流域面积对沟道泥石流发育的影响分析
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摘要
在泥石流发育和形成的影响因素中沟道流域面积的大小,不仅影响沟道比降、主沟长度等其它地貌形态指标,还对强降雨的汇集、松散物质的分布等地质、水文条件产生影响。通过不同区域(流域)泥石流沟道面积的大小分布和非线性特征统计表明,流域面积对泥石流发育和形成起控制作用,流域面积>30 km~2的沟道对泥石流的发育和形成不利。配方法用于计算大流域沟道泥石流峰值流量时结果往往偏大,建议采用折减合并法计算。
The size of the drainage basin area not only influences other landform morphological indicators such as the descent ratio of the channel,the length of the main ditch,but also affects the geological and hydrological conditions such as the collection of heavy rainfall and the distribution of loose materials. In this paper,the distribution and non-linear characteristics of the drainage area of gullies in different regions( watersheds) are used to statistically demonstrate that the basin area controls development of debris flows. Gully with a drainage area greater than 30 km~2 is detrimental to the development of debris flows. When the matching method is used to calculate the peak flow in a large watershed,the result is often too large,and it is recommended that the reduction and consolidation method be used according to the branch ditch.
The size of the drainage basin area not only influences other landform morphological indicators such as the descent ratio of the channel,the length of the main ditch,but also affects the geological and hydrological conditions such as the collection of heavy rainfall and the distribution of loose materials. In this paper,the distribution and non-linear characteristics of the drainage area of gullies in different regions( watersheds) are used to statistically demonstrate that the basin area controls development of debris flows. Gully with a drainage area greater than 30 km~2 is detrimental to the development of debris flows. When the matching method is used to calculate the peak flow in a large watershed,the result is often too large,and it is recommended that the reduction and consolidation method be used according to the branch ditch.
引文
[1]冯树荣.水工设计手册:第10卷边坡工程与地质灾害防治[M].第2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.
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[5]铁永波,李宗亮.磨西河流域泥石流流域形态的非线性特征[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(3):376-380.
[6]中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范:DZ/T 0220—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[7]中华人民共和国水利部.城市防洪工程设计规范:GB/T 50805—2012[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012.
[2]左登华,吕学军.南水北调西线一期工程区泥石流发育的非线性特征[J].国土与自然资源研究,2005(4):40-42.
[3]李俊才,胡卸文.金沙江向家坝库区泥石流发育状况及其沟谷形态的非线性特征[J].山地学报,2001,19(1):29-32.
[4]王协康,方铎.白龙江流域泥石流沟形态非线性研究[J].人民长江,1999,30(5):18-20.
[5]铁永波,李宗亮.磨西河流域泥石流流域形态的非线性特征[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(3):376-380.
[6]中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范:DZ/T 0220—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[7]中华人民共和国水利部.城市防洪工程设计规范:GB/T 50805—2012[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012.