调和汽油的蒸发性能及其改善方法探讨
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摘要
环保法规的日益严格对汽车尾气排放的要求也越来越高,而汽车尾气排放与汽油的蒸气压和馏程分布密切相关。同时,蒸气压和馏程分布还影响汽车的启动性能、加速性能以及气缸积炭等。文章简述了为满足环保要求和保证汽车驾驶性能,汽油蒸气压和馏程分布应该达到的要求;介绍了几种能够改变汽油蒸气压和馏程分布的汽油改质方法,以及目前组成商品汽油的各种调和组分,比较了各种调和组分在蒸气压和馏程分布方面的性质特点,及其对成品汽油蒸气压和馏程分布的影响。分析表明,通过改变催化裂化汽油(FCC)过程工艺条件,可改善FCC汽油蒸气压和馏程分布,这是目前改善调和汽油蒸气压和馏程分布最为经济可行的方法;各调和组分中,烷基化油在改善汽油蒸气压和馏程分布方面是最理想的调和组分。
The increasingly strict environmental regulations result in higher and higher standard in motor vehicle exhaust emission. The exhaust emission is closely related to vapor pressure and distillation range distribution of gasoline. In addition,the vapor pressure and distillation range distribution also influence the startup performance,acceleration and carbon deposition in cylinder. The paper sketched the requirements on vapor pressure and distillation range distribution in order to suffice environmental regulations and ensure driving performance. It also briefly introduced some gasoline modification methods for the evaporation of gasoline,and some blending components in present gasoline pool. The paper compared those blending component properties in evaporation,and discussed their influence on the evaporation of gasoline. The analysis result indicated that the evaporation of gasoline can be improved by changing process conditions in FCC,which was the most economically feasible way to do that. And alkylate oil is the best blending component to improve the evaporation of gasoline.
The increasingly strict environmental regulations result in higher and higher standard in motor vehicle exhaust emission. The exhaust emission is closely related to vapor pressure and distillation range distribution of gasoline. In addition,the vapor pressure and distillation range distribution also influence the startup performance,acceleration and carbon deposition in cylinder. The paper sketched the requirements on vapor pressure and distillation range distribution in order to suffice environmental regulations and ensure driving performance. It also briefly introduced some gasoline modification methods for the evaporation of gasoline,and some blending components in present gasoline pool. The paper compared those blending component properties in evaporation,and discussed their influence on the evaporation of gasoline. The analysis result indicated that the evaporation of gasoline can be improved by changing process conditions in FCC,which was the most economically feasible way to do that. And alkylate oil is the best blending component to improve the evaporation of gasoline.
引文
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[2]陈国强,于素青.车用汽油组分和馏程检测标准发展趋势及我国的差距[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2010(1):28-34.
[3]Chen Naiyuan.对环境友好燃料炼厂的技术要求Ⅰ.美国现状概述[J].石油与天然气化工,2000(2):61-63.
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[6]王丛刚,涂永善,杨朝合.石油炼制工程实验[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1997.
[7]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB17930—2013,车用汽油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[8]田家辉.汽油品质对汽车废气排放的影响[J].甘肃冶金,2000(4):50-52.
[9]刘双喜,王建海,方茂东,等.中国汽车工程学会燃料与润滑油分会第13届年会[C].重庆:中国商技,2008.
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[11]王海涛,胡京南,鲍晓峰,等.国Ⅳ汽油出租车的冷、热启动污染物排放特征[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2010,1(2):146-151.
[12]ASTM Committee.ATSM D4814-2013b.Standard specification for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel[S].United States:ASTM International,2013.
[13]日本工业标准调查会.JIS K2202-2012,动力汽油[S].日本,2012.
[14]European Committee for Standardization.EN 228-2012,Automotive fuels-unleaded petrol-requirements and test methods[S].Belgium,2012.
[15]徐春明,杨朝和.石油炼制工程[M].第4版.北京:石油工业出版社,2009:101-102.
[16]Takei Yasunori,Uehara Takashi,Hoshi Hirohiko,et al.Effects of California phase 2 reformulated gasoline regulations on exhaust emission reduction:Part 2[R].United States:SAE International,1995.
[17]陈俊武.催化裂化工艺与工程[M].第2版.北京:中国石化出版社,2005.
[18]胡国埏.环保法规与炼油工业[J].扬子石油化工,2000,15(1):55-60.
[19]栗雪云,提高车用汽油质量方法的分析探讨[J].炼油技术与工程,2014,44(1):12-16.
[20]许友好.催化裂化化学与工艺[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[21]邹圣武,孙铁栋,武雪峰,等.FCC过程中氢转移反应对汽油烯烃含量的影响[J].吉林化工学院学报,2004,21(1):51-54.
[22]高永灿,张久顺.催化裂化过程中氢转移反应的研究[J].炼油设计,2000,30(11):34-38.
[23]毛安国.利用催化裂化技术生产低烯烃高辛烷值汽油[J].石油与天然气化工,2003,32(4):219-221.
[24]朱华元,何鸣元,张信,等.正己烷在几种不同分子筛上的氢转移反应[J].石油炼制与化工,2001,32(9):39-42.
[25]邴乃慈,于廷云,董凤强,等.催化裂化汽油改质研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2004,5(3):17-20.
[26]路勇,何鸣元,宋家庆,等.氢转移反应与催化裂化汽油质量[J].炼油设计,1999,29(6):5-12.
[27]蔡仁杰,黄风林.氢转移反应与催化裂化汽油质量[J].炼油技术与工程,2003,33(3):19-22.
[28]徐志成,许明德.催化裂化催化剂GOR的氢转移活性与降低汽油烯烃含量性能的研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2002,33(1):22-26.
[29]张剑秋,田辉平,达志坚,等.磷改性Y型分子筛的氢转移性能考察[J].石油学报:石油加工,2002,18(3):70-74.
[30]沈志虹,付玉梅,蒋明,等.化学改性对催化裂化催化剂氢转移性能的影响[J].催化学报,2004,25(3):227-230.
[31]徐承恩.催化重整工艺与工程[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2006.
[32]张广林,现代燃料油品手册[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2009.
[33]Shorey Scott W,Rock Kerry L.NPRA Annual Meeting[C].San Francisco:National Petrochemical&Refiners Association,2005.
[34]Halinen Sampsa,Mohmand Faisal,Birkhoff Ronald,et al.NPRA Annual Meeting[C].San Francisco:National Petrochemical&Refiners Association,2005.
[35]张祥剑,王伟,郝兴仁,等.混合碳四烯烃叠合利用工艺技术研究[J].齐鲁石油化工,2008(4):255-258.
[36]Graham Melissa,Pryor Pam,Sarna Michael E.NPRA Annual Meeting[C].San Antonio:National Petrochemical&Refiners Association,2000.
[37]Chen Longfei,Stone Richard.Measurement of enthalpies of vaporization of isooctane and ethanol blends and their effects on PM emissions from a GDI engine[J].Energy&Fuels,2011,25:1254-1259.
[38]Sezer Ismet,Bilgin Atilla.Effects of methyl tert-butyl ether addition to base gasoline on the performance and CO emissions of a spark ignition engine[J].Energy&Fuels,2008,22(2):1341-1348.
[39]张娟利,杨天华.甲醇汽油理化特性的检测分析与系统研究[J].当代化工,2014,43(2):174-180.
[40]马洪杰,高海霞,李得禄.轻汽油醚化工艺技术应用问题探讨[J].商品与质量,2012(s2):299.
[41]高步良.高辛烷值汽油组分生产技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2005.
[42]朱厚兴,宋爱萍.轻汽油醚化技术在国内的应用前景分析[J].石油规划设计,2012,23(4):12-15.
[43]谷军,罗立文,潘行茂.轻烃异构化催化剂的研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2003,32(4):209-210.
[44]闫平祥,高金森,徐春明,等.混合C4烃低温芳构化生产高辛烷值汽油组分的研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2007,38(3):5-9.
[45]宋月芹.液化气中烯烃芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油的研究[D].大连:中国科学院研究生院,大连化学物理研究所,2005.
[46]黄瑾,魏衍举,汪文瑞,等.甲醇和基础汽油对混合燃料蒸发特性的影响[J].车用发动机,2013(4):79-83.
[2]陈国强,于素青.车用汽油组分和馏程检测标准发展趋势及我国的差距[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2010(1):28-34.
[3]Chen Naiyuan.对环境友好燃料炼厂的技术要求Ⅰ.美国现状概述[J].石油与天然气化工,2000(2):61-63.
[4]Advanced Ultra-Clean Motor Gasoline Production Technology[M].Hydrogen Publishing Company,2002.
[5]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 8017-2012,石油产品蒸气压的测定(雷德法)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[6]王丛刚,涂永善,杨朝合.石油炼制工程实验[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1997.
[7]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB17930—2013,车用汽油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[8]田家辉.汽油品质对汽车废气排放的影响[J].甘肃冶金,2000(4):50-52.
[9]刘双喜,王建海,方茂东,等.中国汽车工程学会燃料与润滑油分会第13届年会[C].重庆:中国商技,2008.
[10]Goodfellow C L,Gorse R A,Hawkins M J,et al.European programme on emissions,fuels and engine technologies(EPEFE):gasoline aromatics/E100 study[R].United States:SAE International,1996.
[11]王海涛,胡京南,鲍晓峰,等.国Ⅳ汽油出租车的冷、热启动污染物排放特征[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2010,1(2):146-151.
[12]ASTM Committee.ATSM D4814-2013b.Standard specification for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel[S].United States:ASTM International,2013.
[13]日本工业标准调查会.JIS K2202-2012,动力汽油[S].日本,2012.
[14]European Committee for Standardization.EN 228-2012,Automotive fuels-unleaded petrol-requirements and test methods[S].Belgium,2012.
[15]徐春明,杨朝和.石油炼制工程[M].第4版.北京:石油工业出版社,2009:101-102.
[16]Takei Yasunori,Uehara Takashi,Hoshi Hirohiko,et al.Effects of California phase 2 reformulated gasoline regulations on exhaust emission reduction:Part 2[R].United States:SAE International,1995.
[17]陈俊武.催化裂化工艺与工程[M].第2版.北京:中国石化出版社,2005.
[18]胡国埏.环保法规与炼油工业[J].扬子石油化工,2000,15(1):55-60.
[19]栗雪云,提高车用汽油质量方法的分析探讨[J].炼油技术与工程,2014,44(1):12-16.
[20]许友好.催化裂化化学与工艺[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[21]邹圣武,孙铁栋,武雪峰,等.FCC过程中氢转移反应对汽油烯烃含量的影响[J].吉林化工学院学报,2004,21(1):51-54.
[22]高永灿,张久顺.催化裂化过程中氢转移反应的研究[J].炼油设计,2000,30(11):34-38.
[23]毛安国.利用催化裂化技术生产低烯烃高辛烷值汽油[J].石油与天然气化工,2003,32(4):219-221.
[24]朱华元,何鸣元,张信,等.正己烷在几种不同分子筛上的氢转移反应[J].石油炼制与化工,2001,32(9):39-42.
[25]邴乃慈,于廷云,董凤强,等.催化裂化汽油改质研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2004,5(3):17-20.
[26]路勇,何鸣元,宋家庆,等.氢转移反应与催化裂化汽油质量[J].炼油设计,1999,29(6):5-12.
[27]蔡仁杰,黄风林.氢转移反应与催化裂化汽油质量[J].炼油技术与工程,2003,33(3):19-22.
[28]徐志成,许明德.催化裂化催化剂GOR的氢转移活性与降低汽油烯烃含量性能的研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2002,33(1):22-26.
[29]张剑秋,田辉平,达志坚,等.磷改性Y型分子筛的氢转移性能考察[J].石油学报:石油加工,2002,18(3):70-74.
[30]沈志虹,付玉梅,蒋明,等.化学改性对催化裂化催化剂氢转移性能的影响[J].催化学报,2004,25(3):227-230.
[31]徐承恩.催化重整工艺与工程[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2006.
[32]张广林,现代燃料油品手册[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2009.
[33]Shorey Scott W,Rock Kerry L.NPRA Annual Meeting[C].San Francisco:National Petrochemical&Refiners Association,2005.
[34]Halinen Sampsa,Mohmand Faisal,Birkhoff Ronald,et al.NPRA Annual Meeting[C].San Francisco:National Petrochemical&Refiners Association,2005.
[35]张祥剑,王伟,郝兴仁,等.混合碳四烯烃叠合利用工艺技术研究[J].齐鲁石油化工,2008(4):255-258.
[36]Graham Melissa,Pryor Pam,Sarna Michael E.NPRA Annual Meeting[C].San Antonio:National Petrochemical&Refiners Association,2000.
[37]Chen Longfei,Stone Richard.Measurement of enthalpies of vaporization of isooctane and ethanol blends and their effects on PM emissions from a GDI engine[J].Energy&Fuels,2011,25:1254-1259.
[38]Sezer Ismet,Bilgin Atilla.Effects of methyl tert-butyl ether addition to base gasoline on the performance and CO emissions of a spark ignition engine[J].Energy&Fuels,2008,22(2):1341-1348.
[39]张娟利,杨天华.甲醇汽油理化特性的检测分析与系统研究[J].当代化工,2014,43(2):174-180.
[40]马洪杰,高海霞,李得禄.轻汽油醚化工艺技术应用问题探讨[J].商品与质量,2012(s2):299.
[41]高步良.高辛烷值汽油组分生产技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2005.
[42]朱厚兴,宋爱萍.轻汽油醚化技术在国内的应用前景分析[J].石油规划设计,2012,23(4):12-15.
[43]谷军,罗立文,潘行茂.轻烃异构化催化剂的研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2003,32(4):209-210.
[44]闫平祥,高金森,徐春明,等.混合C4烃低温芳构化生产高辛烷值汽油组分的研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2007,38(3):5-9.
[45]宋月芹.液化气中烯烃芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油的研究[D].大连:中国科学院研究生院,大连化学物理研究所,2005.
[46]黄瑾,魏衍举,汪文瑞,等.甲醇和基础汽油对混合燃料蒸发特性的影响[J].车用发动机,2013(4):79-83.