不同昼夜温差处理对萝卜抽薹及开花特性的影响
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摘要
以"胭脂红1号"萝卜为试材,在人工光照培养箱内对萝卜幼苗进行6个不同的昼夜温差处理(白天5℃/夜间5℃;白天10℃/夜间5℃;白天15℃/夜间5℃;白天20℃/夜间5℃;白天15℃/夜间10℃;白天15℃/夜间15℃),研究了萝卜最适宜的低温春化和抽薹的条件,以期为萝卜加代繁殖或防止萝卜先期抽薹提供参考依据。结果表明:不同昼夜温差和春化处理时间,对萝卜的抽薹、现蕾和开花的影响差异显著,低温昼夜温差春化处理可促进萝卜抽薹、现蕾、开花以及植株花芽分化,还可以促进腋芽萌发成枝,处理时间越长促进作用越明显。白天10℃/夜间5℃、处理18d是"胭脂红1号"萝卜最适宜的低温春化和抽薹条件。低温抑制了植株的营养生长,春化处理时间越长,腋芽越容易萌发成枝,但随着开花结荚,花荚的质量明显降低,花薹相对矮小,对萝卜的茎粗、最大叶长叶宽的抑制作用也愈加明显。该研究结果可为控制萝卜抽薹开花、提高萝卜产量和品质提供理论依据。
‘Carmine No.1'radish seedlings were used as materials,6 different diurnal temperature treatments,including 5 ℃/5 ℃(day/night),10 ℃/5 ℃,15 ℃/5 ℃,20 ℃/5 ℃,15 ℃/10 ℃,and15 ℃/15 ℃ were set in an artificial illumination incubator to study the optimum conditions of radish vernalization and bolting,in order to provide reference for preventing the radish from the premature bolting and for propagation.The results showed that the different temperature between day and night and low temperature could not only promote radish bolting,budding,flowering and flower bud differentiation,but also promote the axillary buds forming to branches,and the longer the treatment time,the more obvious role.The day/night treatment at 10 ℃/5 ℃ for 18 days was the most optimal condition for radish bolting and flower bud differentiation.Based on the effects of different day/night temperature treatments on plant height,stem diameter,the largest leaf length and width,low temperature obviously inhibited plant vegetative growth.The longer vernalization time,the easier forming branches for axillary buds.However,while flowering and podding,the quality of the flowers was significantly reduced,and the flowers were relatively short,with moreobvious inhibitory effect on radish stem diameter,as well the largest leaf length and width.The results could provide the theoritical basis for controlling the radish bolting and flowering and thus to improve the radish yield and quality.
‘Carmine No.1'radish seedlings were used as materials,6 different diurnal temperature treatments,including 5 ℃/5 ℃(day/night),10 ℃/5 ℃,15 ℃/5 ℃,20 ℃/5 ℃,15 ℃/10 ℃,and15 ℃/15 ℃ were set in an artificial illumination incubator to study the optimum conditions of radish vernalization and bolting,in order to provide reference for preventing the radish from the premature bolting and for propagation.The results showed that the different temperature between day and night and low temperature could not only promote radish bolting,budding,flowering and flower bud differentiation,but also promote the axillary buds forming to branches,and the longer the treatment time,the more obvious role.The day/night treatment at 10 ℃/5 ℃ for 18 days was the most optimal condition for radish bolting and flower bud differentiation.Based on the effects of different day/night temperature treatments on plant height,stem diameter,the largest leaf length and width,low temperature obviously inhibited plant vegetative growth.The longer vernalization time,the easier forming branches for axillary buds.However,while flowering and podding,the quality of the flowers was significantly reduced,and the flowers were relatively short,with moreobvious inhibitory effect on radish stem diameter,as well the largest leaf length and width.The results could provide the theoritical basis for controlling the radish bolting and flowering and thus to improve the radish yield and quality.
引文
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[14]孙奇超,杨延杰,陈宁,等.萝卜花芽分化进程中形态特征与碳氮比变化的研究[J].北方园艺,2010(17):47-49.
[15]杨金兰,刘艳波,张蕣.萝卜生产中抽薹的原因及其预防措施[J].北方园艺,2015(23):71-74.
[16]宋贤勇,柳李旺,龚义勤,等.春萝卜抽薹过程中内源激素含量变化分析[J].植物研究,2007(3):182-185.
[2]张万萍,李晓慧,马超,等.萝卜抽薹机制及耐抽薹种质资源选育的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2017(7):192-199.
[3]邓俭英.萝卜花芽分化形态发育及其生理生化的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[4]付娟娟.低温春化过程中萝卜幼苗生长点的生理生化变化[J].山东农业科学,2008(2):32-35.
[5]张慧蓉,张建伟,龚义勤,等.萝卜花芽分化的形态学研究[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(6):8-9.
[6]宋贤男.萝卜花芽分化、抽薹与内源激素和DNA甲基化关系的初步研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2006.
[7]何启伟,王淑芬,徐文玲.我国萝卜育种现状与前景展望[C].武汉:中国园艺学会十字花科蔬菜分会第六届学术研讨会暨新品种展示会论文集,2008:43-45.
[8]王淑芬,徐文玲,何启伟,等.春化深度对萝卜抽薹的影响及抽薹过程中GA3和IAA含量的变化[J].山东农业大学,2003(6):20-21.
[9]张志焱,李亚兰,崔金霞,等.不同春化时间对不结球白菜现蕾开花的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(5):952-953.
[10]王真真,候瑞贤,李晓峰,等.春化时间不同对结球白菜现蕾、抽薹和开花的影响[J].上海农业学报,2013,29(5):50-53.
[11]张丽,宫国义.两种春化方式对不同萝卜品种抽薹开花的影响[J].北方园艺,2006(2):513-515.
[12]李国景,BENOIT F,CEUSTERMANS N.昼夜温度对温室甜椒植株生长、发育和产量的影响[J].浙江大学学报,2004,30(5):487-491.
[13]毛丽萍,李亚灵,温祥珍,等.苗期昼夜温差对番茄产量形成因子的影响分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):172-177.
[14]孙奇超,杨延杰,陈宁,等.萝卜花芽分化进程中形态特征与碳氮比变化的研究[J].北方园艺,2010(17):47-49.
[15]杨金兰,刘艳波,张蕣.萝卜生产中抽薹的原因及其预防措施[J].北方园艺,2015(23):71-74.
[16]宋贤勇,柳李旺,龚义勤,等.春萝卜抽薹过程中内源激素含量变化分析[J].植物研究,2007(3):182-185.