批评话语分析40年之话语形成——兼谈对学术话语体系建构的启示
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摘要
不同于关注批评话语分析起源、连续性和总体性的文献综述,本文借助福柯关于话语形成的论述,对批评话语分析40年发展的话语实践在对象、陈述方式、概念和策略四个层面的话语形成进行考察,发现批评话语分析并非仅是学者发表其学术观点的表达行为,也不是简单地在推理体系中运作的学术写作活动,而是一部话语史,其中充满了对抗、变化和偶然。批评话语分析学者的权威和影响及相关话语的互动与角力构成了批评话语分析话语形成的主要内容。如此分析批评话语分析的发展对于思考学术话语体系构建的议题具有启发意义,由此提出相关的几个思考问题。
Different from reviews of critical discourse analysis(CDA) in terms of its origin, continuity and totality, this paper, in light of Foucault's account of discursive formation, reviews the discursive practice of CDA in terms of the discursive formation of objects, enunciative modalities, concepts and strategies. It is found that CDA is not merely the behavior of scholars who publish their works, nor is the activity of those who write papers on reasoning, but a history of discourse, which consists of contradiction,change and casualty. The power and influence of CDA scholars, the interaction and tension of relevant discourses constitute the main elements of the discursive formation of CDA. This type of analytical review sheds light on the often-discussed construction of academic discourse system, resulting in a proposal of some questions to reflect on.
Different from reviews of critical discourse analysis(CDA) in terms of its origin, continuity and totality, this paper, in light of Foucault's account of discursive formation, reviews the discursive practice of CDA in terms of the discursive formation of objects, enunciative modalities, concepts and strategies. It is found that CDA is not merely the behavior of scholars who publish their works, nor is the activity of those who write papers on reasoning, but a history of discourse, which consists of contradiction,change and casualty. The power and influence of CDA scholars, the interaction and tension of relevant discourses constitute the main elements of the discursive formation of CDA. This type of analytical review sheds light on the often-discussed construction of academic discourse system, resulting in a proposal of some questions to reflect on.
引文
[1] Fairclough, N. 1989. Language and Power[M]. London:Longman.
[2] Fairclough, N.&R. Wodak. 2012. Critical Discourse Analysis[A]. In H. Tian&P. Zhao(eds.)Critical Discourse Analysis:Essential Readings[C]. Tianjin:Nankai University Press.
[3] Foucault, M. 1972. Archaeology of Knowledge[M]. London:Tavistock Publications.
[4] Fowler, R. 1966. Essays on Style and Language[C]. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[5] Fowler, R. 1971. The Language of Literature:Some Linguistic Contributions to Criticism[M].London:Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[6] Fowler, R. et al. 1979. Language and Control[C]. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[7] Halliday, M. A. K. 1973. Explorations in the Functions of Language[M]. Landon:Edward ArnoldPublishers.
[8] Halliday, M. A. K. 1978. Language as Social Semiotic:The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M]. London:Edward Arnold Publishers.
[9] Krzyzanowski, M.&B. Forchtner. 2016. Theories and Concepts in Critical Discourse Studies:Facing Challenges, Moving Beyond Foundations[J]. Discourse&Society,(3):253-261.
[10] van Dijk, T. A. 1984. Prejudice in Discourse[M]. Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
[11] Wodak, R. 1989. Language, Power and Ideology:Studies in Political Discourse[C]. Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
[12] Wodak, R. 2012. The Discourse-historical Approach[A]. In H. Tian&P. Zhao(eds.)Critical Discourse Analysis:Essential Readings[C]. Tianjin:Nankai University Press.
[13]陈中竺. 1995.批评语言学述评[J].外语教学与研究,(1):21-27.
[14]丁建新,廖益清. 2001.批评话语分析述评[J].当代语言学,(4):305-310.
[15]莫伟民. 2005.莫伟民讲福柯[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
[16]穆军芳. 2016.国内批评话语分析研究进展的科学知识图谱分析(1995-2015)[J].山东外语教学,(6):26-34.
[17]田海龙. 2006.语篇研究的批评视角:从批评语言学到批评话语分析[J].山东外语教学,(2):41-47.
[18]田海龙. 2016a.话语研究的语言学范式:从批评话语分析到批评话语研究[J].山东外语教学,(6):3-9.
[19]田海龙. 2016b.跨文化交际的话语解读:再情景化模式[J].福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),(2):50-54, 60.
[20]田海龙,赵芃. 2012.导读:批评性语篇分析的主要概念、原则、方法及争论[A].田海龙,赵芃.批评性语篇分析:经典阅读[C].天津:南开大学出版社.
[21]辛斌. 2008.批评话语分析:批评与反思[J].外语学刊,(6):65-70.
[22]赵芃. 2017. 2016年国内批评话语分析研究综述[J].天津外国语大学学报,(4):72-79.
[23]朱慧超,李克. 2017.国内批评话语分析二十年——基于文献计量学方法[J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版),(6):111-117.
(1)关于“陈述”与“话语”两个术语,莫伟民(2005:200)也认为它们有着密切的联系,指出“话语的构成是陈述的扩散和分配的原则,话语就是隶属于同一个构成体系的陈述集合。陈述处于话语范围内,按照福柯的话说,陈述是话语的原子。”
(2)这部分内容引自南开大学张迈曾教授在第七届“当代中国新话语”国际学术研讨会(2017年11月3-5日,南昌)上的主旨发言。
[2] Fairclough, N.&R. Wodak. 2012. Critical Discourse Analysis[A]. In H. Tian&P. Zhao(eds.)Critical Discourse Analysis:Essential Readings[C]. Tianjin:Nankai University Press.
[3] Foucault, M. 1972. Archaeology of Knowledge[M]. London:Tavistock Publications.
[4] Fowler, R. 1966. Essays on Style and Language[C]. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[5] Fowler, R. 1971. The Language of Literature:Some Linguistic Contributions to Criticism[M].London:Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[6] Fowler, R. et al. 1979. Language and Control[C]. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[7] Halliday, M. A. K. 1973. Explorations in the Functions of Language[M]. Landon:Edward ArnoldPublishers.
[8] Halliday, M. A. K. 1978. Language as Social Semiotic:The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M]. London:Edward Arnold Publishers.
[9] Krzyzanowski, M.&B. Forchtner. 2016. Theories and Concepts in Critical Discourse Studies:Facing Challenges, Moving Beyond Foundations[J]. Discourse&Society,(3):253-261.
[10] van Dijk, T. A. 1984. Prejudice in Discourse[M]. Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
[11] Wodak, R. 1989. Language, Power and Ideology:Studies in Political Discourse[C]. Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
[12] Wodak, R. 2012. The Discourse-historical Approach[A]. In H. Tian&P. Zhao(eds.)Critical Discourse Analysis:Essential Readings[C]. Tianjin:Nankai University Press.
[13]陈中竺. 1995.批评语言学述评[J].外语教学与研究,(1):21-27.
[14]丁建新,廖益清. 2001.批评话语分析述评[J].当代语言学,(4):305-310.
[15]莫伟民. 2005.莫伟民讲福柯[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
[16]穆军芳. 2016.国内批评话语分析研究进展的科学知识图谱分析(1995-2015)[J].山东外语教学,(6):26-34.
[17]田海龙. 2006.语篇研究的批评视角:从批评语言学到批评话语分析[J].山东外语教学,(2):41-47.
[18]田海龙. 2016a.话语研究的语言学范式:从批评话语分析到批评话语研究[J].山东外语教学,(6):3-9.
[19]田海龙. 2016b.跨文化交际的话语解读:再情景化模式[J].福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),(2):50-54, 60.
[20]田海龙,赵芃. 2012.导读:批评性语篇分析的主要概念、原则、方法及争论[A].田海龙,赵芃.批评性语篇分析:经典阅读[C].天津:南开大学出版社.
[21]辛斌. 2008.批评话语分析:批评与反思[J].外语学刊,(6):65-70.
[22]赵芃. 2017. 2016年国内批评话语分析研究综述[J].天津外国语大学学报,(4):72-79.
[23]朱慧超,李克. 2017.国内批评话语分析二十年——基于文献计量学方法[J].华北理工大学学报(社会科学版),(6):111-117.
(1)关于“陈述”与“话语”两个术语,莫伟民(2005:200)也认为它们有着密切的联系,指出“话语的构成是陈述的扩散和分配的原则,话语就是隶属于同一个构成体系的陈述集合。陈述处于话语范围内,按照福柯的话说,陈述是话语的原子。”
(2)这部分内容引自南开大学张迈曾教授在第七届“当代中国新话语”国际学术研讨会(2017年11月3-5日,南昌)上的主旨发言。