一株野生花脸香蘑的生物学特性及其栽培
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摘要
从采集自云南省临沧市的野生子实体上分离纯化获得菌株YAASM4210,采用形态学法结合ITS序列分子法鉴定为花脸香蘑(Lepista sordida)。对该菌株生物学特性进行研究并对其栽培料进行筛选。试验结果表明:该菌株菌丝生长的最适温度、培养基pH、光照条件、碳源和氮源分别为25℃、6.0~7.0、黑纸包裹、可溶性淀粉和蛋白胨。该菌株在4号配方培养料(40%新鲜牛粪,20%草坪粉,20%米糠,18%木屑,1%蔗糖和1%石膏)上生长优于其它参试培养料:菌丝萌发(2d)、封口(12d)、满袋(40d)以及子实体的采收(9d)均用时最短,头潮菇产量最高(每袋21.1g),但覆土后出菇时间(42d)最长。相对于野生子实体,人工栽培子实体菌盖的紫色减弱,采收后紫色消失较快。
Fungal mycelium isolated from a mushroom fruit body collected from the wild near Lincang City,Yunnan Province,was identified to be a strain of Lepista sordida,which was designated YAASM4210 based on sporophore morphology and ITS sequence analysis of mycelial DNA.YAASM4210 grew well at 25℃ over the pH range 6.0to 7.0and,of several compounds tested,the most effective carbon and nitrogen sources were soluble starch and peptone,respectively. Visible mycelial growth following inoculation of the cultivation substrate occurred most rapidly(after 2d),the times from inoculation to full colonization of the surface and the entire bulk of the substrate were shortest(12dand 40 d,respectively),on a cultivation substrate(pH unadjusted)consisting of 40% cow dung,20% lawn grass,20% rice bran,18% sawdust,1%sucrose and 1% gypsum.This substrate formula also gave rise to the highest number of fruit bodies within the shortest harvesting time(9d),and the maximal mushroom yield per bag(21.1g).The aroma and the purple color of the cultivated fruit body pilei were more delicate and lighter,respectively compared to fruit bodies collected from the wild.
Fungal mycelium isolated from a mushroom fruit body collected from the wild near Lincang City,Yunnan Province,was identified to be a strain of Lepista sordida,which was designated YAASM4210 based on sporophore morphology and ITS sequence analysis of mycelial DNA.YAASM4210 grew well at 25℃ over the pH range 6.0to 7.0and,of several compounds tested,the most effective carbon and nitrogen sources were soluble starch and peptone,respectively. Visible mycelial growth following inoculation of the cultivation substrate occurred most rapidly(after 2d),the times from inoculation to full colonization of the surface and the entire bulk of the substrate were shortest(12dand 40 d,respectively),on a cultivation substrate(pH unadjusted)consisting of 40% cow dung,20% lawn grass,20% rice bran,18% sawdust,1%sucrose and 1% gypsum.This substrate formula also gave rise to the highest number of fruit bodies within the shortest harvesting time(9d),and the maximal mushroom yield per bag(21.1g).The aroma and the purple color of the cultivated fruit body pilei were more delicate and lighter,respectively compared to fruit bodies collected from the wild.
引文
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[15]周会明,张焱珍,席亚丽,等.荷叶离褶伞优良菌株筛选[J].菌物学报,2014,33(2):208-217.
[16]周会明,柴红梅,赵静,等.基于SPSS的杨柳田头菇菌丝生长速度与交配型相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2011,23(6):1992-1998.
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[18]张洪海,李建国,何琳华,等.野生食用菌花脸香蘑菌丝体生物学特性研究初报[J].江苏农业科学,2006,34(2):120-121.
[19]郑焕春,葛江丽,栾泰龙,等.碳氮源对花脸香蘑菌丝生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,34(10):176-178.
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[21]华秀红,宋金俤,刘超,等.四株野生花脸香蘑的人工驯化栽培试验[J].浙江食用菌,2008,16(5):13-15.
[22]谢福泉,林远崇,蒋陈军,等.野生花脸香蘑人工控制条件栽培技术初探[J].菌物研究,2007,5(2):89-92.
[23]余养健,涂改临,黄贺.食用菌绿色栽培10项关键技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2013:28.
[24]冯作山,邹亚杰,胡清秀.白灵侧耳栽培过程中胞外酶和呼吸酶活及离子流速的研究[J].菌物学报,2014,33(2):341-354.
[25]HISCOX J,BALDRIAN P,ROGERS HJ,et al.Changes in oxidative enzyme activity during interspecific mycelial interactions involving the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor[J].Fungal Genet Biol,2010,47(6):562-571.
[26]LATEF AAHA,CHAOXING H.Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth,mineral nutrition,antioxidant enzymes activity and fruit yield of tomato grown under salinity stress[J].Sci Hortic-Amsterdam,2011,127(3):228-233.
[27]AZEVEDO S,CUNHA LM,FONSECA SC.Modelling the influence of time and temperature on the respiration rate of fresh oyster mushrooms[J].Food Sci Technol Int,2015,21(8):593-603.
[2]张京良.花脸香蘑(Lepista sordida)液体发酵及代谢产物的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[3]申慧彦.花脸蘑菌丝生物学特性及其胞外酶活性的研究[D].重庆:西南农业大学,2004.
[5]MAZUR X,BEEKER U,ANKE T,et al.Two new bioactive diterpenes from Lepista sordida[J].Phytochemisty,1996,43(2):405-407.
[5]蔡同一.对21世纪食品发展的展望[J].食品工业科技,2001,22(1):11-12.
[6]胡先运,李香莉,张勇民,等.花脸香蘑Lepista sordida(Fr)Sing的研究进展[J].中国食用菌,2006,25(5):20-22.
[7]邹莉,杨苑艺,孙婷婷,等.野生花脸香蘑的分离纯化及ITS序列鉴定[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(2):264.
[8]孟玲,王丽华,黄芳,等.花脸香蘑菌丝体培养特性的研究[J].食用菌学报,2010,17(3):41-45.
[9]田果廷,杨琼芬,徐学忠.紫花脸香蘑驯化栽培研究[J].食用菌学报,2003,10(1):52-56.
[10]王秀云.羊肚菌生物学特性的研究[J].食用菌,1998,20(1):13-14.
[11]CHEN WM,CHAI HM,ZHOU HM,et al.Phylogenetic analysis of the Agrocybe aegerita multispecies complex in Southwest China inferred from ITS and mtSSU rDNA sequences and mating tests[J].Ann Microbiol,2012,62(4):1791-1801.
[12]THOMPSON JD,GIBSON TJ,PLEWNIAK F,et al.The CLUSTAL X windows interface:flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1997,25(24):4876-4882.
[13]TAMURA K,DUDLEY J,NEI M,et al.MEGA4:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis(MEGA)software version 4.0[J].Mol Biol Evol,2007,24(8):1596-1599.
[14]周会明,张焱珍,王小明,等.一株斑玉蕈高产菌株生物学特性研究[J].种子,2014,33(3):27-30.
[15]周会明,张焱珍,席亚丽,等.荷叶离褶伞优良菌株筛选[J].菌物学报,2014,33(2):208-217.
[16]周会明,柴红梅,赵静,等.基于SPSS的杨柳田头菇菌丝生长速度与交配型相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2011,23(6):1992-1998.
[17]曲伟东.花脸香蘑的品种特性研究[D].福建:福建农林大学,2009.
[18]张洪海,李建国,何琳华,等.野生食用菌花脸香蘑菌丝体生物学特性研究初报[J].江苏农业科学,2006,34(2):120-121.
[19]郑焕春,葛江丽,栾泰龙,等.碳氮源对花脸香蘑菌丝生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,34(10):176-178.
[20]黄水珍.优良花脸香蘑人工驯化栽培技术研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[21]华秀红,宋金俤,刘超,等.四株野生花脸香蘑的人工驯化栽培试验[J].浙江食用菌,2008,16(5):13-15.
[22]谢福泉,林远崇,蒋陈军,等.野生花脸香蘑人工控制条件栽培技术初探[J].菌物研究,2007,5(2):89-92.
[23]余养健,涂改临,黄贺.食用菌绿色栽培10项关键技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2013:28.
[24]冯作山,邹亚杰,胡清秀.白灵侧耳栽培过程中胞外酶和呼吸酶活及离子流速的研究[J].菌物学报,2014,33(2):341-354.
[25]HISCOX J,BALDRIAN P,ROGERS HJ,et al.Changes in oxidative enzyme activity during interspecific mycelial interactions involving the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor[J].Fungal Genet Biol,2010,47(6):562-571.
[26]LATEF AAHA,CHAOXING H.Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth,mineral nutrition,antioxidant enzymes activity and fruit yield of tomato grown under salinity stress[J].Sci Hortic-Amsterdam,2011,127(3):228-233.
[27]AZEVEDO S,CUNHA LM,FONSECA SC.Modelling the influence of time and temperature on the respiration rate of fresh oyster mushrooms[J].Food Sci Technol Int,2015,21(8):593-603.