美国生猪粪污资源化利用经验对中国的启示
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摘要
随着中国生猪养殖业的发展,生猪养殖污染问题日益凸显,其中粪污是养殖污染中最大的污染源。美国生猪养殖业与粪污资源化利用水平处于世界前列,其先进的粪污资源化利用技术、细致的养殖场分类管理、严格的排放标准、完善的综合养分管理计划、健全的法律体系和全方位的技术支撑与培训教育体系对中国生猪粪污资源化利用有重要的启示意义。通过对美国生猪粪污资源化利用经验的梳理总结,分析两国在粪污资源化利用方面的异同点,提出中国生猪粪污资源化利用的发展思路,以促进中国生猪养殖业的可持续发展。
With the development of China's hogs breeding industry, the problem of hogs breeding pollution has become increasingly prominent, and manure is the largest source of pollution in aquaculture.The U.S. hogs breeding industry and the utilization level of manure resources are in the forefront of the world.Its advanced manure resource utilization technology, meticulous farm classification management, strict emission standards, improving comprehensive nutrient management plan, sound legal system, all the orientation technology and education system have important implications for the utilization of hogs manure in China. Based on the summary of American experience of resource utilization on hogs manure, the authors analyzed the similarities and differences between the two countries in the resources utilization of manure, and put forward the development ideas for the utilization of hogs manure in China for realizing the sustainable development of China's hogs breeding industry.
With the development of China's hogs breeding industry, the problem of hogs breeding pollution has become increasingly prominent, and manure is the largest source of pollution in aquaculture.The U.S. hogs breeding industry and the utilization level of manure resources are in the forefront of the world.Its advanced manure resource utilization technology, meticulous farm classification management, strict emission standards, improving comprehensive nutrient management plan, sound legal system, all the orientation technology and education system have important implications for the utilization of hogs manure in China. Based on the summary of American experience of resource utilization on hogs manure, the authors analyzed the similarities and differences between the two countries in the resources utilization of manure, and put forward the development ideas for the utilization of hogs manure in China for realizing the sustainable development of China's hogs breeding industry.
引文
[1]田海林,林聪,段娜.欧美养猪业典型发达国家对我国环保高压下养猪业发展的借鉴意义[J].猪业科学,2015(4):54-55.
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[2]全国畜牧总站.畜禽粪便资源化利用技术---种养结合模式[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2016.
[3]田义,陶红军.中美生猪养殖业污染防治政策工具对比分析[J].世界农业,2016(12):92-99.
[4]U.S.,Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Conservation Service.Draft Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning Technical Guidance,National Planning Procedures Handbook[EB/OL].[2018-10-20].http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/afo/cnmp_guide_index.html.
[5]吴娜伟,李琳.美国畜禽养殖污染防治管理对我国的启示[J].环境与可持续发展,2017,42(6):40-42.
[6]Ribaudo M,Cattaneo A,Agapoff J.Cost of Meeting Manure Nutrient Application Standards in Hog Production:The Roles of EQIP and Fertilizer Offsets[J].Review of Agricultural Economics,2010,26(4):430-444.
[7]金书秦,韩冬梅,王莉,等.畜禽养殖污染防治的美国经验[J].环境保护,2013,41(2):65-67.
[8]U.S.,Environmental Protection Agency.EPA Takes Important Step in Controlling Air Pollution from Farm Country Animal Feeding Operations[EB/OL].[2018-10-20].http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/a8f952395381d3968525701c005e65b5/a3b628e23af32f68852571d200618474Open Document/.
[9]U.S.,Environmental Protection Agency.Guide for the Agriculture and Livestock Sectors:Proposed Rule:Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases[EB/OL].[2018-10-20].http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html.2010.