用CNCPS体系评价不同品种扁杏皮的营养价值
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摘要
旨在应用康奈尔净碳水化合物—蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评价不同品种扁杏皮的营养价值。选择5个品种扁杏(班龙、优一、围选一号、新四号和龙王帽),测定其果皮的营养成分,并应用CNCPS理论计算其碳水化合物和蛋白质组分。结果显示,龙王帽扁杏皮粗蛋白(CP)含量最高,显著高于其他4种扁杏(P<0.05); 5个品种扁杏皮粗脂肪(EE)含量均小于3%;龙王帽中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和木质素(ADL)含量最高,与围选一号无显著差异(P>0.05),显著高于其他扁杏(P<0.05)。龙王帽非蛋白氮(PA)含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),不可降解蛋白质(PC)含量显著低于其他品种(P<0.05)。新四号碳水化合物(CHO)含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);其快速降解碳水化合物(CA)含量与班龙无显著差异,但显著高于优一、围选一号和龙王帽;其不可利用纤维(CC)含量与优一、班龙无显著差异,却显著低于其他品种(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,不同品种扁杏果皮在碳水化合物和蛋白质组分方面均存在较大差异。用扁杏果皮作动物饲料时,应对其营养价值进行实际测定或估测。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient values of the pericarps from different kernel apricot varieties using the Cornell net carbohydrate-protein system(CNCPS).Samples of five kernel apricot varieties were collected,and the carbohydrate and protein elements of each sample were calculated based on the analyzed contents of the gross nutrients and detergent components according to the equation introduced in the CNCPS model.The results showed as follows:The crude protein(CP) content in the pericarp of Longwangmao variety was the highest,and significantly higher than that of the other four varieties(P<0.05);the ether extract(EE) content in all varieties were lower than 3% DM.The neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF) and acid detergent lignin(ADL) contents in the pericarp of Longwangmao variety were the highest among the 5 varieties,and were significantly higher than that of the other varieties(P<0.05),except for the Weixuanyihao variety.The non-protein nitrogen(PA) content in the pericarp of the Longwangmao variety was significantly higher than that of the other varieties(P<0.05),while the non-degradable protein(PC) content was significantly lower than that of the others(P<0.05).The carbohydrate(CHO) content in the pericarp of the Xinsihao variety was significantly higher than that of the others(P<0.05).The rapidly degraded carbohydrate(CA) content in the pericarp of the Xinsihao and Banlong varieties showed no significant differences(P>0.05),but were significantly higher than that of Youyi,Weixuanyihao and Longwangmao varieties(P<0.05).The unavailable carbohydrate(CC) content in the pericarp of the Xinsihao and Banlong varieties showed no significant differences(P>0.05),but were significantly lower than that of the others.(P<0.05).To sum up,the carbohydrate fractions and protein contents were significantly different among different kernel apricot varieties.Therefore,it is recommended that the components and their nutrition values should be determined and estimated of the kernel apricot pericarp before it is used as animal feed.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient values of the pericarps from different kernel apricot varieties using the Cornell net carbohydrate-protein system(CNCPS).Samples of five kernel apricot varieties were collected,and the carbohydrate and protein elements of each sample were calculated based on the analyzed contents of the gross nutrients and detergent components according to the equation introduced in the CNCPS model.The results showed as follows:The crude protein(CP) content in the pericarp of Longwangmao variety was the highest,and significantly higher than that of the other four varieties(P<0.05);the ether extract(EE) content in all varieties were lower than 3% DM.The neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF) and acid detergent lignin(ADL) contents in the pericarp of Longwangmao variety were the highest among the 5 varieties,and were significantly higher than that of the other varieties(P<0.05),except for the Weixuanyihao variety.The non-protein nitrogen(PA) content in the pericarp of the Longwangmao variety was significantly higher than that of the other varieties(P<0.05),while the non-degradable protein(PC) content was significantly lower than that of the others(P<0.05).The carbohydrate(CHO) content in the pericarp of the Xinsihao variety was significantly higher than that of the others(P<0.05).The rapidly degraded carbohydrate(CA) content in the pericarp of the Xinsihao and Banlong varieties showed no significant differences(P>0.05),but were significantly higher than that of Youyi,Weixuanyihao and Longwangmao varieties(P<0.05).The unavailable carbohydrate(CC) content in the pericarp of the Xinsihao and Banlong varieties showed no significant differences(P>0.05),but were significantly lower than that of the others.(P<0.05).To sum up,the carbohydrate fractions and protein contents were significantly different among different kernel apricot varieties.Therefore,it is recommended that the components and their nutrition values should be determined and estimated of the kernel apricot pericarp before it is used as animal feed.
引文
[1]Sniffen C J,O'Connor J D,Van Soest P J,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:Ⅱ.Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].J Anim Sci,1992,70(11):3562-3577.
[2]赵金石.基于CNCPS模型思路的中国肉牛、奶牛营养动态模型的建立与应用[D].北京:中国农业大学,2008.
[3]靳玲品,李艳玲,屠焰,等.应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定我国北方奶牛常用粗饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(3):512-526.
[4]郝小燕,高红,张幸怡,等.应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系和NRC模型比较常用粗饲料和玉米纤维饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):842-850.
[5]王燕,刘晓兰,史丹丹,等.采用CPM模型研究奶牛泌乳中期DDGS的适宜添加量[J].饲料工业,2015,36(15):52-56.
[6]付洋洋,王鼎,拉腾珠拉,等.利用CNCPS法评价川西北舍饲牦牛养殖区常见粗饲料的营养价值[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(3):39-47.
[7]Van Soest P J,Sniffen C J,Mertens D R,et al.A net protein system for cattle:the rumen submodel for nitrogen[C].In:Owens F N.Protein requirements for cattle:proceedings of an international symposium[M].Stillwater:Oklahoma State University,1981:265.
[8]Krishnamoorthy U C,Sniffen C J,Stern M D,et al.Evaluation of mathematical of digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs[J].Brit J Nutr,1983,50(3):555-565.
[9]American Association of Cereal Chemistry(AACC).Approved Methods of the AACC[M].Saint Paul,Minnesota:American Association of Cereal Chemistry,1976.
[10]Fox D G,Edeschi L O,Ylutki T P,et al.The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion[J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2004,12:29-78.
[11]Tedeschi L O,Fox D G,Russell J B.Accounting for the effects of a ruminal nitrogen deficiency within the structure of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78(6):1648-1658.
[12]袁翠林,朱亚骏,于子洋,等.评价羊常用精饲料营养价值[J].中国饲料,2015(2):13-17.
[13]Fox D G,Sniffen C J,Oconnor J D,Van Soest P J.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:ⅢCattle requirementa and diet adquacy[J].J Anim Sci,1992,70:3578-3596.
[14]NRC.Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle.6th ed[S].Washington D C:National Academy Press,1989:40-50.
[15]NRC.Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle.6th ed[S].Washington D C:National Academy Press,2001:45-60.
[16]Zhou J H,Zou C X,Liang X W,et al.Evaluation of nutritive value of common roughages for guangxi water buffalo by Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system[J].Chin J Nutr,2011,23(12):2190-2197.
[17]李岩,杨军香,孟庆翔,等.应用CNCPS法和体外产气法评价苹果渣作为反刍动物非粮饲料的潜力[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(4):1001-1008.
[18]计成.动物营养学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[19]潘晓花,杨亮,杨琴,等.反刍动物饲料碳水化合物和蛋白质组分划分及消化道代谢规律[J].动物营养学报,2014,6(5):1134-1144.
[20]Nocek,J E.Bovine acidosis:implications on lameness[J].JDairy Sci,1997,80:1005-1028.
[21]李建云,柴贵宾,朱晓萍,等.辽宁绒山羊常用饲料营养价值评定[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(7):38-42.
[2]赵金石.基于CNCPS模型思路的中国肉牛、奶牛营养动态模型的建立与应用[D].北京:中国农业大学,2008.
[3]靳玲品,李艳玲,屠焰,等.应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定我国北方奶牛常用粗饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(3):512-526.
[4]郝小燕,高红,张幸怡,等.应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系和NRC模型比较常用粗饲料和玉米纤维饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):842-850.
[5]王燕,刘晓兰,史丹丹,等.采用CPM模型研究奶牛泌乳中期DDGS的适宜添加量[J].饲料工业,2015,36(15):52-56.
[6]付洋洋,王鼎,拉腾珠拉,等.利用CNCPS法评价川西北舍饲牦牛养殖区常见粗饲料的营养价值[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(3):39-47.
[7]Van Soest P J,Sniffen C J,Mertens D R,et al.A net protein system for cattle:the rumen submodel for nitrogen[C].In:Owens F N.Protein requirements for cattle:proceedings of an international symposium[M].Stillwater:Oklahoma State University,1981:265.
[8]Krishnamoorthy U C,Sniffen C J,Stern M D,et al.Evaluation of mathematical of digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs[J].Brit J Nutr,1983,50(3):555-565.
[9]American Association of Cereal Chemistry(AACC).Approved Methods of the AACC[M].Saint Paul,Minnesota:American Association of Cereal Chemistry,1976.
[10]Fox D G,Edeschi L O,Ylutki T P,et al.The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion[J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2004,12:29-78.
[11]Tedeschi L O,Fox D G,Russell J B.Accounting for the effects of a ruminal nitrogen deficiency within the structure of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78(6):1648-1658.
[12]袁翠林,朱亚骏,于子洋,等.评价羊常用精饲料营养价值[J].中国饲料,2015(2):13-17.
[13]Fox D G,Sniffen C J,Oconnor J D,Van Soest P J.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:ⅢCattle requirementa and diet adquacy[J].J Anim Sci,1992,70:3578-3596.
[14]NRC.Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle.6th ed[S].Washington D C:National Academy Press,1989:40-50.
[15]NRC.Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle.6th ed[S].Washington D C:National Academy Press,2001:45-60.
[16]Zhou J H,Zou C X,Liang X W,et al.Evaluation of nutritive value of common roughages for guangxi water buffalo by Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system[J].Chin J Nutr,2011,23(12):2190-2197.
[17]李岩,杨军香,孟庆翔,等.应用CNCPS法和体外产气法评价苹果渣作为反刍动物非粮饲料的潜力[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(4):1001-1008.
[18]计成.动物营养学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[19]潘晓花,杨亮,杨琴,等.反刍动物饲料碳水化合物和蛋白质组分划分及消化道代谢规律[J].动物营养学报,2014,6(5):1134-1144.
[20]Nocek,J E.Bovine acidosis:implications on lameness[J].JDairy Sci,1997,80:1005-1028.
[21]李建云,柴贵宾,朱晓萍,等.辽宁绒山羊常用饲料营养价值评定[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(7):38-42.