联合收割机生产率计算模型与适宜作业路线分析
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摘要
提高农业机械生产率可大大节约农业生产成本。本文将田间试验与数值模拟相结合,首先在综合分析收割机作业时间构成的基础上,构建了不同作业路线下收割机生产率计算模型;其次实测了3种型号收割机在不同田块条件下整个收割过程中各个作业环节的时间及其工作特性参数;最后基于计算模型和实测参数,采用MATLAB进行编程,模拟分析了不同型号收割机、作业路线和田块面积下收割机生产率的变化规律。结果表明,收割机生产率随田块长宽比、田块面积和割台幅宽的增大而增大;采用"回"形和"U"形相结合的收割机作业路线,可提高收割机生产率8%以上。该结果可为农机实际作业路线选择和农田系统优化布局提供参考。
Agricultural mechanization is an important part of the agricultural modernization, mechanization of crop harvesting is an important link of agricultural mechanization, increasing productivity of agricultural machinery can greatly reduce the cost of agricultural production. In this thesis, field trial and numerical simulation were adopted to find agricultural machinery working routes with higher harvesting productivity. First of all, the "U"-shape working route, the "concentric square" working route, and the "concentric square" and "U"-shape combined operation modes were selected from the commonly used harvesting routes. These routes were combine harvester operating routes with higher theoretical productivity without repeated routes. Secondly, the working time composition of the combine harvester was comprehensively analyzed. The running time of the combine harvester consisted of 3 parts: non-constant speed driving time(including the combine harvester entering the farmland, driving out of the farmland, decelerating before turning, accelerating after turning), constant speed driving time and total turning time. The total running time of the combine harvester was the sum of the running time of each part. On this basis, the productivity calculation model of the combine harvester under different running routes was built. In order to obtain the time parameters of each part, 3 kinds of combines with different power and header width were selected as test objects, the operation process was tracked, and the agricultural machinery operation was recorded when 3 different operation routes were used in different specifications field. Finally, 3 working route models including calculation models and measurement parameters were written by MATLAB. In the numerical simulation, 3 models, 3 operating routes, 2 field sizes, and different aspect ratios were considered, for a total of 474 combinations, MATLAB program was used to simulate the productivity of the combine harvester under all experimental combinations. The results showed that the main factors affecting the production capacity of the combine harvester were its type and working route, the field area and the aspect ratio. The productivity of the harvester could be improved by appropriately increasing the field area, aspect ratio and working width of the harvester. Within the scope of the simulation conditions, the "concentric square" and "U"-shape combined operation modes could increase the productivity of the combine harvester by more than 8%. The research results can provide some technical references for the practical path selection of agricultural machinery and the optimal layout of farmland systems.
Agricultural mechanization is an important part of the agricultural modernization, mechanization of crop harvesting is an important link of agricultural mechanization, increasing productivity of agricultural machinery can greatly reduce the cost of agricultural production. In this thesis, field trial and numerical simulation were adopted to find agricultural machinery working routes with higher harvesting productivity. First of all, the "U"-shape working route, the "concentric square" working route, and the "concentric square" and "U"-shape combined operation modes were selected from the commonly used harvesting routes. These routes were combine harvester operating routes with higher theoretical productivity without repeated routes. Secondly, the working time composition of the combine harvester was comprehensively analyzed. The running time of the combine harvester consisted of 3 parts: non-constant speed driving time(including the combine harvester entering the farmland, driving out of the farmland, decelerating before turning, accelerating after turning), constant speed driving time and total turning time. The total running time of the combine harvester was the sum of the running time of each part. On this basis, the productivity calculation model of the combine harvester under different running routes was built. In order to obtain the time parameters of each part, 3 kinds of combines with different power and header width were selected as test objects, the operation process was tracked, and the agricultural machinery operation was recorded when 3 different operation routes were used in different specifications field. Finally, 3 working route models including calculation models and measurement parameters were written by MATLAB. In the numerical simulation, 3 models, 3 operating routes, 2 field sizes, and different aspect ratios were considered, for a total of 474 combinations, MATLAB program was used to simulate the productivity of the combine harvester under all experimental combinations. The results showed that the main factors affecting the production capacity of the combine harvester were its type and working route, the field area and the aspect ratio. The productivity of the harvester could be improved by appropriately increasing the field area, aspect ratio and working width of the harvester. Within the scope of the simulation conditions, the "concentric square" and "U"-shape combined operation modes could increase the productivity of the combine harvester by more than 8%. The research results can provide some technical references for the practical path selection of agricultural machinery and the optimal layout of farmland systems.
引文
[1]Veerangouda M,Sushilendr A,Parkashh K V,et al.Performance evaluation of tractor operated combine harvest er[J].Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2010,23(2):282-285.
[2]Vahedi A,Ghasempour A M.Farm study of harvester machinery performance in rice harvesting operation and com parison with traditional method[J].Ecology,Environment&Conservation,2008(14):667-672.
[3]陈树人,卢强,仇华铮.基于LabVIEW的谷物联合收获机割台振动测试分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(S1):86-89,98.Chen Shuren,Lu Qiang,Qiu Huazheng.Header vibration analysis of grain combine harvester based on labVIEW[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(S1):86-89,98.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]徐立章,李耀明,孙朋朋,等.履带式全喂入水稻联合收获机振动测试与分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):49-55.Xu Lizhang,Li Yaoming,Sun Pengpeng,et al.Vibration measurement and analysis of tracked-whole feeding rice combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(8):49-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]王志.联合收割机可靠性问题的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(2):44-46.Wang Zhi.Reliability Improvement of a Combine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery.2002,33(2):44-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Baruah D C,Panesar B S.Energy requirement model for a combine harvester,Part 1:Development of component models[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,90(1):9-25.
[7]Baruah D C,Panesar B S.Energy requirement model forcombine harvester.Part 2:Integration of component models[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,90(2):161-171.
[8]王福林,戴有忠.农业机器系统配备的线性规划法的建模方法改进与分析[J].农机化研究,1988(3):5-9.Wang Fulin,Dai Youzhong.Improvement and analysis of the linear programming method for the agricultural machine system[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,1988(3):5-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]王金武,杨广林.三江平原地区水稻联合收割机选型问题的研究[J].农机化研究,2005,27(3):59-61.Wang Jinwu,Yang Guanglin.Study on the selection of the rice combine in the Sanjiang plain region[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2005,27(3):59-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]马力,王福林,张浩.农机系统优化配备研究面临的新问题[J].农机化研究,2009,31(8):231-234.Ma Li,Wang Fulin,Zhang Hao.The new problems of the farm machinery system optimization study[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(8):231-234.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]周应朝,高焕文.农业机器优化配备的新方法:非线性规划综合配备法[J].农业机械学报,1988,19(1):43-50.Zhou Yingchao,Gao Huanwen.New algorithms for the optimum disposition of farm machines:Integrated disposition algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1988,19(1):43-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]刘存香,刘学军.可拓评价方法在农机选型评价中的应用[J].农机化研究,2009,31(12):183-185.Liu Cunxiang,Liu Xuejun.Appliance on evaluation of selection for agricultural machinery based on extension evaluation method[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(12):183-185.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]乔金友,张晓丹,王奕娇,等.规模化大豆产区大豆联合收获机综合评价与优选[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(8):124-128.Qiao Jinyou,Zhang Xiaodan,Wang Yijiao,et al.Evaluation and selection on soybean combines in large-scale planting area[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2014,45(8):124-128.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]黄玉祥,郭康权,朱瑞祥,等.基于证据理论的农业机械选型风险因素评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):135-141.Huang Yuxiang,Guo Kangquan,Zhu Ruixiang,et al.Method for evaluating the risk of selecting types of agricultural machinery based on evidence theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(4):135-141.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Gonzalez X P,Alvarze C J,Recente R C.Evaluation of land disteibutions with joint regard to plot size and shape[J].Agricultural Systems,2004,82(1):31-43.
[16]土地改良事业计划设计标准(水田)基准书[M].日本,农业土木学会,2012.
[17]余友泰.农业机械化工程[M].北京:中国展望出版社,1987.
[18]高焕文.农业机械化生产学:上册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:28-29.
[19]Gao Huanwen,Hunt D R.Optimum combine fleet selection with power-based models[J].Transaction of the ASAE,1985(12):45-48.
[20]孔德刚,常晓慧,张帅,等.大马力拖拉机作业机组故障的调查分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(10):109-114.Kong Degang,Chang Xiaohui,Zhang Shuai,et al.Investigation and analysis on fault of large horsepower tractor operating units[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2009,40(10):109-114.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]万鹤群,孟繁琪,王友权,等.确定机群最佳服务面积及根据服务面积选择合理机群结构的方法[J].农业机械学报,1984,6(15):77-80.Wan Hequn,Meng Fanqi,Wang Youquan,et al.Methods to determine optimum service area for certain farm machinery group and to select reasonable group for given service area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1984,6(15):77-80.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]杜兵.农机作业班时间构成项目分类的分析及改进[J].北京农业工程大学学报,1995,15(1):64-68.Du Bing.Analysis and improvement of current classification of time in shift[J].Journal of Beijing Agricultural Engineering University,1995,15(1):64-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]陈丽能.拖拉机田间作业的最佳功率[J].农业机械学报,1986,17(2):41-44.Chen Lineng.The best power of the tractor field work[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1986,17(2):41-44.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]孔德刚,张帅,杨明东,等.大功率拖拉机播种作业效率与经济性的测试分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2008,39(4):7-13.Kong Degang,Zhang Shuai,Yang Mingdong,et al.Study on work efficiency and economy of impor t large power tr actor in sowing work[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2008,39(4):7-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]孔德刚,赵永超,刘立意,等.大功率农机作业效率与机组合理运用模式的研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(8):143-146.Kong Degang,Zhao Yongchao,Liu Liyi,et al.Investigation of work efficiency of high-power agricultural machinery and reasonable application pattern of tractor-implement units[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(8):143-146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]祝青园.基于最优脱粒功率消耗的联合收割机作业速度控制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2009.Zhu Qingyuan.Research on Operation Speed Control of Combine Harvester Based on Optimal Threshing Power Consumption[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2009.
[27]田志宏,张桐华,朱瑞祥,等.犁耕机组作业行程率计算机试验验证[J].西北农业大学学报,1996,24(2):5-55.Tian Zhihong,Zhang Tonghua,Zhu Ruixiang,et al.Fieldwork efficiency calculation of plowings and its experimental verification[J].Journal of Northwest Agricultural University,1996,24(2):51-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]乔金友,韩兆桢,洪魁,等.收获机组技术生产率随地块条件的变化规律试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,34(7):43-50.Qiao Jinyou,Han Zhaozhen,Hong Kui,et al.Variation of technology productivity of harvesting outfit along with site conditions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,34(7):43-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]韩兆桢.收获机组技术生产率随地块条件变化规律试验研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.Han Zhaozhen.Variation of Technology Productivity of Harvesting Outfit Along With Site Conditions[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2017.
[30]乔金友,韩兆桢,李传磊,等.不同收获机组时间利用率规律的比较研究[J].农机化研究,2016(10):133-138.Qiao Jinyou,Han Zhaozhen,Li Chuanglei,et al.Comparative research on the regularities of time utilization rate of different combines[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016(10):133-138.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]卢林瑞,王庆喜,刘斌,等.田间移动机组的生产率[J].吉林农业大学学报,1992,14(2):71-73.Lu Linrui,Wang Qingxi,Liu Bin,et al.Productivity of field moving units[J].Journal of Jinlin Agricultural University,1992,14(2):71-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Vahedi A,Ghasempour A M.Farm study of harvester machinery performance in rice harvesting operation and com parison with traditional method[J].Ecology,Environment&Conservation,2008(14):667-672.
[3]陈树人,卢强,仇华铮.基于LabVIEW的谷物联合收获机割台振动测试分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(S1):86-89,98.Chen Shuren,Lu Qiang,Qiu Huazheng.Header vibration analysis of grain combine harvester based on labVIEW[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(S1):86-89,98.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]徐立章,李耀明,孙朋朋,等.履带式全喂入水稻联合收获机振动测试与分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):49-55.Xu Lizhang,Li Yaoming,Sun Pengpeng,et al.Vibration measurement and analysis of tracked-whole feeding rice combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(8):49-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]王志.联合收割机可靠性问题的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(2):44-46.Wang Zhi.Reliability Improvement of a Combine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery.2002,33(2):44-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Baruah D C,Panesar B S.Energy requirement model for a combine harvester,Part 1:Development of component models[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,90(1):9-25.
[7]Baruah D C,Panesar B S.Energy requirement model forcombine harvester.Part 2:Integration of component models[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,90(2):161-171.
[8]王福林,戴有忠.农业机器系统配备的线性规划法的建模方法改进与分析[J].农机化研究,1988(3):5-9.Wang Fulin,Dai Youzhong.Improvement and analysis of the linear programming method for the agricultural machine system[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,1988(3):5-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]王金武,杨广林.三江平原地区水稻联合收割机选型问题的研究[J].农机化研究,2005,27(3):59-61.Wang Jinwu,Yang Guanglin.Study on the selection of the rice combine in the Sanjiang plain region[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2005,27(3):59-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]马力,王福林,张浩.农机系统优化配备研究面临的新问题[J].农机化研究,2009,31(8):231-234.Ma Li,Wang Fulin,Zhang Hao.The new problems of the farm machinery system optimization study[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(8):231-234.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]周应朝,高焕文.农业机器优化配备的新方法:非线性规划综合配备法[J].农业机械学报,1988,19(1):43-50.Zhou Yingchao,Gao Huanwen.New algorithms for the optimum disposition of farm machines:Integrated disposition algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1988,19(1):43-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]刘存香,刘学军.可拓评价方法在农机选型评价中的应用[J].农机化研究,2009,31(12):183-185.Liu Cunxiang,Liu Xuejun.Appliance on evaluation of selection for agricultural machinery based on extension evaluation method[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(12):183-185.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]乔金友,张晓丹,王奕娇,等.规模化大豆产区大豆联合收获机综合评价与优选[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(8):124-128.Qiao Jinyou,Zhang Xiaodan,Wang Yijiao,et al.Evaluation and selection on soybean combines in large-scale planting area[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2014,45(8):124-128.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]黄玉祥,郭康权,朱瑞祥,等.基于证据理论的农业机械选型风险因素评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):135-141.Huang Yuxiang,Guo Kangquan,Zhu Ruixiang,et al.Method for evaluating the risk of selecting types of agricultural machinery based on evidence theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(4):135-141.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Gonzalez X P,Alvarze C J,Recente R C.Evaluation of land disteibutions with joint regard to plot size and shape[J].Agricultural Systems,2004,82(1):31-43.
[16]土地改良事业计划设计标准(水田)基准书[M].日本,农业土木学会,2012.
[17]余友泰.农业机械化工程[M].北京:中国展望出版社,1987.
[18]高焕文.农业机械化生产学:上册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:28-29.
[19]Gao Huanwen,Hunt D R.Optimum combine fleet selection with power-based models[J].Transaction of the ASAE,1985(12):45-48.
[20]孔德刚,常晓慧,张帅,等.大马力拖拉机作业机组故障的调查分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(10):109-114.Kong Degang,Chang Xiaohui,Zhang Shuai,et al.Investigation and analysis on fault of large horsepower tractor operating units[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2009,40(10):109-114.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]万鹤群,孟繁琪,王友权,等.确定机群最佳服务面积及根据服务面积选择合理机群结构的方法[J].农业机械学报,1984,6(15):77-80.Wan Hequn,Meng Fanqi,Wang Youquan,et al.Methods to determine optimum service area for certain farm machinery group and to select reasonable group for given service area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1984,6(15):77-80.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]杜兵.农机作业班时间构成项目分类的分析及改进[J].北京农业工程大学学报,1995,15(1):64-68.Du Bing.Analysis and improvement of current classification of time in shift[J].Journal of Beijing Agricultural Engineering University,1995,15(1):64-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]陈丽能.拖拉机田间作业的最佳功率[J].农业机械学报,1986,17(2):41-44.Chen Lineng.The best power of the tractor field work[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1986,17(2):41-44.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]孔德刚,张帅,杨明东,等.大功率拖拉机播种作业效率与经济性的测试分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2008,39(4):7-13.Kong Degang,Zhang Shuai,Yang Mingdong,et al.Study on work efficiency and economy of impor t large power tr actor in sowing work[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2008,39(4):7-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]孔德刚,赵永超,刘立意,等.大功率农机作业效率与机组合理运用模式的研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(8):143-146.Kong Degang,Zhao Yongchao,Liu Liyi,et al.Investigation of work efficiency of high-power agricultural machinery and reasonable application pattern of tractor-implement units[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(8):143-146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]祝青园.基于最优脱粒功率消耗的联合收割机作业速度控制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2009.Zhu Qingyuan.Research on Operation Speed Control of Combine Harvester Based on Optimal Threshing Power Consumption[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2009.
[27]田志宏,张桐华,朱瑞祥,等.犁耕机组作业行程率计算机试验验证[J].西北农业大学学报,1996,24(2):5-55.Tian Zhihong,Zhang Tonghua,Zhu Ruixiang,et al.Fieldwork efficiency calculation of plowings and its experimental verification[J].Journal of Northwest Agricultural University,1996,24(2):51-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]乔金友,韩兆桢,洪魁,等.收获机组技术生产率随地块条件的变化规律试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,34(7):43-50.Qiao Jinyou,Han Zhaozhen,Hong Kui,et al.Variation of technology productivity of harvesting outfit along with site conditions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,34(7):43-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]韩兆桢.收获机组技术生产率随地块条件变化规律试验研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.Han Zhaozhen.Variation of Technology Productivity of Harvesting Outfit Along With Site Conditions[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2017.
[30]乔金友,韩兆桢,李传磊,等.不同收获机组时间利用率规律的比较研究[J].农机化研究,2016(10):133-138.Qiao Jinyou,Han Zhaozhen,Li Chuanglei,et al.Comparative research on the regularities of time utilization rate of different combines[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016(10):133-138.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]卢林瑞,王庆喜,刘斌,等.田间移动机组的生产率[J].吉林农业大学学报,1992,14(2):71-73.Lu Linrui,Wang Qingxi,Liu Bin,et al.Productivity of field moving units[J].Journal of Jinlin Agricultural University,1992,14(2):71-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)