冀东地区3个主栽春玉米品种的灌浆特性
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摘要
为确定冀东地区主栽春玉米的灌浆特性,以春玉米品种京农科728,郑单958,MC812为试材,研究了3个密度条件下(60 000,75 000,90 000株/hm~2)春玉米脱水速率与籽粒灌浆的变化动态。结果表明,随着灌浆时间的延长,各品种的籽粒脱水速率呈"快-慢-快"的变化趋势;籽粒灌浆期间百粒质量均呈现"慢-快-慢"的S型变化趋势;籽粒灌浆速率均呈现单峰曲线的变化趋势。在60 000株/hm~2种植密度下,京农科728和MC812达到最大灌浆速率;在75 000株/hm~2密度条件下,郑单958达到最大灌浆速率。随着密度的增加,各品种的灌浆持续期延长,平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率降低,最大灌浆速率出现的时间有后移的趋势。通径分析结果表明,灌浆速率最大时的生长量(X_2)对百粒质量的影响达到极显著水平。相关分析显示,渐增期脱水速率(D_1)和灌浆速率(R_1)呈极显著正相关。因此,在冀东地区春玉米品种的选择上,应注重选择籽粒平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率高,尤其是渐增期灌浆速率高的玉米品种,有利于干物质的迅速积累。
In order to determine the filling characteristics of main spring maize in Eastern Hebei Province, The spring maize varieties Jingnongke728, Zhengdan 958 and MC812 were selected as the test materials to study the dynamics of dehydration rate and grain filling of spring maize under three densities.(60,000 plants/hm~2,75,000 plants/hm~2, 90,000 plants/hm~2).The results indicated that with the extension of grouting time, the dehydration rate of grain of each variety showed a trend of "fast-slow-fast". During grain filling, the 100-grain weight showed a "slow-fast-slow" S-type change trend, the grain filling rate showed a trend of single peak curve, At the planting density of 60,000 plants/hm~2, Jingnongk 728 and MC812 reached the maximum filling rate. Under the condition of 75,000 plants/hm~2 density, Zhengdan 958 reached the maximum filling rate. With the increase of density, the grouting duration of each variety was prolonged, the average filling rate and the maximum filling rate were decreased, and the time when the maximum filling rate appeared showed a trend of backward movement. The results of diameter analysis showed that the growth rate(X_2) at the maximum grouting rate had an extremely significant effect on the 100-grain weight. Correlation analysis showed that the increasing dehydration rate(D_1) and the filling rate(R_1) showed a very significant positive correlation. Therefore, in the selection of spring maize varieties in Eastern Hebei Province, attention should be paid to the selection of maize varieties with high average and maximum filling rates, especially those with high filling rates in the growing stage, which are conducive to the rapid accumulation of dry matter.
In order to determine the filling characteristics of main spring maize in Eastern Hebei Province, The spring maize varieties Jingnongke728, Zhengdan 958 and MC812 were selected as the test materials to study the dynamics of dehydration rate and grain filling of spring maize under three densities.(60,000 plants/hm~2,75,000 plants/hm~2, 90,000 plants/hm~2).The results indicated that with the extension of grouting time, the dehydration rate of grain of each variety showed a trend of "fast-slow-fast". During grain filling, the 100-grain weight showed a "slow-fast-slow" S-type change trend, the grain filling rate showed a trend of single peak curve, At the planting density of 60,000 plants/hm~2, Jingnongk 728 and MC812 reached the maximum filling rate. Under the condition of 75,000 plants/hm~2 density, Zhengdan 958 reached the maximum filling rate. With the increase of density, the grouting duration of each variety was prolonged, the average filling rate and the maximum filling rate were decreased, and the time when the maximum filling rate appeared showed a trend of backward movement. The results of diameter analysis showed that the growth rate(X_2) at the maximum grouting rate had an extremely significant effect on the 100-grain weight. Correlation analysis showed that the increasing dehydration rate(D_1) and the filling rate(R_1) showed a very significant positive correlation. Therefore, in the selection of spring maize varieties in Eastern Hebei Province, attention should be paid to the selection of maize varieties with high average and maximum filling rates, especially those with high filling rates in the growing stage, which are conducive to the rapid accumulation of dry matter.
引文
[1] 武文明,王世济,陈洪俭.播期与密度对沿淮行蓄洪区玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(5):35-37.
[2] 张莉,赵雪,曲令华,等.外源ABA处理对离体玉米子粒灌浆特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(4):67-74.
[3] 杨青华,黄勇,马二培,等.不同质地土壤对高油玉米子粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(3):71-74,79.
[4] 李绍长,陆嘉惠,孟宝民,等.玉米子粒胚乳细胞增殖与库容充实的关系[J].玉米科学,2000,8(4):45-47.
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[6] Kang M S,Zuber M S,Colbert T R,et al.Effects of certain agronomic traits on and relationship between rates of grain-moisture reduction and grain fill during the filling period in maize[J].Field Crops Research,1986,14:339-347.
[7] 高玉红,吴兵,姜寒玉,等.覆膜时期对全膜双垄沟播玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):30-35,40.
[8] 聂林雪,逄焕成,朱海燕,等.播期与密度对郑单958产量形成的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(5):104-108.
[9] 刘明,齐华,张卫建,等.深松与施氮方式对春玉米子粒灌浆及产量和品质的影响[J].玉米科学,2013,21(3):115-119,130.
[10] 王乐,康建宏,梁熠,等.控释/普通尿素配施对春玉米籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(10):2054-2061.
[11] 李秀枝,黄智鸿,袁进成,等.植物生长调节剂对玉米籽粒灌浆特性及粒重的影响[J].河北北方学院学报(自然科学版),2015,31(2):41-44.
[12] Nass H G,Reiser B.Grain filling period and grain yield relationships in spring wheat[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1975,55(3):673-678.
[13] Bola?os J.Physiological bases for yield differences in selected maize cultivars from Central America[J].Field Crops Research,1995,42(2/3):69-80.
[14] 刘宗华,张战辉.玉米籽粒灌浆速率研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(11):148-153.
[2] 张莉,赵雪,曲令华,等.外源ABA处理对离体玉米子粒灌浆特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(4):67-74.
[3] 杨青华,黄勇,马二培,等.不同质地土壤对高油玉米子粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(3):71-74,79.
[4] 李绍长,陆嘉惠,孟宝民,等.玉米子粒胚乳细胞增殖与库容充实的关系[J].玉米科学,2000,8(4):45-47.
[5] 李璐璐,明博,高尚,等.夏玉米籽粒脱水特性及与灌浆特性的关系[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(10):1 878-1 889.
[6] Kang M S,Zuber M S,Colbert T R,et al.Effects of certain agronomic traits on and relationship between rates of grain-moisture reduction and grain fill during the filling period in maize[J].Field Crops Research,1986,14:339-347.
[7] 高玉红,吴兵,姜寒玉,等.覆膜时期对全膜双垄沟播玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):30-35,40.
[8] 聂林雪,逄焕成,朱海燕,等.播期与密度对郑单958产量形成的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(5):104-108.
[9] 刘明,齐华,张卫建,等.深松与施氮方式对春玉米子粒灌浆及产量和品质的影响[J].玉米科学,2013,21(3):115-119,130.
[10] 王乐,康建宏,梁熠,等.控释/普通尿素配施对春玉米籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(10):2054-2061.
[11] 李秀枝,黄智鸿,袁进成,等.植物生长调节剂对玉米籽粒灌浆特性及粒重的影响[J].河北北方学院学报(自然科学版),2015,31(2):41-44.
[12] Nass H G,Reiser B.Grain filling period and grain yield relationships in spring wheat[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1975,55(3):673-678.
[13] Bola?os J.Physiological bases for yield differences in selected maize cultivars from Central America[J].Field Crops Research,1995,42(2/3):69-80.
[14] 刘宗华,张战辉.玉米籽粒灌浆速率研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(11):148-153.