毛乌素沙地南缘人工植被区生物结皮发育特征
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摘要
防沙治沙和生态修复工程实施之后,有植物定植的沙丘表面广泛发育了生物结皮。揭示不同类型人工植被与生物结皮发育特征之间的关系对受损荒漠系统的生态修复具有重要的参考价值。采用野外调查的方法,对毛乌素沙地南缘沙区不同类型人工植被区(羊柴Hedysarum mongdicum、小叶杨Populus simonii、沙柳Salix psammophila+羊柴、紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa和沙地柏Sabina vulgaris)生物结皮厚度、抗剪强度、总盖度及分盖度进行了测定。结果表明:不同类型人工植被区生物结皮发育特征表现出较大差异,小叶杨样地生物结皮厚度、抗剪强度和总盖度均显著高于其他类型人工植被区(P<0.05),羊柴、沙柳+羊柴样地生物结皮的盖度较低。分盖度的调查结果表明,小叶杨样地生物结皮以藓类结皮为主,其余样地则以藻类结皮为主。生物结皮盖度随植被盖度的增加而减少,随表层(0~5cm)土壤含水量的增加而增加。小叶杨的建植有利于生物结皮的扩殖,沙柳行带间栽植羊柴则不利于生物结皮的发育。
Widespread biological crusts have been developed at the dune surface after implementation of desertification control and ecological rehabilitation projects in the sandy area in Northern China.Clarifying the relationships between characteristics of biological crusts development and different types of artificial vegetation has significant influence on the ecological rehabilitation of damaged ecosystem.Thicknesses,shear strength,coverage of biological crusts were examined under different types of artificial vegetation(Hedysarum mongdicum,Populus simonii,Salix psammophila,Amorpha fruticosa and Sabina vulgaris)in southern Mu Us sandy land by field investigation methods.The results showed that characteristics of biological crusts development under different vegetation types varied greatly.Thicknesses,shear strength,coverage of biological crusts under P.simonii site significantly higher than other sites(P<0.05).Coverage of biological crusts under H.mongdicum and S.psammophila site was lower relatively.P.simonii site were dominated by mosses crusts while the other sites were dominated by algae crusts.Correlation analysis indicated that coverage of biological crust decreased with increasing of vegetation cover,increasing with surface(0-5 cm)water contents of soil.These results suggest that plantation of P.simoniiis recommended for establishment of biological crust,and plantation of S.psammophila with H.mongdicum is not conductive to development of biological crusts.
Widespread biological crusts have been developed at the dune surface after implementation of desertification control and ecological rehabilitation projects in the sandy area in Northern China.Clarifying the relationships between characteristics of biological crusts development and different types of artificial vegetation has significant influence on the ecological rehabilitation of damaged ecosystem.Thicknesses,shear strength,coverage of biological crusts were examined under different types of artificial vegetation(Hedysarum mongdicum,Populus simonii,Salix psammophila,Amorpha fruticosa and Sabina vulgaris)in southern Mu Us sandy land by field investigation methods.The results showed that characteristics of biological crusts development under different vegetation types varied greatly.Thicknesses,shear strength,coverage of biological crusts under P.simonii site significantly higher than other sites(P<0.05).Coverage of biological crusts under H.mongdicum and S.psammophila site was lower relatively.P.simonii site were dominated by mosses crusts while the other sites were dominated by algae crusts.Correlation analysis indicated that coverage of biological crust decreased with increasing of vegetation cover,increasing with surface(0-5 cm)water contents of soil.These results suggest that plantation of P.simoniiis recommended for establishment of biological crust,and plantation of S.psammophila with H.mongdicum is not conductive to development of biological crusts.
引文
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[20]周小泉,刘政鸿,杨永胜,等.毛乌素沙地三种植被下苔藓结皮的土壤理化效应[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):340-344.
[2]李新荣,周海燕,王新平,等.中国干旱沙区的生态重建与恢复:沙坡头站60年重要研究进展综述[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):247-264.
[3]李新荣,张元明,赵允格.生物土壤结皮研究:进展、前沿与展望[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(1):11-24.
[4]Li X R,Wang X P,Li T,et al.Microbiotic soil crust and its effect on vegetation and habitat on artificially stabilized desert dunes in Tengger Desert,North China[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35:147-154.
[5]李新荣.荒漠生物土壤结皮生态与水文学研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:47-50.
[6]Zhao Y,Zhang P,Hu Y G,et al.Effects of re-vegetation on herbaceous species composition and biological soil crusts development in a coal mine dumping site[J].Environmental Management,2016,57:298-307.
[7]李守中,郑怀舟,李守丽,等.沙坡头植被固沙区生物结皮的发育特征[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(10):1675-1679.
[8]王一贺,赵允格,李林,等.黄土高原不同降雨量带退耕地植被-生物结皮的分布格局[J].生态学杂志,2016,36(2):377-386.
[9]Zhang J,Liu G B,Xu M X,et al.Influence of vegetation factors on biological soil crust cover on rehabilitated grassland in the hilly Loess Plateau,China[J].Environmental Earth Science,2013,68:1099-1105.
[10]张朋,卜崇峰,杨永胜,等.基于CCA的坡面尺度生物结皮空间分布[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5412-5420.
[11]吴永胜,哈斯,屈志强.生物土壤结皮在沙丘不同地貌部位选择性分布的风因子讨论[J].中国沙漠,2011,32(4):980-984.
[12]高国雄.毛乌素沙地东南缘人工植被结构与生态功能研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[13]West N E.Structure and function of microphytic soil crusts in wildland ecosystems of arid to semiarid regions[J].Advances in Ecological Research,1990,20:179-223.
[14]王蕾,王志,刘连友,等.沙柳灌丛植株形态与气流结构野外观测研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(17):2007-2011.
[15]杨文斌,卢崎,吴波,等.低覆盖度不同配置灌丛内风流结构与防风效果的风洞实验[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(5):791-796.
[16]赵哈林,郭轶瑞,周瑞莲,等.降尘、凋落物和生物接种对沙地土壤结皮形成的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(4):693-700.
[17]卜楠.陕北黄土区生物土壤结皮水土保持功能研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[18]Lan S B,Wu L,Zhang D L,et al.Analysis of environmental factors determining development and succession in biological soil crusts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,538:492-499.
[19]Kidron G J,Barzilay E,Sachs E,et al.Microclimate control upon sand microbiotic crust,western Negev Desert,Israel[J].Geomorphology,2000,36:1-18.
[20]周小泉,刘政鸿,杨永胜,等.毛乌素沙地三种植被下苔藓结皮的土壤理化效应[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):340-344.