黔东铜仁地区寒武系热液白云岩特征及其成矿意义
|
摘要
黔东铜仁地区寒武系清虚洞组和娄山关组中分布有多处热液白云岩,其形态包括块状、透镜状、角砾状等。通过露头及薄片观察、流体包裹体温度测定、稀土元素和锶同位素分析,笔者探讨了研究区不同类型热液白云岩的形成机制、热液性质与来源及其与铅锌成矿作用的关系。结果表明:(1)热液白云岩由中粗晶—巨晶鞍状白云石组成,形成温度为96~223℃,平均为155.86℃;盐度为8.28~16.15 wt%Na Cl,平均为12.30wt%Na Cl;具有轻稀土富集和Ce负异常特征,LREE/HREE为16.51,δCe为0.79,87Sr/86Sr为0.708662。(2)块状和透镜状热液白云岩形成于交代作用较完全的环境,角砾状热液白云岩可能形成于水力破裂作用;白云石化流体可能来自包括震旦系碳酸盐岩在内的下伏地层,断层和裂缝为其运移通道。(3)白云石化流体与区域铅锌成矿流体温度、盐度和地球化学特征相近,来源相同或相似;热液白云岩中含有少量成矿物质,应形成于铅锌主成矿期前后。
Multiple outcrops of the hydrothermal dolostone are distributed throughout the Cambrain Qingxudong and Loushanguan Formations in Tongren area,eastern Guizhou Province. The dolostones are generally massive, lenticular and brecciated. Based on investigations in the outcrops and rock slabs,measurement of temperature of fluid inclusions,and REE and Sr isotope analyses,we studied the genesis and fluid property of different types of hydrothermal dolostone and their relationship with the mineralization of Pb-Zn deposits. The results indicate:( 1) Hydrothermal dolostone is composed of medium-coarse-crys-talline to ultra-coarse-crystalline saddle dolomite crystals. The formation temperature varies from 96 to223 ℃,with an average of 155. 86 ℃. Salinities is between 8. 28 and 16. 15 wt% Na Cl,with an average of 12. 30 wt% Na Cl. Characterized by REE enrichment and a negative Ce anomaly with the LREE to HREE ratio of 16. 51,δCe value of 0. 79,and87 Sr/86 Sr ratio of 0. 708662.( 2) Massive and lenticular hydrothermal dolostone formed by more complete metasomatism of dolomitized fluid,whereas brecciated hydrothermal dolostone formed by hydrofracturing. Dolomitized fluid may come from the underlying Sinian carbonate strata,with faults and fractures as fluid migration channels.( 3) Dolomitized fluid and regional Pb-Zn ore-forming fluid have similar temperature, salinity and geochemical characteristics, and share similar origins. A few metallogenic materials of the hydrothermal dolostone were also formed around the main Pb-Zn metallogenic stage.
Multiple outcrops of the hydrothermal dolostone are distributed throughout the Cambrain Qingxudong and Loushanguan Formations in Tongren area,eastern Guizhou Province. The dolostones are generally massive, lenticular and brecciated. Based on investigations in the outcrops and rock slabs,measurement of temperature of fluid inclusions,and REE and Sr isotope analyses,we studied the genesis and fluid property of different types of hydrothermal dolostone and their relationship with the mineralization of Pb-Zn deposits. The results indicate:( 1) Hydrothermal dolostone is composed of medium-coarse-crys-talline to ultra-coarse-crystalline saddle dolomite crystals. The formation temperature varies from 96 to223 ℃,with an average of 155. 86 ℃. Salinities is between 8. 28 and 16. 15 wt% Na Cl,with an average of 12. 30 wt% Na Cl. Characterized by REE enrichment and a negative Ce anomaly with the LREE to HREE ratio of 16. 51,δCe value of 0. 79,and87 Sr/86 Sr ratio of 0. 708662.( 2) Massive and lenticular hydrothermal dolostone formed by more complete metasomatism of dolomitized fluid,whereas brecciated hydrothermal dolostone formed by hydrofracturing. Dolomitized fluid may come from the underlying Sinian carbonate strata,with faults and fractures as fluid migration channels.( 3) Dolomitized fluid and regional Pb-Zn ore-forming fluid have similar temperature, salinity and geochemical characteristics, and share similar origins. A few metallogenic materials of the hydrothermal dolostone were also formed around the main Pb-Zn metallogenic stage.
引文
蔡应雄,杨红梅,段瑞春,卢山松,张利国,刘重芃,邱啸飞.2014.湘西-黔东下寒武统铅锌矿床流体包裹体和硫、铅、碳同位素地球化学特征.现代地质,28(1):29-41.[Cai Y X,Yang H M,Duan R C,Lu S S,Zhang L G,Liu C P,Qiu X F.2014.Fluid inclusions and S,Pb,C isotope geochemistry of Pb-Zn deposits hosted by Lower Cambrian in western Hunan-eastern Guizhou area.Geoscience,28(1):29-41]
陈代钊.2008.构造-热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储集层.石油与天然气地质,29(5):614-622.[Chen D Z.2008.Structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs.Oil&Gas Geology,29(5):614-622]
陈轩,赵文智,张利萍,赵宗举,刘银河,张宝民,杨雨.2012.川中地区中二叠统构造热液白云岩的发现及其勘探意义.石油学报,33(4):562-569.[Chen X,Zhao W Z,Zhang L P,Zhao Z J,Liu YH,Zhang B M,Yang Y.2012.Discovery and exploration significance of structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomites in the Middle Permian of the central Sichuan Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,33(4):562-569]
蒋裕强,陶艳忠,谷一凡,王珏博,强子同,江娜,林刚,蒋婵.2016.四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区灯影组热液白云石化作用.石油勘探与开发,43(1):51-60.[Jiang Y Q,Tao Y Z,Gu Y F,Wang J B,Qiang Z T,Jiang N,Lin G,Jiang C.2016.Hydrothermal dolomitization in Sinian Dengying Formation,Gaoshiti-Moxi area,Sichuan Basin,SW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(1):51-60]
李荣,焦养泉,吴立群,荣辉,王瑞.2008.构造热液白云石化:一种国际碳酸盐岩领域的新模式.地质科技情报,27(3):35-40.[Li R,Jiao Y Q,Wu L Q,Rong H,Wang R.2008.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomitization:A new model in international carbonates field.Geological Science and Technology Information,27(3):35-40]
宋光永,刘树根,黄文明,王国芝,陈翠华,马文辛,张长俊.2009.川东南丁山-林滩场构造灯影组热液白云岩特征.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),36(6):706-715.[Song G Y,Liu S G,Huang W M,Wang G Z,Chen C H,Ma W X,Zhang C J.2009.Characteristics of hydrothermal dolomite of Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Dingshan-Lintanchang structural zone,Sichuan Basin,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),36(6):706-715]
王珏,刘金海,陈云明.2013.黔北桑木场背斜灯影组热液白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征.贵州地质,30(2):132-135.[Wang J,Liu J H,Chen Y M.2013.REE geochemical characters of hydrothermal dolomite of Dengying Formation of Sangmuchang anticline in North Guizhou.Guizhou Geology,30(2):132-135]
隗含涛,邵拥军,叶周,熊伊曲,周皓迪,谢友良.2017.湘西花垣铅锌矿田方解石REE元素和Sr同位素地球化学.中国有色金属学报,27(11):2329-2339.[Wei H T,Shao Y J,Ye Z,Xiong Y Q,Zhou H D,Xie Y L.2017.REE and Sr isotope geochemistry of gangue calcites from Huayuan Pb-Zn Orefield in western Hunan,China.The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,27(11):2329-2339]
文德潇,韩润生,王峰,贺姣姣,邱文龙,夏颜乐,陈随海,倪尔建.2014.云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床HTD白云岩的厘定及其形成机制.岩石矿物学杂志,33(6):1086-1098.[Wen D X,Han R S,Wang F,He J J,Qiu W L,Xia Y L,Chen S H,Ni E J.2014.Features and formation mechanism of HTD dolomites in the Huize leadzinc deposit,Yunnan Province.Acta Petrologica ET Mineralogica,33(6):1086-1098]
吴仕强,朱井泉,胡文瑄,张军涛,王小林,苏永斌.2009.塔里木盆地寒武系-奥陶系白云岩稀土元素特征及其成因意义.现代地质,23(4):638-647.[Wu S Q,Zhu J Q,Hu W X,Zhang J T,Wang X L,Su Y B.2009.Rare earth element geochemistry characteristics of Cambrian-Ordovician dolostones in the Tarim Basin and their implications for the origin.Geoscience,23(4):638-647]
夏新阶,舒见闻.1995.李梅锌矿床地质特征及其成因.大地构造与成矿学,19(3):197-204.[Xia X J,Shu J W.1995.Geologic characteristics and origin of Zinc Sulfide deposit.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,19(3):197-204]
谢小峰,杨坤光,袁良军,侯兵德,田景江.2017.黔东松桃高地锰矿区寒武系中上部娄山关组与毛田组地层界面处铅锌矿成矿可能性分析.化工矿产地质,39(2):96-102.[Xie X F,Yang K G,Yuan L J,Hou B D,Tian J J.2017.Lead-Zinc metallogenic analysis in the boundary between Loushanguan Formation and Maotian Formation of Middle-Upper Cambrian in Gaodi manganese deposit,Songtao County,eastern Guizhou Province.Geology of Chemical Minerals,39(2):96-102]
杨红梅,刘重芃,段瑞春,顾晓敏,卢山松,谭娟娟,蔡应雄,张利国,邱啸飞.2015.贵州铜仁卜口场铅锌矿床Rb-Sr与Sm-Nd同位素年龄及其地质意义.大地构造与成矿学,39(5):855-865.[Yang H M,Liu C P,Duan R C,Gu X M,Lu S S,Tan J J,Cai Y X,Zhang L G,Qiu X F.2015.Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isochron ages of bokouchang Pb-Zn deposit in Tongren,Guizhou Province and their geological implication.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,39(5):855-865]
杨绍祥,劳可通.2007.湘西北铅锌矿床碳氢氧同位素特征及成矿环境分析.矿床地质,26(3):330-340.[Yang S X,Lao K T.2007.A tentative discussion on genesis of lead-zinc deposits in northwest Hunan.Mineral Deposits,26(3):330-340]
张旭阳,杨阳,吕古贤,薛长军,高伟利,苗强军.2017.湘西李梅铅锌矿区外围地层碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其意义.矿物学报,37(4):427-433.[Zhang X Y,Yang Y,LüG X,Xue C J,Gao WL,Miao Q J.2017.Geochemical characteristics of carbonate rocks in the peripheral formation of Limei Lead and Zinc Mine area in Xiangxi area,China.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,37(4):427-433]
张自超.1995.中国某些元古宙及早寒武世碳酸盐岩石的锶同位素组成.地质论评,41(4):349-354.[Zhang Z C.1995.87Sr/86Sr data for some Middle-Late Proterozoic to Early Cambrian carbonate rocks in China.Geological Review,41(4):349-354]
赵爽,潘文,杨胜堂,尹廷龙,蒋天锐,田景江,陈玲,覃志贵.2016.湘西-黔东北地区下寒武统铅锌矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨.贵州地质,33(4):257-264.[Zhao S,Pan W,Yang S T,Yin T L,Jiang T R,Tian J J,Chen L,Qin Z G.2016.Geological characteristics and genesis of lead-zinc deposits by Lower Cambrian in western Hunan-Northeastern Guizhou area.Guizhou Geology,33(4):257-264]
周彬,田景江,沈红钱,吴位远,陈年军.2017.贵州松桃-万山地区铅锌矿控矿因素及找矿方向.地质科技情报,36(4):138-144.[Zhou B,Tian J J,Shen H Q,Wu W W,Chen N J.2017.Ore controlling factors of Pb-Zn deposits and prospecting directions in Songtao-Wanshan area,Guizhou.Geological Science and Technology Information,36(4):138-144]
周振昊,杜远生.2013.贵州铜仁枫木寨隐爆角砾岩筒的发现及地质意义.地质科技情报,32(1):94-98.[Zhou Z H,Du Y S.2013.Discovery and geological significance of the cryptoexplosive breccia rock pipe in Fengmuzhai,Tongren,Guizhou Province.Geological Science and Technology Information,32(1):94-98]
Bodnar R J.1993.Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-Na Cl solutions.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,57(3):683-684.
Davies G R,Smith L B.2006.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview.AAPG Bulletin,90(11):1641-1690.
Middleton K,Coniglio M,Sherlock R,Frape S K.1993.Dolomitization of Middle Ordovician carbonate reservoirs,southwestern Ontario.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,41(2):150-163.
Smith L B.2006.Origin and reservoir characteristics of Upper Ordovician Trenton-Black River hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in New York.AAPG Bulletin,90(11):1691-1718.
陈代钊.2008.构造-热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储集层.石油与天然气地质,29(5):614-622.[Chen D Z.2008.Structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs.Oil&Gas Geology,29(5):614-622]
陈轩,赵文智,张利萍,赵宗举,刘银河,张宝民,杨雨.2012.川中地区中二叠统构造热液白云岩的发现及其勘探意义.石油学报,33(4):562-569.[Chen X,Zhao W Z,Zhang L P,Zhao Z J,Liu YH,Zhang B M,Yang Y.2012.Discovery and exploration significance of structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomites in the Middle Permian of the central Sichuan Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,33(4):562-569]
蒋裕强,陶艳忠,谷一凡,王珏博,强子同,江娜,林刚,蒋婵.2016.四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区灯影组热液白云石化作用.石油勘探与开发,43(1):51-60.[Jiang Y Q,Tao Y Z,Gu Y F,Wang J B,Qiang Z T,Jiang N,Lin G,Jiang C.2016.Hydrothermal dolomitization in Sinian Dengying Formation,Gaoshiti-Moxi area,Sichuan Basin,SW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(1):51-60]
李荣,焦养泉,吴立群,荣辉,王瑞.2008.构造热液白云石化:一种国际碳酸盐岩领域的新模式.地质科技情报,27(3):35-40.[Li R,Jiao Y Q,Wu L Q,Rong H,Wang R.2008.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomitization:A new model in international carbonates field.Geological Science and Technology Information,27(3):35-40]
宋光永,刘树根,黄文明,王国芝,陈翠华,马文辛,张长俊.2009.川东南丁山-林滩场构造灯影组热液白云岩特征.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),36(6):706-715.[Song G Y,Liu S G,Huang W M,Wang G Z,Chen C H,Ma W X,Zhang C J.2009.Characteristics of hydrothermal dolomite of Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Dingshan-Lintanchang structural zone,Sichuan Basin,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),36(6):706-715]
王珏,刘金海,陈云明.2013.黔北桑木场背斜灯影组热液白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征.贵州地质,30(2):132-135.[Wang J,Liu J H,Chen Y M.2013.REE geochemical characters of hydrothermal dolomite of Dengying Formation of Sangmuchang anticline in North Guizhou.Guizhou Geology,30(2):132-135]
隗含涛,邵拥军,叶周,熊伊曲,周皓迪,谢友良.2017.湘西花垣铅锌矿田方解石REE元素和Sr同位素地球化学.中国有色金属学报,27(11):2329-2339.[Wei H T,Shao Y J,Ye Z,Xiong Y Q,Zhou H D,Xie Y L.2017.REE and Sr isotope geochemistry of gangue calcites from Huayuan Pb-Zn Orefield in western Hunan,China.The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,27(11):2329-2339]
文德潇,韩润生,王峰,贺姣姣,邱文龙,夏颜乐,陈随海,倪尔建.2014.云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床HTD白云岩的厘定及其形成机制.岩石矿物学杂志,33(6):1086-1098.[Wen D X,Han R S,Wang F,He J J,Qiu W L,Xia Y L,Chen S H,Ni E J.2014.Features and formation mechanism of HTD dolomites in the Huize leadzinc deposit,Yunnan Province.Acta Petrologica ET Mineralogica,33(6):1086-1098]
吴仕强,朱井泉,胡文瑄,张军涛,王小林,苏永斌.2009.塔里木盆地寒武系-奥陶系白云岩稀土元素特征及其成因意义.现代地质,23(4):638-647.[Wu S Q,Zhu J Q,Hu W X,Zhang J T,Wang X L,Su Y B.2009.Rare earth element geochemistry characteristics of Cambrian-Ordovician dolostones in the Tarim Basin and their implications for the origin.Geoscience,23(4):638-647]
夏新阶,舒见闻.1995.李梅锌矿床地质特征及其成因.大地构造与成矿学,19(3):197-204.[Xia X J,Shu J W.1995.Geologic characteristics and origin of Zinc Sulfide deposit.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,19(3):197-204]
谢小峰,杨坤光,袁良军,侯兵德,田景江.2017.黔东松桃高地锰矿区寒武系中上部娄山关组与毛田组地层界面处铅锌矿成矿可能性分析.化工矿产地质,39(2):96-102.[Xie X F,Yang K G,Yuan L J,Hou B D,Tian J J.2017.Lead-Zinc metallogenic analysis in the boundary between Loushanguan Formation and Maotian Formation of Middle-Upper Cambrian in Gaodi manganese deposit,Songtao County,eastern Guizhou Province.Geology of Chemical Minerals,39(2):96-102]
杨红梅,刘重芃,段瑞春,顾晓敏,卢山松,谭娟娟,蔡应雄,张利国,邱啸飞.2015.贵州铜仁卜口场铅锌矿床Rb-Sr与Sm-Nd同位素年龄及其地质意义.大地构造与成矿学,39(5):855-865.[Yang H M,Liu C P,Duan R C,Gu X M,Lu S S,Tan J J,Cai Y X,Zhang L G,Qiu X F.2015.Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isochron ages of bokouchang Pb-Zn deposit in Tongren,Guizhou Province and their geological implication.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,39(5):855-865]
杨绍祥,劳可通.2007.湘西北铅锌矿床碳氢氧同位素特征及成矿环境分析.矿床地质,26(3):330-340.[Yang S X,Lao K T.2007.A tentative discussion on genesis of lead-zinc deposits in northwest Hunan.Mineral Deposits,26(3):330-340]
张旭阳,杨阳,吕古贤,薛长军,高伟利,苗强军.2017.湘西李梅铅锌矿区外围地层碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其意义.矿物学报,37(4):427-433.[Zhang X Y,Yang Y,LüG X,Xue C J,Gao WL,Miao Q J.2017.Geochemical characteristics of carbonate rocks in the peripheral formation of Limei Lead and Zinc Mine area in Xiangxi area,China.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,37(4):427-433]
张自超.1995.中国某些元古宙及早寒武世碳酸盐岩石的锶同位素组成.地质论评,41(4):349-354.[Zhang Z C.1995.87Sr/86Sr data for some Middle-Late Proterozoic to Early Cambrian carbonate rocks in China.Geological Review,41(4):349-354]
赵爽,潘文,杨胜堂,尹廷龙,蒋天锐,田景江,陈玲,覃志贵.2016.湘西-黔东北地区下寒武统铅锌矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨.贵州地质,33(4):257-264.[Zhao S,Pan W,Yang S T,Yin T L,Jiang T R,Tian J J,Chen L,Qin Z G.2016.Geological characteristics and genesis of lead-zinc deposits by Lower Cambrian in western Hunan-Northeastern Guizhou area.Guizhou Geology,33(4):257-264]
周彬,田景江,沈红钱,吴位远,陈年军.2017.贵州松桃-万山地区铅锌矿控矿因素及找矿方向.地质科技情报,36(4):138-144.[Zhou B,Tian J J,Shen H Q,Wu W W,Chen N J.2017.Ore controlling factors of Pb-Zn deposits and prospecting directions in Songtao-Wanshan area,Guizhou.Geological Science and Technology Information,36(4):138-144]
周振昊,杜远生.2013.贵州铜仁枫木寨隐爆角砾岩筒的发现及地质意义.地质科技情报,32(1):94-98.[Zhou Z H,Du Y S.2013.Discovery and geological significance of the cryptoexplosive breccia rock pipe in Fengmuzhai,Tongren,Guizhou Province.Geological Science and Technology Information,32(1):94-98]
Bodnar R J.1993.Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-Na Cl solutions.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,57(3):683-684.
Davies G R,Smith L B.2006.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview.AAPG Bulletin,90(11):1641-1690.
Middleton K,Coniglio M,Sherlock R,Frape S K.1993.Dolomitization of Middle Ordovician carbonate reservoirs,southwestern Ontario.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,41(2):150-163.
Smith L B.2006.Origin and reservoir characteristics of Upper Ordovician Trenton-Black River hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in New York.AAPG Bulletin,90(11):1691-1718.