呼伦贝尔人工栽培草地土壤微生物对无芒雀麦不同播种密度的响应
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摘要
为明确呼伦贝尔地区人工栽培草地无芒雀麦的适宜播种密度,在呼伦贝尔人工栽培草地播种密度控制平台按照播种密度由低到高设置5个处理组,分别为W1(7.5kg·hm-2)、W2(15.0kg·hm-2)、W3(22.5kg·hm-2)、W4(30.0kg·hm-2)、W5(37.5kg·hm-2),研究土壤微生物对无芒雀麦播种密度的响应特征,并分析了呼吸熵的主要影响因素。结果表明:随着无芒雀麦播种密度的增加,不同时期下无芒雀麦地上生物量呈先升高后降低的趋势,W4(30.0kg·hm-2)达到最大值829.4kg·hm-2,W3(22.5kg·hm-2)其次,地下生物量间差异不显著;微生物特性和土壤酶活性中微生物量碳主要呈现先降低后升高的趋势;微生物量氮土壤浅层0~10cm总体变化平稳,土壤深层10~20cm呈下降趋势;土壤酶活性的数值显示在第1次刈割期显著高于第2次刈割期,但同时期之间差异不显著;通过探求呼吸熵的主要影响因素结合其影响系数,可得出土壤微生物特性及酶活性对无芒雀麦W4(30.0kg·hm-2)播种密度具有最佳响应。
In this study,an experiment with different sowing densities of Bromusinermis:W1(7.5 kg·ha-1),W2(15 kg·ha-1),W3(22.5 kg·ha-1),W4(30 kg·ha-1)and W5(37.5 kg·ha-1)was conducted to investigate the effect of sowing density on soil microbial characteristics and enzyme(urease,phosphatase and catalase)activities.The aboveground biomass of B.inermis increased with sowing density to W4(30.0 kg·ha-1),and then was decreased at W5 compared to W4.There was no significant difference between the sowing densities in belowground biomass.For microbial biomass-C,the lowest values occurred at medium sowing densities.Microbial biomass-N in the 0-10 cm soil layer barely changed with sowing density,while in the 10-20 cm soil layer it decreased with increasing sowing density.The soil enzyme activity in the first cutting period was significantly higher than that in the second cutting period,but there was no significant difference among sowing densities within the same regrowth period.Soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities were optimized at W4(30.0 kg·ha-1).
In this study,an experiment with different sowing densities of Bromusinermis:W1(7.5 kg·ha-1),W2(15 kg·ha-1),W3(22.5 kg·ha-1),W4(30 kg·ha-1)and W5(37.5 kg·ha-1)was conducted to investigate the effect of sowing density on soil microbial characteristics and enzyme(urease,phosphatase and catalase)activities.The aboveground biomass of B.inermis increased with sowing density to W4(30.0 kg·ha-1),and then was decreased at W5 compared to W4.There was no significant difference between the sowing densities in belowground biomass.For microbial biomass-C,the lowest values occurred at medium sowing densities.Microbial biomass-N in the 0-10 cm soil layer barely changed with sowing density,while in the 10-20 cm soil layer it decreased with increasing sowing density.The soil enzyme activity in the first cutting period was significantly higher than that in the second cutting period,but there was no significant difference among sowing densities within the same regrowth period.Soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities were optimized at W4(30.0 kg·ha-1).
引文
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[20]Hu Y L,Wang S L,Huang Y,et al.Effects of litter chemistry on soil biological property and enzymatic activity.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(10):2662-2668.胡亚林,汪思龙,黄宇,等.凋落物化学组成对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响.生态学报,2005,25(10):2662-2668.
[21]Li Y J,Sun C C,Cao G M,et al.Study on plant biomass and soil nutrients under different land use patterns in three-river headwater area.Grassland and Turf,2016,(4):48-53.李亚娟,孙灿灿,曹广民,等.三江源区不同利用方式草地生物量及土壤养分特征.草原与草坪,2016,(4):48-53.
[22]Cui X X,Tian X M,Wang J,et al.Introduction of Bromus stamineus Desv and it’s performance in cultivation trial.Resources and Environment in Arid Area,2008,22(6):194-199.崔向新,田秀民,汪季,等.引进美国无芒雀麦栽培技术的研究.干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(6):194-199.
[23]Li Y M,Hu J C,Wang S L,et al.Function and application of soil microorganisms in forest ecosystem.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(10):1943-1946.李延茂,胡江春,汪思龙,等.森林生态系统中土壤微生物的作用与应用.应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1943-1946.
[24]Powlson D S,Brookes P C,Christensen B T.Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1987,19(2):159-164.
[25]Bárcenas-Moreno G,Rousk J,Bth E.Fungal and bacterial recolonisation of acid and alkaline forest soils following artificial heat treatments.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(5):1023-1033.
[26]Min C J,Wan H E,Ming H X,et al.Accumulation and decomposition of litter in the semiarid enclosed grassland.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(4):1207-1212.
[27]Wang L D,Yao T,Wang F L,et al.Soil microbial soil enzyme activity in a discontinued farmland by the lower Shiyang river.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(15):4769-4779.王理德,姚拓,王方琳,等.石羊河下游退耕地土壤微生物变化及土壤酶活性.生态学报,2016,36(15):4769-4779.
[28]Wang N,Wang M J,Li S L,et al.Effects of precipitation variation on growing seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass in broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(5):1297-1305.王宁,王美菊,李世兰,等.降水变化对红松阔叶林土壤微生物生物量生长季动态的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1297-1305.
[29]Song R,Wu C S,Mu J M,et al.Effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzyme activities.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(3):303-306.宋日,吴春胜,牟金明,等.玉米根茬留田对土壤微生物量碳和酶活性动态变化特征的影响.应用生态学报,2002,13(3):303-306.
[30]Zhu H Q,Li Y H,Li F D.Seasonal variations of soil enzyme activities in typical plant communities in the Ebinur Lake wetland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(4):1145-1154.朱海强,李艳红,李发东.艾比湖湿地典型植物群落土壤酶活性季节变化特征.应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1145-1154.
[31]Li X S,Wu N,Liu L,et al.Effects of different straw recycling and tillage methods on soil respiration and microbial activity.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(6):1765-1771.李晓莎,武宁,刘玲,等.不同秸秆还田和耕作方式对夏玉米农田土壤呼吸及微生物活性的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1765-1771.
[32]Huang Y M,An S S,Xue H.Responses of soil microbial biomass C and N and respiratory quotient(qCO2)to revegetation on the Loess Hilly-Gully region.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(6):2811-2818.黄懿梅,安韶山,薛虹.黄土丘陵区草地土壤微生物C、N及呼吸熵对植被恢复的响应.生态学报,2009,29(6):2811-2818.
[2]Zhao X L,Cheng H T,LüG H,et al.Advances in soil microbial biomass.Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2006,22(4):68-72.赵先丽,程海涛,吕国红,等.土壤微生物生物量研究进展.气象与环境学报,2006,22(4):68-72.
[3]Yu S,Li Z G.Advances in the determination of soil microbial biomass by fumigation extraction.Progress in Soil Science,1994,(6):42-50.俞慎,李振高.薰蒸提取法测定土壤微生物量研究进展.土壤学进展,1994,(6):42-50.
[4]Cao H,Yang H,Sun B,et al.Characteristics of microbial biomass and enzyme activities in vegetable garden soil at different planting times.Soil,2002,34(4):197-200.曹慧,杨浩,孙波,等.不同种植时间菜园土壤微生物生物量和酶活性变化特征.土壤,2002,34(4):197-200.
[5]Fierer N,Strickland M S,Liptzin D,et al.Global patterns in belowground communities.Ecology Letters,2009,12(11):1238-1249.
[6]Anderson T H,Domsch K H.Application of cophysiological quotients(qCO2and qD)on microbial biomasses from soils of different cropping histories.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1990,22(2):251-255.
[7]Zhou Z H,Wang C K.Changes of the relationships between soil and microbes in carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry during ecosystem succession.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,40(12):1257-1266.周正虎,王传宽.生态系统演替过程中土壤与微生物碳氮磷化学计量关系的变化.植物生态学报,2016,40(12):1257-1266.
[8]Zhou Z H,Wang C K.Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China’s forest ecosystems.Biogeosciences Discussions,2015,12(14):11191-11216.
[9]Wang Y,Han B,Shi Z Q,et al.Effects of conservation tillage on soil microbial characters and soil enzyme activities.Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(4):120-122.王芸,韩宾,史忠强,等.保护性耕作对土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响.水土保持学报,2006,20(4):120-122.
[10]Xu L J,Tang H J,Yang G X,et al.Variation of net ecosystem carbon flux and its impact factors on Spita baicalensis steppe in the growing season.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(6):287-292.徐丽君,唐华俊,杨桂霞,等.贝加尔针茅草原生态系统生长季碳通量及其影响因素分析.草业学报,2011,20(6):287-292.
[11]Yang D L.Relationship between Productivity and Species Diversity of Plant Community in Hulunber Grassland.Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2005.杨殿林.呼伦贝尔草原群落植物多样性与生产力关系的研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2005.
[12]Cui X Y,Wang Y F,Du Z C.Primary study on soil respiration of main plant communities in typical grasslands in Inner Mongolia.Acta Agrestia Sinica,1999,7(3):245-250.崔骁勇,王艳芬,杜占池.内蒙古典型草原主要植物群落土壤呼吸的初步研究.草地学报,1999,7(3):245-250.
[13]Ogola J B O,Wheeler T R,Harris P M.Effects of nitrogen and irrigation on water use of maize crops.Field Crops Research,2002,78(2):105-117.
[14]Guo M Y,Xu L J,Yang G X,et al.Effects of different cutting intervals on soil respiration in mowing grassland in Leymus chinensis meadow steppe.Grassland and Turf,2010,30(6):10-14.郭明英,徐丽君,杨桂霞,等.不同刈割间隔对羊草草甸草原割草地土壤呼吸的影响.草原与草坪,2010,30(6):10-14.
[15]Yao H Y,Huang C Y.Soil Microbial Ecology and Its Experimental Technique.Beijing:Science Press,2006:55-93.姚槐应,黄昌勇.土壤微生物生态学及其实验技术.北京:科学出版社,2006:55-93.
[16]Chen G,Liu Y Y,Yao H Y,et al.A method for measuring microbial biomass C in waterlogged soil chloroform fumigation extraction—water bath method.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,43(6):981-988.陈果,刘岳燕,姚槐应,等.一种测定淹水土壤中微生物生物量碳的方法:液氯熏蒸浸提—水浴法.土壤学报,2006,43(6):981-988.
[17]He Z L.Method for determination of microbial biomass of soil slopes:Present situation and prospect.Progress in Soil Science,1994,22(4):36-44.何振立.土坡微生物量的测定方法:现状和展望.土壤学进展,1994,22(4):36-44.
[18]Guan S Y.Soil Enzymes and Their Research Methods.Beijing:Agricultural Press,1986.关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法.北京:农业出版社,1986.
[19]Wang Y,Li Z J,Han B,et al.Effects of conservation tillage on soil microbial characters and soil enzyme activities.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(8):3384-3390.王芸,李增嘉,韩宾,等.保护性耕作对土壤微生物量及活性的影响.生态学报,2007,27(8):3384-3390.
[20]Hu Y L,Wang S L,Huang Y,et al.Effects of litter chemistry on soil biological property and enzymatic activity.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(10):2662-2668.胡亚林,汪思龙,黄宇,等.凋落物化学组成对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响.生态学报,2005,25(10):2662-2668.
[21]Li Y J,Sun C C,Cao G M,et al.Study on plant biomass and soil nutrients under different land use patterns in three-river headwater area.Grassland and Turf,2016,(4):48-53.李亚娟,孙灿灿,曹广民,等.三江源区不同利用方式草地生物量及土壤养分特征.草原与草坪,2016,(4):48-53.
[22]Cui X X,Tian X M,Wang J,et al.Introduction of Bromus stamineus Desv and it’s performance in cultivation trial.Resources and Environment in Arid Area,2008,22(6):194-199.崔向新,田秀民,汪季,等.引进美国无芒雀麦栽培技术的研究.干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(6):194-199.
[23]Li Y M,Hu J C,Wang S L,et al.Function and application of soil microorganisms in forest ecosystem.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(10):1943-1946.李延茂,胡江春,汪思龙,等.森林生态系统中土壤微生物的作用与应用.应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1943-1946.
[24]Powlson D S,Brookes P C,Christensen B T.Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1987,19(2):159-164.
[25]Bárcenas-Moreno G,Rousk J,Bth E.Fungal and bacterial recolonisation of acid and alkaline forest soils following artificial heat treatments.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(5):1023-1033.
[26]Min C J,Wan H E,Ming H X,et al.Accumulation and decomposition of litter in the semiarid enclosed grassland.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(4):1207-1212.
[27]Wang L D,Yao T,Wang F L,et al.Soil microbial soil enzyme activity in a discontinued farmland by the lower Shiyang river.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(15):4769-4779.王理德,姚拓,王方琳,等.石羊河下游退耕地土壤微生物变化及土壤酶活性.生态学报,2016,36(15):4769-4779.
[28]Wang N,Wang M J,Li S L,et al.Effects of precipitation variation on growing seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass in broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(5):1297-1305.王宁,王美菊,李世兰,等.降水变化对红松阔叶林土壤微生物生物量生长季动态的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1297-1305.
[29]Song R,Wu C S,Mu J M,et al.Effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzyme activities.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(3):303-306.宋日,吴春胜,牟金明,等.玉米根茬留田对土壤微生物量碳和酶活性动态变化特征的影响.应用生态学报,2002,13(3):303-306.
[30]Zhu H Q,Li Y H,Li F D.Seasonal variations of soil enzyme activities in typical plant communities in the Ebinur Lake wetland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(4):1145-1154.朱海强,李艳红,李发东.艾比湖湿地典型植物群落土壤酶活性季节变化特征.应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1145-1154.
[31]Li X S,Wu N,Liu L,et al.Effects of different straw recycling and tillage methods on soil respiration and microbial activity.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(6):1765-1771.李晓莎,武宁,刘玲,等.不同秸秆还田和耕作方式对夏玉米农田土壤呼吸及微生物活性的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1765-1771.
[32]Huang Y M,An S S,Xue H.Responses of soil microbial biomass C and N and respiratory quotient(qCO2)to revegetation on the Loess Hilly-Gully region.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(6):2811-2818.黄懿梅,安韶山,薛虹.黄土丘陵区草地土壤微生物C、N及呼吸熵对植被恢复的响应.生态学报,2009,29(6):2811-2818.