低剂量辐射对铀矿工健康潜在的影响
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摘要
目的探讨低剂量辐射对铀矿工人健康的损害作用。方法把某铀矿的工作人员按工种是否接触辐射有害因素,同时考虑年龄、性别的构成分为暴露组81人和对照组81人,对两组人员的血象学、肝肾功能、脂质学及甲状腺功能、微核检出率等指标进行检测并分析其差异。结果暴露组与对照组白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血小板(platelet,PLT)、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、总蛋白(total protein,TP)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CH)、甘油三脂(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)等的异常率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)(38.27%vs.22.22%)、间接胆红素(indirect bilirubin,IBIL)(38.27%vs.22.22%)差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.945,P=0.040),血清游离三碘原氨酸(serum free triiodothyronine,FT3)(51.85%vs.34.57%)差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.930,P=0.039),血清游离甲状腺素(serum free thyroxine, FT4)、血清促甲状腺激素(serum thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);暴露组微核检出率为96.29%。结论低剂量辐射对铀矿工可产生肝功能、甲状腺功能损害和DNA损伤。
Objective To explore the damage of low-dose radiation on the health of uranium miners. Methods All the employees of a uranium mine were divided into the exposure group and the control group(each n=81) based on works with or without harmful radiation factor exposure as well as age and gender composition. The hemogram, liver and kidney functions, lipidology, thyroid function, micronucleus detection rate and other indicators of the two groups were detected, and the differences were analyzed. Results No statistically significant differences were found in the abnormal rates of white blood cell(WBC), red blood cell(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), platelet(PLT), percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphocytes, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), total protein(TP), uric acid(UA), cholesterol(CH), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)between the exposed group and the control group(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in total bilirubin(TBIL) and indirect bilirubin(IBIL)(38.27% vs. 22.22%, 38.27% vs. 22.22%, χ~2=4.945, P=0.040)as well as in serum free triiodothyronine(FT3)(51.85% vs. 34.57%, χ~2=4.930, P=0.039)between the two groups, but no statistically significant differences were observed in serum free thyroxine(FT4) and serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)(P>0.05). The micronucleus detection rate of the exposed group was 96.29%. Conclusions Low-dose radiation can cause liver and thyroid dysfunction and DNA damage in uranium miners.
Objective To explore the damage of low-dose radiation on the health of uranium miners. Methods All the employees of a uranium mine were divided into the exposure group and the control group(each n=81) based on works with or without harmful radiation factor exposure as well as age and gender composition. The hemogram, liver and kidney functions, lipidology, thyroid function, micronucleus detection rate and other indicators of the two groups were detected, and the differences were analyzed. Results No statistically significant differences were found in the abnormal rates of white blood cell(WBC), red blood cell(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), platelet(PLT), percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphocytes, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), total protein(TP), uric acid(UA), cholesterol(CH), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)between the exposed group and the control group(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in total bilirubin(TBIL) and indirect bilirubin(IBIL)(38.27% vs. 22.22%, 38.27% vs. 22.22%, χ~2=4.945, P=0.040)as well as in serum free triiodothyronine(FT3)(51.85% vs. 34.57%, χ~2=4.930, P=0.039)between the two groups, but no statistically significant differences were observed in serum free thyroxine(FT4) and serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)(P>0.05). The micronucleus detection rate of the exposed group was 96.29%. Conclusions Low-dose radiation can cause liver and thyroid dysfunction and DNA damage in uranium miners.
引文
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[13]陈满连,蔡木蔚,李笑梅,等.长期低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员甲状腺功能的影响[J].现代诊断与治疗,2017,28(11):2056-2057.
[14]钱小莲.南京市2 019名放射工作人员甲状腺激素水平分析[J].中国辐射卫生,2017,26(1):52-54.
[15]王娜,梁婧,罗环.放射医护人员甲状腺FT3、FT4和TSH水平分析[J].职业与健康,2015,31(24):3498-3500.
[16]伍岳,梁婧,夏春娟,等.甲状腺功能检查在医学放射工作人员职业健康检查中的应用价值[J].职业与健康,2014,30(19):2709-2712.
[17]黄敏,黄志红,钟晓红,等.血清TH水平与甲状腺功能异常患者关系的探讨[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(7):876-878.
[18]龚婧婧,黄海涛,米其利,等.微核技术研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2012,28(3):49-56.
[19]牛丽梅,刘刚,雷红玉,等.2011-2012年某铀矿放射工作人员健康状况调查[J].疾病预防控制通报,2014,29(1):42-43.
[20]马子建,杨晓兰.300例放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核及染色体畸变情况调查[J].中国辐射卫生,2011,20(2):192-193.
[2]王静子低剂量辐射诱导的基因组不稳定性与DNA甲基化相关性研究[J].医学研究生学报,2013,26(8):855-858.
[3]Kim DC,Kang M,Biswas A,et al.Effects of low dose ionizing radiation on DNA damage-caused pathways by reverse-phase protein array and Bayesian networks[J].J Bioinform Comput Biol,2017,15(2):1750006.
[4]Chadwick KH.Towards a new dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor(DDREF)?Some comments[J].J Radiol Prot,2017,37(2):422-433.
[5]放射工作人员职业健康管理办法[J].首都公共卫生,2007,1(5):191-194.
[6]徐建军.GBZ 98-2017《放射工作人员健康要求》解读[J].劳动保护,2018,66(1):92-93.
[7]Li HH,Wang YW,Chen R,et al.Ionizing radiation impairs T cell activation by affecting metabolic reprogramming[J].Int J Biol Sci,2015,11(7):726-736.
[8]Ivanov VK,Kashcheev VV,Maksioutov MA,et al.Clinical and dosimetric information to support long-term cohort study of chernobyl CLEAN-UP workers in Russia[J].Radiat Prot Dosimetry,2018,182(1):163-169.
[9]Little MP,Kitahara CM,Cahoon EK,et al.Occupational radiation exposure and risk of cataract incidence in a cohort of US radiologic technologists[J].Eur J Epidemiol,2018,8:1-13.
[10]王蒙杰,杨非,陈超,等.低剂量辐射对从业者造血系统指标的影响分析[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(12):2137-2139.
[11]妥娅,赵永成.低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员肝功能的影响[J].基础医学与临床,2017,37(12):1738-1740.
[12]杨平,刘军,赵生友,等.某油田放射工作人员健康状况调查[J].中国卫生工程学,2017,16(5):629-630.
[13]陈满连,蔡木蔚,李笑梅,等.长期低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员甲状腺功能的影响[J].现代诊断与治疗,2017,28(11):2056-2057.
[14]钱小莲.南京市2 019名放射工作人员甲状腺激素水平分析[J].中国辐射卫生,2017,26(1):52-54.
[15]王娜,梁婧,罗环.放射医护人员甲状腺FT3、FT4和TSH水平分析[J].职业与健康,2015,31(24):3498-3500.
[16]伍岳,梁婧,夏春娟,等.甲状腺功能检查在医学放射工作人员职业健康检查中的应用价值[J].职业与健康,2014,30(19):2709-2712.
[17]黄敏,黄志红,钟晓红,等.血清TH水平与甲状腺功能异常患者关系的探讨[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(7):876-878.
[18]龚婧婧,黄海涛,米其利,等.微核技术研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2012,28(3):49-56.
[19]牛丽梅,刘刚,雷红玉,等.2011-2012年某铀矿放射工作人员健康状况调查[J].疾病预防控制通报,2014,29(1):42-43.
[20]马子建,杨晓兰.300例放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核及染色体畸变情况调查[J].中国辐射卫生,2011,20(2):192-193.