收获期对玉米籽粒产量和秸秆青贮品质的影响
|
摘要
本研究旨在探究不同收获期(CK:蜡熟中期;S1:蜡熟后期,推迟1周;S2:完熟前期,推迟2周;S3:完熟中期,推迟3周;S4完熟后期,推迟4周)对"玉米(Zea mays)-大豆(Glycine max)"套作模式中玉米籽实产量、秸秆营养成分及青贮品质的影响,以确定西南地区玉米综合利用的适宜收获期。结果表明:随着收获时期的推迟,玉米籽粒的产量呈先增加后持平的趋势,其中,S2处理玉米籽粒产量最高,较CK高9.47%(P<0.05);秸秆干物质(DM)含量、酸性洗涤性纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤性纤维(NDF)含量随收获时期延长而升高,其中CK、S1和S2处理的ADF和NDF含量无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著低于S3和S4处理;可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量则随收获期的推迟呈下降趋势(P<0.05),但均在干物质含量的8%以上。秸秆青贮饲料pH随收获期的延迟显著上升,但均低于4.2,乳酸(LA)含量则呈显著降低的趋势(P<0.05),所有处理青贮料中均未检测出丙酸(PA)和丁酸(BA)。各处理氨态氮∶总氮(NH3-N∶TN)随收获时期延长呈上升趋势,但均低于5%。综上,在保证籽粒产量的基础上,同时兼顾秸秆的营养品质,西南地区玉米的适宜收获时期为玉米籽粒的蜡熟后期至完熟前期。
The influence of the harvesting date of maize(CK:mid dough stage,harvesting on traditional date;S1:Late dough stage,harvesting delayed one week;S2:Early full ripening stage,harvesting delayed two weeks;S3:Mid full ripening stage,harvesting delayed three weeks;and S4:Late full ripening stage,harvesting delayed four weeks)on grain yield,and the nutritional value of straw and silage was investigated to determine the optimum harvesting date with a"Maize-Soybean"relay intercropping system in southwestern China.The results showed that the grain yield first increased together with increasing harvesting date until it reached a plateau.Grain yield was the highest at S2 being 9.47% higher than that of CK.The dry matter content(DM),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)of straw gradually increased together with the harvesting date.The ADF and NDF of CK,S1,and S2 were not statistically different;however,they were significantly lower than those of S3 and S4.The soluble carbohydrate content significantly decreased with the increasing harvesting date,but it was greater than 8% of that of DM.The pH values of silage significantly increased with the increasing harvesting date but were lower than 4.2,whereas the lactic acid content decreased(P<0.05).Propionic acid and butyric acid were not detected in all treatments.Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen in each treatment increased but was less than 5%of that of DM as harvesting date increased.In conclusion,the optimum harvesting date of corn was at the late dough stage to early full ripening stage in the southwest region,which guaranteed the highest grain yield and nutritional value.
The influence of the harvesting date of maize(CK:mid dough stage,harvesting on traditional date;S1:Late dough stage,harvesting delayed one week;S2:Early full ripening stage,harvesting delayed two weeks;S3:Mid full ripening stage,harvesting delayed three weeks;and S4:Late full ripening stage,harvesting delayed four weeks)on grain yield,and the nutritional value of straw and silage was investigated to determine the optimum harvesting date with a"Maize-Soybean"relay intercropping system in southwestern China.The results showed that the grain yield first increased together with increasing harvesting date until it reached a plateau.Grain yield was the highest at S2 being 9.47% higher than that of CK.The dry matter content(DM),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)of straw gradually increased together with the harvesting date.The ADF and NDF of CK,S1,and S2 were not statistically different;however,they were significantly lower than those of S3 and S4.The soluble carbohydrate content significantly decreased with the increasing harvesting date,but it was greater than 8% of that of DM.The pH values of silage significantly increased with the increasing harvesting date but were lower than 4.2,whereas the lactic acid content decreased(P<0.05).Propionic acid and butyric acid were not detected in all treatments.Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen in each treatment increased but was less than 5%of that of DM as harvesting date increased.In conclusion,the optimum harvesting date of corn was at the late dough stage to early full ripening stage in the southwest region,which guaranteed the highest grain yield and nutritional value.
引文
[1]刘治先.世界玉米经济的现状和发展趋势.国外农学-杂粮作物,1998(2):7-11.Liu Z X.The present situation and development trend of world corn economy.Foreign Agronomy-Food Crops,1998(2):7-11.(in Chinese)
[2]佟屏亚.从经验到科学——世界百年玉米改良史.玉米科学,2003(3):102.Tong P Y.Form experience to science a century history of the world corn improvement.Journal of Maize Sciences,2003(3):102.(in Chinese)
[3]翁凌云.我国玉米生产现状及发展对策分析.中国食物与营养,2010(1):22-25.Weng L Y.Status of corn production in china and its counter measures.Food and Nutrition in China,2010(1):22-25.(in Chinese)
[4]吴建宇,徐翠莲,任和平,苏祯禄,台国琴.玉米不同收获期的子粒品质研究.河南农业大学学报,1994(1):92-94.Wu J Y,Xu C L,Ren H P,Su Z L,Tai G Q.Study on the quality in different harvesting dates of corn.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Henanensis,1994(1):92-94.(in Chinese)
[5]杨凤.营养学(第二版).北京:中国农业出版社,1999.Yang F.Nutrition(2rd edition).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1999.(in Chinese)
[6]张素芳,高爽,庄文峰,杨猛.不同收获期对玉米产量的影响及气象因素分析.现代农业科技,2014(17):50-51,54.Zhang S F,Gao S,Zhuang W F,Yang M.Effect of different harvesting period on the yield of corn and analysis of meteorological factors.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2014(17):50-51,54.(in Chinese)
[7]冯鹏.品种与栽培技术对玉米产量及青贮质量的影响.北京:中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2011.Feng P.Effect of varieties and cultivation techniques on maize yield and silage quality.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011.(in Chinese)
[8]于明礼.收获期和氮肥运筹对不同类型饲用玉米产量及品质特性的影响.泰安:山东农业大学硕士学位论文,2009.Yu M L.The effect of harvest time and nitrogen operation on different forage corn yield and quality traits.Master Thesis.Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[9]马存金,刘鹏,巩常林,董树亭,杨今胜,刘少坤,贾春兰,张吉旺,赵斌.不同收获期对两种饲用玉米产量及饲用品质的影响.吉林农业科学,2012,37(3):31-35.Ma C J,Liu P,Gong C L,Dong S T,Yang J S,Liu S K,Jia C L,Zhang J W,Zhao B.Effects of harvest time on yield and quality of two different forage maize.Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2012,37(3):31-35.(in Chinese)
[10]杨浩哲,杨西光,程广伟,王跃卿,蔡海霞.不同收获期玉米青贮前后营养变化规律的研究.中国草食动物科学,2013,33(2):36-39.Yang H Z,Yang X G,Cheng G W,Wang Y Q,Cai H X.Effects of silage on the nutrient preservation of corn harvested in different periods.China Herbivore Science,2013,33(2):36-39.(in Chinese)
[11]祁宏伟,田子玉,姜怀志,张庆华.不同收获时间全株玉米青贮饲料在牛瘤胃内干物质降解率的研究.吉林农业大学学报,2001,23(4):97-99,110.Qi H W,Tian Z Y,Jiang H Z,Zhang Q H.DM degradability of corn silages harvested at different periods in the rumen of cattle.Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2001,23(4):97-99,110.(in Chinese)
[12]苗树君,曲永利,杨柳,韩华,姜宁.不同收获期玉米青贮营养成分在奶牛瘤胃内降解率的研究.动物营养学报,2007,19(2):172-176.Miao S J,Qu Y L,Yang L,Han H,Jiang N.Study on the rumen degradabilities of nutritional composition of corn silage harvested at different stages for diary cattle.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2007,19(2):172-176.(in Chinese)
[13]闫贵龙,田树飞,穆秀明,曹春梅,叶世峰,王瑞兵.糯玉米秸秆不同收获时间对其营养成分含量和干物质消化率的影响.畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(2):251-256.Yan G L,Tian S F,Mu X M,Cao C M,Ye S F,Wang R B.Influence of harvesting time on the nutritional components and dry matter digestibility of waxy corn stalks.Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2015,46(2):251-256.(in Chinese)
[14]赵丽华,余汝华,莫放,张晓明.不同收获和贮存时间对高油298玉米秸秆营养价值的影响.中国畜牧兽医,2004,31(8):11-13.Zhao L H,Yu R H,Mo F,Zhang X M.The effect of harvest and storage time on the nutritional value of high oil corn 298stalks.China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2004,31(8):11-13.(in Chinese)
[15]张学林,王群,赵亚丽,杨青华,李潮海.施氮水平和收获时期对夏玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响.应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2565-2572.Zhang X L,Wang Q,Zhao Y L,Yang Q H,Li C H.Effects of nitrogen fertilization rate and harvest time on summer maize grain yield and its quality.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(10):2565-2572.(in Chinese)
[16]王西芝,李继海,白洪立,王立功,李洪梅,蒋明洋.鲁西南地区夏直播玉米最佳收获时期研究.中国种业,2009(7):40-41.Wang X Z,Li J H,Bai H L,Wang L G,Li H M,Jiang M Y.Research on the suitable harvest time for summer maize in Southwest of Shandong Province.China Seed Industry,2009(7):40-41.(in Chinese)
[17]王洋.不同品种玉米植株在成熟过程中营养价值变化规律及青贮利用价值的研究.北京:中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.Wang Y.Study on the change of nutritional value and silage utilization value of different varieties of maize in maturing.Master Thesis.Beijing:China Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
[18]Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media.Journal of Dairy science,1980,33:64-75.
[19]侯建建,白春生,张庆,玉柱.单一和复合乳酸菌添加水平对苜蓿青贮营养品质及蛋白组分的影响.草业科学,2016,33(10):2119-2125.Hou J J,Bai C S,Zhang Q,Yu Z.Effects of different additive amount of single and multiple lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and protein fractions of alfalfa.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):2119-2125.(in Chinese)
[20]朱丹,张佩华,赵勋,刘士杰,张开展,William P Weirs,卜登攀.不同NDF与淀粉比例饲粮在奶牛瘤胃的降解特性.草业科学,2015,32(12):2122-2130.Zhu D,Zhang P H,Zhao X,Liu S J,Zhang K Z,William P Weirs,Bu D P.Rumen degradation characteristics of different neutral detergent fiber/starch ratio diets in dairy cattle.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):2122-2130.(in Chinese)
[21]任海伟,赵拓,李金平,李雪雁,李志忠,徐娜,王永刚,喻春来,高晓航,王晓力.玉米秸秆与废弃白菜混贮料的发酵特性及其乳酸菌分离鉴定.草业科学,2015,32(9):1508-1517.Ren H W,Zhao T,Li J P,Li X Y,Li Z Z,Xu N,Wang Y G,Yu C L,Gao X H,Wang X L.Identification of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation characteristics of mixed ensilages of corn stover and cabbage waste.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(9):1508-1517.(inChinese)
[22]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.Zhang L Y.Feed Analysis and Forage Quality Detection Technology.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[23]王敏玲,钟荣珍,周道玮.玉米适宜收获期及秸秆饲料利用方式的研究.干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):18-24,36.Wang M L,Zhong R Z,Zhou D W.Research on appropriate harvesting time of corn and utilization mode of straw forage.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(3):18-24,36.(in Chinese)
[24]路海东,薛吉全,马国胜,张仁和,张兴华,李凤艳,郝引川.收获期对不同栽培措施玉米产量及粒重的影响.玉米科学,2011,19(1):101-104.Lu H D,Xue J Q,Ma G S,Zhang R H,Zhang X H,Li F Y,Hao Y C.Effects of delaying harvester and different cultivation measures on yield and grain weight of maize.Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(1):101-104.(in Chinese)
[25]李洪梅,白洪立,王西芝,孟淑华,王立功,张娟.不同收获时期对夏直播玉米产量影响的试验.农业科技通讯,2008(6):80-82.Li H M,Bai H L,Wang X Z,Meng S H,Wang L G,Zhang J.Study on the effect of different harvest time on maize yield.Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(6):80-82.(in Chinese)
[26]崔卫东,董朝霞,张建国,魏建生,林禄成,张明.不同收割时间对甜玉米秸秆的营养价值和青贮发酵品质的影响.草业学报,2011,20(6):208-213.Cui W D,Dong Z X,Zhang J G,Wei J S,Lin L C,Zhang M.The nutrient components and ensilage fermentation quality of sweet corn stalks harvested at different times.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(6):208-213.(in Chinese)
[27]刘吉利,程序,谢光辉,熊韶峻,朱万斌.收获时间对玉米秸秆产量与燃料品质的影响.中国农业科学,2009,42(6):2229-2236.Liu J L,Cheng X,Xie G H,Xiong S J,Zhu W B.Effect of harvesting period on yield and fuel quality of corn stover.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(6):2229-2236.(in Chinese)
[28]Shinners K J,Binversie B N.Fractional yield and moisture of corn stover biomass produced in the Northern US Corn Belt.Biomass and Bioenergy,2007,31(8):576-584.
[29]郑凯,顾洪如,沈益新,丁成龙.牧草品质评价体系及品质育种的研究进展.草业科学,2006,23(5):57-61.Zheng K,Gu H R,Shen Y X,Ding C L.Research progress of forage quality evaluation system and quality breeding.Pratacultural Science,2006,23(5):57-61.(in Chinese)
[30]Wilkinson J M,Phipps R H.The development of plant component and their effect on the composition of fresh and ensiled forage maize:2.The effect of genotype,plant density and date of harvest on the composition of maize silage.Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92:484-492.
[31]Wilkinson J M,Chapman P F,Wilkins R J,Wilson R F.Interrelationships between pattern of fermentation during ensilage and initial crop composition.Lexington:Proceeding of the 14th International Grassland.1983:631-634.
[32]王成章,王恬.饲料学.北京:中国农业出版社,2003:127.Wang C Z,Wang T.Feedstuff.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003:127.(in Chinese)
[33]程银华,雷雪芹,徐廷生,王青青,田英申.玉米秸秆揉丝微贮与传统青贮饲料发酵过程中pH和微生物的变化.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(5):17-21.Cheng Y H,Lei X Q,Xu T S,Wang Q Q,Tian Y S.Changes of pH and microorganism during the fermentation of microbial and traditional silages with corn straw knead wire.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2014,42(5):17-21.(in Chinese)
[2]佟屏亚.从经验到科学——世界百年玉米改良史.玉米科学,2003(3):102.Tong P Y.Form experience to science a century history of the world corn improvement.Journal of Maize Sciences,2003(3):102.(in Chinese)
[3]翁凌云.我国玉米生产现状及发展对策分析.中国食物与营养,2010(1):22-25.Weng L Y.Status of corn production in china and its counter measures.Food and Nutrition in China,2010(1):22-25.(in Chinese)
[4]吴建宇,徐翠莲,任和平,苏祯禄,台国琴.玉米不同收获期的子粒品质研究.河南农业大学学报,1994(1):92-94.Wu J Y,Xu C L,Ren H P,Su Z L,Tai G Q.Study on the quality in different harvesting dates of corn.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Henanensis,1994(1):92-94.(in Chinese)
[5]杨凤.营养学(第二版).北京:中国农业出版社,1999.Yang F.Nutrition(2rd edition).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1999.(in Chinese)
[6]张素芳,高爽,庄文峰,杨猛.不同收获期对玉米产量的影响及气象因素分析.现代农业科技,2014(17):50-51,54.Zhang S F,Gao S,Zhuang W F,Yang M.Effect of different harvesting period on the yield of corn and analysis of meteorological factors.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2014(17):50-51,54.(in Chinese)
[7]冯鹏.品种与栽培技术对玉米产量及青贮质量的影响.北京:中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2011.Feng P.Effect of varieties and cultivation techniques on maize yield and silage quality.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011.(in Chinese)
[8]于明礼.收获期和氮肥运筹对不同类型饲用玉米产量及品质特性的影响.泰安:山东农业大学硕士学位论文,2009.Yu M L.The effect of harvest time and nitrogen operation on different forage corn yield and quality traits.Master Thesis.Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[9]马存金,刘鹏,巩常林,董树亭,杨今胜,刘少坤,贾春兰,张吉旺,赵斌.不同收获期对两种饲用玉米产量及饲用品质的影响.吉林农业科学,2012,37(3):31-35.Ma C J,Liu P,Gong C L,Dong S T,Yang J S,Liu S K,Jia C L,Zhang J W,Zhao B.Effects of harvest time on yield and quality of two different forage maize.Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2012,37(3):31-35.(in Chinese)
[10]杨浩哲,杨西光,程广伟,王跃卿,蔡海霞.不同收获期玉米青贮前后营养变化规律的研究.中国草食动物科学,2013,33(2):36-39.Yang H Z,Yang X G,Cheng G W,Wang Y Q,Cai H X.Effects of silage on the nutrient preservation of corn harvested in different periods.China Herbivore Science,2013,33(2):36-39.(in Chinese)
[11]祁宏伟,田子玉,姜怀志,张庆华.不同收获时间全株玉米青贮饲料在牛瘤胃内干物质降解率的研究.吉林农业大学学报,2001,23(4):97-99,110.Qi H W,Tian Z Y,Jiang H Z,Zhang Q H.DM degradability of corn silages harvested at different periods in the rumen of cattle.Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2001,23(4):97-99,110.(in Chinese)
[12]苗树君,曲永利,杨柳,韩华,姜宁.不同收获期玉米青贮营养成分在奶牛瘤胃内降解率的研究.动物营养学报,2007,19(2):172-176.Miao S J,Qu Y L,Yang L,Han H,Jiang N.Study on the rumen degradabilities of nutritional composition of corn silage harvested at different stages for diary cattle.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2007,19(2):172-176.(in Chinese)
[13]闫贵龙,田树飞,穆秀明,曹春梅,叶世峰,王瑞兵.糯玉米秸秆不同收获时间对其营养成分含量和干物质消化率的影响.畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(2):251-256.Yan G L,Tian S F,Mu X M,Cao C M,Ye S F,Wang R B.Influence of harvesting time on the nutritional components and dry matter digestibility of waxy corn stalks.Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2015,46(2):251-256.(in Chinese)
[14]赵丽华,余汝华,莫放,张晓明.不同收获和贮存时间对高油298玉米秸秆营养价值的影响.中国畜牧兽医,2004,31(8):11-13.Zhao L H,Yu R H,Mo F,Zhang X M.The effect of harvest and storage time on the nutritional value of high oil corn 298stalks.China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2004,31(8):11-13.(in Chinese)
[15]张学林,王群,赵亚丽,杨青华,李潮海.施氮水平和收获时期对夏玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响.应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2565-2572.Zhang X L,Wang Q,Zhao Y L,Yang Q H,Li C H.Effects of nitrogen fertilization rate and harvest time on summer maize grain yield and its quality.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(10):2565-2572.(in Chinese)
[16]王西芝,李继海,白洪立,王立功,李洪梅,蒋明洋.鲁西南地区夏直播玉米最佳收获时期研究.中国种业,2009(7):40-41.Wang X Z,Li J H,Bai H L,Wang L G,Li H M,Jiang M Y.Research on the suitable harvest time for summer maize in Southwest of Shandong Province.China Seed Industry,2009(7):40-41.(in Chinese)
[17]王洋.不同品种玉米植株在成熟过程中营养价值变化规律及青贮利用价值的研究.北京:中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.Wang Y.Study on the change of nutritional value and silage utilization value of different varieties of maize in maturing.Master Thesis.Beijing:China Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
[18]Broderica G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media.Journal of Dairy science,1980,33:64-75.
[19]侯建建,白春生,张庆,玉柱.单一和复合乳酸菌添加水平对苜蓿青贮营养品质及蛋白组分的影响.草业科学,2016,33(10):2119-2125.Hou J J,Bai C S,Zhang Q,Yu Z.Effects of different additive amount of single and multiple lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and protein fractions of alfalfa.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):2119-2125.(in Chinese)
[20]朱丹,张佩华,赵勋,刘士杰,张开展,William P Weirs,卜登攀.不同NDF与淀粉比例饲粮在奶牛瘤胃的降解特性.草业科学,2015,32(12):2122-2130.Zhu D,Zhang P H,Zhao X,Liu S J,Zhang K Z,William P Weirs,Bu D P.Rumen degradation characteristics of different neutral detergent fiber/starch ratio diets in dairy cattle.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):2122-2130.(in Chinese)
[21]任海伟,赵拓,李金平,李雪雁,李志忠,徐娜,王永刚,喻春来,高晓航,王晓力.玉米秸秆与废弃白菜混贮料的发酵特性及其乳酸菌分离鉴定.草业科学,2015,32(9):1508-1517.Ren H W,Zhao T,Li J P,Li X Y,Li Z Z,Xu N,Wang Y G,Yu C L,Gao X H,Wang X L.Identification of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation characteristics of mixed ensilages of corn stover and cabbage waste.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(9):1508-1517.(inChinese)
[22]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.Zhang L Y.Feed Analysis and Forage Quality Detection Technology.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[23]王敏玲,钟荣珍,周道玮.玉米适宜收获期及秸秆饲料利用方式的研究.干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):18-24,36.Wang M L,Zhong R Z,Zhou D W.Research on appropriate harvesting time of corn and utilization mode of straw forage.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(3):18-24,36.(in Chinese)
[24]路海东,薛吉全,马国胜,张仁和,张兴华,李凤艳,郝引川.收获期对不同栽培措施玉米产量及粒重的影响.玉米科学,2011,19(1):101-104.Lu H D,Xue J Q,Ma G S,Zhang R H,Zhang X H,Li F Y,Hao Y C.Effects of delaying harvester and different cultivation measures on yield and grain weight of maize.Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(1):101-104.(in Chinese)
[25]李洪梅,白洪立,王西芝,孟淑华,王立功,张娟.不同收获时期对夏直播玉米产量影响的试验.农业科技通讯,2008(6):80-82.Li H M,Bai H L,Wang X Z,Meng S H,Wang L G,Zhang J.Study on the effect of different harvest time on maize yield.Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(6):80-82.(in Chinese)
[26]崔卫东,董朝霞,张建国,魏建生,林禄成,张明.不同收割时间对甜玉米秸秆的营养价值和青贮发酵品质的影响.草业学报,2011,20(6):208-213.Cui W D,Dong Z X,Zhang J G,Wei J S,Lin L C,Zhang M.The nutrient components and ensilage fermentation quality of sweet corn stalks harvested at different times.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(6):208-213.(in Chinese)
[27]刘吉利,程序,谢光辉,熊韶峻,朱万斌.收获时间对玉米秸秆产量与燃料品质的影响.中国农业科学,2009,42(6):2229-2236.Liu J L,Cheng X,Xie G H,Xiong S J,Zhu W B.Effect of harvesting period on yield and fuel quality of corn stover.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(6):2229-2236.(in Chinese)
[28]Shinners K J,Binversie B N.Fractional yield and moisture of corn stover biomass produced in the Northern US Corn Belt.Biomass and Bioenergy,2007,31(8):576-584.
[29]郑凯,顾洪如,沈益新,丁成龙.牧草品质评价体系及品质育种的研究进展.草业科学,2006,23(5):57-61.Zheng K,Gu H R,Shen Y X,Ding C L.Research progress of forage quality evaluation system and quality breeding.Pratacultural Science,2006,23(5):57-61.(in Chinese)
[30]Wilkinson J M,Phipps R H.The development of plant component and their effect on the composition of fresh and ensiled forage maize:2.The effect of genotype,plant density and date of harvest on the composition of maize silage.Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92:484-492.
[31]Wilkinson J M,Chapman P F,Wilkins R J,Wilson R F.Interrelationships between pattern of fermentation during ensilage and initial crop composition.Lexington:Proceeding of the 14th International Grassland.1983:631-634.
[32]王成章,王恬.饲料学.北京:中国农业出版社,2003:127.Wang C Z,Wang T.Feedstuff.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003:127.(in Chinese)
[33]程银华,雷雪芹,徐廷生,王青青,田英申.玉米秸秆揉丝微贮与传统青贮饲料发酵过程中pH和微生物的变化.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(5):17-21.Cheng Y H,Lei X Q,Xu T S,Wang Q Q,Tian Y S.Changes of pH and microorganism during the fermentation of microbial and traditional silages with corn straw knead wire.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2014,42(5):17-21.(in Chinese)