基于事件起点的层次化时序Petri网及其电网故障诊断方法
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摘要
电网发生故障后利用大量告警信息快速准确地识别故障元件是保障可靠供电和电网安全稳定运行的首要任务。为适应电网运行调控需求,提出一种基于事件起点的层次化加权模糊时序Petri网故障诊断方法。在完善母线和线路的层次化加权模糊时序Petri网模型的基础上,以故障发生时刻为事件起点,确立各初始库所的时序属性,并通过逆向和正向时序推理对保护和断路器动作信息进行时序约束检查和置信度修正。IEEE 39节点系统仿真算例和电网实际故障算例表明所提方法能够在保护和断路器误动/拒动、告警信息缺失/错误等复杂状态下识别真实故障元件,提高了故障诊断的准确度和容错性。此外所提方法还可以得到设备故障的时间点约束,有利于进一步分析故障原因和故障事态发展。通过与现有应用时序信息的故障诊断方法相比,所提方法时序推理过程简明清晰,对网络拓扑的变化适应性强,运算速度快,满足在线诊断需求。
The most important task to ensure reliable power supply and safe and stable operation of the power grid is the quick and accurate identification of the fault element based on mass warning information. A fault diagnosis method of hierarchical weighted fuzzy Petri net based on event-starting point is proposed to meet the needs of power grid operation and regulation. Based on the improvement of the hierarchical temporal weighted fuzzy Petri net of bus and line,the temporal attribute of each initial library is determined by taking the fault occurrence time as the event-starting point. The temporal constraint of the protection and circuit breaker operation is checked and their credibility is modified according to reverse and positive timing reasoning. The simulative results of IEEE 39-bus system and actual failure cases of a power grid show that the proposed method can identify the fault element under complicated conditions such as mal-operation or rejection of protection and circuit breaker and incompleteness or error of alarm information,and improve the accuracy and fault-tolerance of fault diagnosis. In addition,the proposed method can also get the time constraint of the fault element to further analyze the causes and development of the fault. Compared with the existing fault diagnosis methods based on temporal information,the proposed method has a simple and clear temporal reasoning process,strong adaptability to the change of network topology and rapid calculation speed,and meets the needs of online fault diagnosis.
The most important task to ensure reliable power supply and safe and stable operation of the power grid is the quick and accurate identification of the fault element based on mass warning information. A fault diagnosis method of hierarchical weighted fuzzy Petri net based on event-starting point is proposed to meet the needs of power grid operation and regulation. Based on the improvement of the hierarchical temporal weighted fuzzy Petri net of bus and line,the temporal attribute of each initial library is determined by taking the fault occurrence time as the event-starting point. The temporal constraint of the protection and circuit breaker operation is checked and their credibility is modified according to reverse and positive timing reasoning. The simulative results of IEEE 39-bus system and actual failure cases of a power grid show that the proposed method can identify the fault element under complicated conditions such as mal-operation or rejection of protection and circuit breaker and incompleteness or error of alarm information,and improve the accuracy and fault-tolerance of fault diagnosis. In addition,the proposed method can also get the time constraint of the fault element to further analyze the causes and development of the fault. Compared with the existing fault diagnosis methods based on temporal information,the proposed method has a simple and clear temporal reasoning process,strong adaptability to the change of network topology and rapid calculation speed,and meets the needs of online fault diagnosis.
引文
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[13]张岩,张勇,文福拴,等.容纳时序约束的改进模糊Petri网故障诊断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(5):66-72.ZHANG Yan,ZHANG Yong,WEN Fushuan,et al.Power system fault diagnosis with an enhanced fuzzy Petri net accommodating temporal constraints[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):66-72.
[14]LI Xiaoou,LARA-ROSANO F.Dynamic knowledge inference and learning under adaptive fuzzy net framework[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics:Part C Applications and Reviews,2008,30(4):442-450.
[15]郭文鑫,文福拴,廖志伟,等.基于时序约束网络的电力系统在线警报处理解析模型[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(21):36-42,65.GUO Wenxin,WEN Fushuan,LIAO Zhiwei,et al.An analytic model for power system online alarm processing based on temporal constraint network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(21):36-42,65.
[16]乐全明.电网高级智能故障诊断系统中关键技术的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2006.LE Quanming.Research on key techniques of advanced intelligent fault diagnosis system for power grid[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2006.
[17]陈强,程学珍,刘建航,等.基于分层变迁的WFPN电网故障分析[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(15):125-135.CHEN Qiang,CHENG Xuezhen,LIU Jianhang,et al.The analysis method of power grid fault based on hierarchical transition weighted fuzzy Petri net[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):125-135.
[2]张岩,张勇,文福拴,等.融合信息理论的电力系统故障诊断解析模型[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(2):158-164,174.ZHANG Yan,ZHANG Yong,WEN Fushuan,et al.Analytical model for power system fault diagnosis integrated with information theory[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(2):158-164,174.
[3]梁辰,邰能灵,胡炎,等.基于保护信号的隐性故障检测[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(5):154-159.LIANG Chen,TAI Nengling,HU Yan,et al.Detection of hidden failure based on protection signals[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(5):154-159.
[4]田方媛,张岩,徐兵,等.多代理系统框架下的主动配电系统故障诊断[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(6):19-26.TIAN Fangyuan,ZHANG Yan,XU Bing,et al.Fault diagnosis based on multi agent system for active distribution system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(6):19-26.
[5]熊国江,石东源,朱林,等.基于径向基函数神经网络的电网模糊元胞故障诊断[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(5):59-65.XIONG Guojiang,SHI Dongyuan,ZHU Lin,et al.Fuzzy cellular fault diagnosis of power grids based on radial basis function neural network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):59-65.
[6]孙明蔚,童晓阳,刘新宇,等.运用时序贝叶斯知识库的电网故障诊断方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):715-722.SUN Mingwei,TONG Xiaoyang,LIU Xinyu,et al.A power system fault diagnosis method using temporal Bayesian knowledge bases[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):715-722.
[7]胡伟,李勇,曹一家,等.基于LOF和SVM的智能配电网故障辨识方法[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(6):7-12.HU Wei,LI Yong,CAO Yijia,et al.Fault identification based on LOF and SVM for smart distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(6):7-12.
[8]CALDERARO V,HADJICOSTIS C N,PIICCOLO A.Failure identification in smart grids based on Petri net modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(10):4613-4623.
[9]LUO Xu,KEZUNOVIC M.Implementing fuzzy reasoning Petri nets for fault section estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(2):676-685.
[10]杨健维,何正友,臧天磊.基于方向性加权模糊Petri网的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(34):42-49.YANG Jianwei,HE Zhengyou,ZANG Tianlei.Power system faultdiagnosis method based on directional weighted fuzzy Petri nets[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(34):42-49.
[11]杨健维,何正友.基于时序模糊Petri网的电力系统故障诊断[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(15):46-51.YANG Jianwei,HE Zhengyou.Power system fault diagnosis approach based on time sequence fuzzy Petri net[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(15):46-51.
[12]童晓阳,谢红涛,孙明蔚.计及时序信息检查的分层模糊Petri网电网故障诊断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(6):63-68.TONG Xiaoyang,XIE Hongtao,SUN Mingwei.Power system fault diagnosis model based on layered fuzzy Petri net considering temporal constraint checking[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(6):63-68.
[13]张岩,张勇,文福拴,等.容纳时序约束的改进模糊Petri网故障诊断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(5):66-72.ZHANG Yan,ZHANG Yong,WEN Fushuan,et al.Power system fault diagnosis with an enhanced fuzzy Petri net accommodating temporal constraints[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):66-72.
[14]LI Xiaoou,LARA-ROSANO F.Dynamic knowledge inference and learning under adaptive fuzzy net framework[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics:Part C Applications and Reviews,2008,30(4):442-450.
[15]郭文鑫,文福拴,廖志伟,等.基于时序约束网络的电力系统在线警报处理解析模型[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(21):36-42,65.GUO Wenxin,WEN Fushuan,LIAO Zhiwei,et al.An analytic model for power system online alarm processing based on temporal constraint network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(21):36-42,65.
[16]乐全明.电网高级智能故障诊断系统中关键技术的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2006.LE Quanming.Research on key techniques of advanced intelligent fault diagnosis system for power grid[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2006.
[17]陈强,程学珍,刘建航,等.基于分层变迁的WFPN电网故障分析[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(15):125-135.CHEN Qiang,CHENG Xuezhen,LIU Jianhang,et al.The analysis method of power grid fault based on hierarchical transition weighted fuzzy Petri net[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):125-135.