrogates oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiac iron overload condition[J].Plos One,2015,10(3):1-16.
[23]PRASAD K.Oxidative stress as a mechanism of diabetes in diabetic BB prone rats:effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)[J].Mol Cell Biochem,2000,209(1/2):89-96.
[24]HALIGA R,MOCANU V,BADESCU M.Antioxidative and antiatherogenic effects of flaxseed,α-tocopherol and their combination in diabetic hamsters fed with a high-fat diet[J].Exp Ther Med,2015,9(2):533-538.
[25]PAN A,DEMARK-WAHNEFRIED W,YE X,et al.Effects of a flaxseed-derived lignan supplement on Creactive protein,IL-6 and retinol-binding protein 4 in type 2 diabetic patients[J].Brit J Nutr,2009,101(8):1145-1149.
[26]PELLEGRINI N,VALTUNENA S,ARDIGO D,et al.Intake of the plant lignans matairesinol,secoisolariciresinol,pinoresinol,and lariciresinol in relation to vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in middle age-elderly men and post-menopausal women living in Northern Italy[J].Nutr Metab Cardiovasc,2010,20(1):64-71.
[27]PRASAD K.Antihypertensive activity of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)isolated from flaxseed:role of guanylate cyclase[J].Int J Angiol,2004,13(1):7-14.
[28]PRASAD K.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)isolated from flaxseed,an alternative to ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension[J].Int J Angiol,2013,22(4):235-238.
[29]RODRIGUEZ-LEYVA D,WEIGHELL W,EDEL A L,et al.Potent antihypertensive action of dietary flaxseed in hypertensive patients[J].Hypertension,2013,62(6):1081-1089.
[30]MOREE S S,KAVISHANKAR G B,RAJESHA J.Antidiabetic effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[J].Phytomedicine,2013,20(3):237-245.
[31]WANG Y,FOFANA B,ROY M,et al.Flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside improves insulin sensitivity through upregulation of GLUT4 expression in diet-induced obese mice[J].J Funct Foods,2015,18:1-9.
[32]SHERIF I O.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats:a possible renoprotective effect[J].J Physiol Biochem,2014,70(4):961-969.
[33]PAN A,SUN J,CHEN Y,et al.Effects of a flaxseedderived lignan supplement in type 2 diabetic patients:a randomized,double-blind,cross-over trial[J].Plos One,2007,2(11):1-7.
[34]HANO C,RENOUARD S,MOLINIE R,et al.Flaxseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)extract as well as(+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and its mammalian derivatives are potent inhibitors ofα-amylase activity[J].Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2013,23(10):3007-3012.
[35]BIASIOTTO G,PENZA M,ZANELLA I,et al.Oilseeds ameliorate metabolic parameters in male mice,while contained lignans inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in vitro[J].Eur J Nutr,2014,53(8):1685-1697.
[36]BARRE D E,MIZIER-BARRE K A,STELMACH E,et al.Flaxseed lignan complex administration in older human type 2 diabetics manages central obesity and prothrombosis—an invitation to further investigation into polypharmacy reduction[J].J Nutr Metab,2012(2):1-7.
[37]HUTCHINS A M,BROWN B D,CUNNANE S C,et al.Daily flaxseed consumption improves glycemic control in obese men and women with pre-diabetes:a randomized study[J].Nutr Res,2013,33(5):367-375.
[38]RHEE Y,BRUNT A.Flaxseed supplementation improved insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people:a randomized crossover design[J].Nutr J,2011,10(10):1-7.
[39]DAVIGNON J,GANZ P.Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis[J].Circulation,2004,109(23 suppl1):27-32.
[40]DALEPRANE J B,BATISTA A,PACHECO J T,et al.Dietary flaxseed supplementation improves endothelial function in the mesenteric arterial bed[J].Food Res Int,2010,43(8):2052-2056.
[41]HALIGA R,MOCANU V,BADESCE M.Flaxseed have beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in experimental atherosclerosis[J].Annals Roman Soc Cell Biol,2013,18(2):91-97.
[42]FUKUMITSU S,AIDA K,UENO N,et al.Flaxseed lignan attenuates high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and induces adiponectin expression in mice[J].Brit J Nutr,2008,100(3):669-676.
[2]PENUMATHSA S V,KONERU S,THIRUNAVUKKARASU M,et al.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside:relevance to angiogenesis and cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury[J].J Pharmacol Exp Ther,2007,320(2):951-959.
[3]ZANWAR A,HEGDE M,BODHANKAR S.Cardioprotective activity of flax lignan concentrate extracted from seeds of Linum usitatissimum in isoprenalin induced myocardial necrosis in rats[J].Interdisciplinary Toxicol,2011,4(2):90-97.
[4]DJERIC M,STOKIC E,VUCKOVIC B,et al.Lipids and atherosclerosis[J].Jugoslav Med Biohem,2006,25(4):325-333.
[5]LIBBY P,RIDKER P M,HANSSON G K.Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis[J].Nature,2011,473(7347):317-325.
[6]MOORE K J,SHEEDY F J,FISHER E A.Macrophages in atherosclerosis:a dynamic balance[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2013,13(10):709-721.
[7]ADOLPHE J L,WHITING S J,JUURLINKB H J,et al.Health effects with consumption of the flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside[J].Brit J Nutr,2010,103(7):929-938.
[8]IMRAN M,AHMAD N,ANJUMF M,et al.Potential protective properties of flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside[J].Nutr J,2015,14(1):1-7.
[9]TOURE A,XUEMING X.Flaxseed lignans:source,biosynthesis,metabolism,antioxidant activity,bioactive components,and health benefits[J].Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf,2010,9(3):261-269.
[10]JUNGESTROM M B,THOMPSON L U,DABROSIN C.Flaxseed and its lignans inhibit estradiol-induced growth,angiogenesis,and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer xenografts in vivo[J].Clin Cancer Res,2007,13(3):1061-1067.
[11]DUPASQUIER C M C,DIBROV E,KNEESH A L,et al.Dietary flaxseed inhibits atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor-deficient mouse in part through antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory actions[J].Am J Physiol-Heart C,2007,293(4):2394-2402.
[12]PRASAD K.Flax lignan complex slows down the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits[J].J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther,2009,14(1):38-48.
[13]ZHANG W,WANG X,LIU Y,et al.Dietary flaxseed lignan extract lowers plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects[J].Brit J Nutr,2008,99(6):1301-1309.
[14]AL-JUMAILY E F,AUOKTY Z A.Reduction of serum hypercholesterolenic in male rabbits by secoisolaricire-sinol diglucoside(Lignan)isolated from flaxseed[J].Trends Life Sci,2012,1(1):6-11.
[15]PARK J B,VELASQUEZ M T.Potential effects of lignan-enriched flaxseed powder on bodyweight,visceral fat,lipid profile,and blood pressure in rats[J].Fitoterapia,2012,83(5):941-946.
[16]ZANWAR A A,HEGDE M V,RPIAKAR S R,et al.Antihyperlipidemic activity of concomitant administration of methanolic fraction of flax lignan concentrate and omega-3-fatty acid in poloxamer-407 induced experimental hyperlipidemia[J].Ind Crop Prod,2014,52:656-663.
[17]FUKUMITSU S,AIDA K,SHIMIZU H,et al.Flaxseed lignan lowers blood cholesterol and decreases liver disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic men[J].Nutr Res,2010,30(7):441-446.
[18]FELMLEE M A,WOO G,SIMKO E,et al.Effects of the flaxseed lignans secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and its aglycone on serum and hepatic lipids in hyperlipidaemic rats[J].Brit J Nutr,2009,102(3):361-369.
[19]MASUDA T,AKIYAMA J,FUJIMOTO A,et al.Antioxidation reaction mechanism studies of phenolic lignans,identification of antioxidation products of secoisolariciresinol from lipid oxidation[J].Food Chem,2010,123(2):442-450.
[20]NEWAIRYA S A,ABDOU H M.Protective role of flax lignans against lead acetate induced oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in rats[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2009,47(4):813-818.
[21]PUUKILA S.The effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside on oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiac iron overload[D].Thunder Bay:Lakehead University,2012.
[22]PUUKILA S,BRYAN S,LAAKSO A,et al.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside abrogates oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiac iron overload condition[J].Plos One,2015,10(3):1-16.
[23]PRASAD K.Oxidative stress as a mechanism of diabetes in diabetic BB prone rats:effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)[J].Mol Cell Biochem,2000,209(1/2):89-96.
[24]HALIGA R,MOCANU V,BADESCU M.Antioxidative and antiatherogenic effects of flaxseed,α-tocopherol and their combination in diabetic hamsters fed with a high-fat diet[J].Exp Ther Med,2015,9(2):533-538.
[25]PAN A,DEMARK-WAHNEFRIED W,YE X,et al.Effects of a flaxseed-derived lignan supplement on Creactive protein,IL-6 and retinol-binding protein 4 in type 2 diabetic patients[J].Brit J Nutr,2009,101(8):1145-1149.
[26]PELLEGRINI N,VALTUNENA S,ARDIGO D,et al.Intake of the plant lignans matairesinol,secoisolariciresinol,pinoresinol,and lariciresinol in relation to vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in middle age-elderly men and post-menopausal women living in Northern Italy[J].Nutr Metab Cardiovasc,2010,20(1):64-71.
[27]PRASAD K.Antihypertensive activity of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)isolated from flaxseed:role of guanylate cyclase[J].Int J Angiol,2004,13(1):7-14.
[28]PRASAD K.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)isolated from flaxseed,an alternative to ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension[J].Int J Angiol,2013,22(4):235-238.
[29]RODRIGUEZ-LEYVA D,WEIGHELL W,EDEL A L,et al.Potent antihypertensive action of dietary flaxseed in hypertensive patients[J].Hypertension,2013,62(6):1081-1089.
[30]MOREE S S,KAVISHANKAR G B,RAJESHA J.Antidiabetic effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[J].Phytomedicine,2013,20(3):237-245.
[31]WANG Y,FOFANA B,ROY M,et al.Flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside improves insulin sensitivity through upregulation of GLUT4 expression in diet-induced obese mice[J].J Funct Foods,2015,18:1-9.
[32]SHERIF I O.Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats:a possible renoprotective effect[J].J Physiol Biochem,2014,70(4):961-969.
[33]PAN A,SUN J,CHEN Y,et al.Effects of a flaxseedderived lignan supplement in type 2 diabetic patients:a randomized,double-blind,cross-over trial[J].Plos One,2007,2(11):1-7.
[34]HANO C,RENOUARD S,MOLINIE R,et al.Flaxseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)extract as well as(+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and its mammalian derivatives are potent inhibitors ofα-amylase activity[J].Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2013,23(10):3007-3012.
[35]BIASIOTTO G,PENZA M,ZANELLA I,et al.Oilseeds ameliorate metabolic parameters in male mice,while contained lignans inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in vitro[J].Eur J Nutr,2014,53(8):1685-1697.
[36]BARRE D E,MIZIER-BARRE K A,STELMACH E,et al.Flaxseed lignan complex administration in older human type 2 diabetics manages central obesity and prothrombosis—an invitation to further investigation into polypharmacy reduction[J].J Nutr Metab,2012(2):1-7.
[37]HUTCHINS A M,BROWN B D,CUNNANE S C,et al.Daily flaxseed consumption improves glycemic control in obese men and women with pre-diabetes:a randomized study[J].Nutr Res,2013,33(5):367-375.
[38]RHEE Y,BRUNT A.Flaxseed supplementation improved insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people:a randomized crossover design[J].Nutr J,2011,10(10):1-7.
[39]DAVIGNON J,GANZ P.Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis[J].Circulation,2004,109(23 suppl1):27-32.
[40]DALEPRANE J B,BATISTA A,PACHECO J T,et al.Dietary flaxseed supplementation improves endothelial function in the mesenteric arterial bed[J].Food Res Int,2010,43(8):2052-2056.
[41]HALIGA R,MOCANU V,BADESCE M.Flaxseed have beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in experimental atherosclerosis[J].Annals Roman Soc Cell Biol,2013,18(2):91-97.
[42]FUKUMITSU S,AIDA K,UENO N,et al.Flaxseed lignan attenuates high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and induces adiponectin expression in mice[J].Brit J Nutr,2008,100(3):669-676.