不同轮牧方式对荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响
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摘要
研究轮牧方式对草地植被特征的影响,可为草地合理放牧提供科学依据。在宁夏荒漠草原,以载畜率0.75只·hm~(-2)为水平,以围封禁牧草地为对照(CK),对连续放牧(CG)、二区轮牧(TG)、四区轮牧(FG)和六区轮牧(SG)方式下草地物种植被组成、群落盖度、生物量、净初级生产力、物种多样性以及群落稳定性进行研究。结果表明:1)轮牧使荒漠草原优良牧草重要值下降,但可增加植物物种种类;增加轮牧分区有利于优良牧草和多年生草本重要值的保持,但对半灌木的影响较小;2)植被盖度以封育和四区轮牧较高,地上生物量和净初级生产力以四区轮牧和六区轮牧草地较高,地下生物量以封育和六区轮牧处理较高,草地凋落物量以封育较高;3)轮牧可增加物种丰富度、多样性以及优势度,但群落均匀度指数下降;4)各处理下植物群落均不稳定,相比之下,围封禁牧群落稳定性最高,连续放牧最低。综合植被特征和生产中的便利性,研究认为四区轮牧是研究区最适宜的轮牧方式。
Studying the effects of different grazing regimes on grassland vegetation characteristics can provide a scientific basis for optimizing grassland grazing practice. In the desert steppe of Ningxia, grazing exclusion was used as a control(CK), and was compared with continuous grazing(CG), two-paddock rotational grazing(TG), four-paddock rotational grazing(FG), and six-paddock rotational grazing(SG) at a sheep stocking rate of 0.75 head·ha~(-1) during the growing season. Measurements made included vegetation composition, community cover, biomass, net primary productivity, species diversity, and biological stability of the community. The results showed that: 1) Rotational grazing decreased the importance value of the preferred forage species in the desert steppe plant community, but increased the number of plant species. Increasing the number of paddocks in the grazing rotation helped to maintain the importance values of preferred forage species and perennial herbs, but had little impact on the semi-shrubs. 2) The vegetation cover was, as expected, higher in the CK treatment and was also elevated in the FG treatment. The above-ground biomass and net primary productivity were higher in the FG and SG rotational grazing plots, and the underground biomass was higher in CK and SG treatments. The amount of grassland litter under rotational grazing was higher than that in the CK treatment. 3) Rotational grazing increased species richness, diversity and dominance index, while decreasing the community evenness index. 4) Under all treatments, the plant community was unstable. However, the CK plots displayed the highest stability, and CG had the lowest stability. Based on all the vegetation data collected and ease of operation of the grazing system, it is considered that the FG rotational grazing system is an appropriate grazing regime for the study area.
Studying the effects of different grazing regimes on grassland vegetation characteristics can provide a scientific basis for optimizing grassland grazing practice. In the desert steppe of Ningxia, grazing exclusion was used as a control(CK), and was compared with continuous grazing(CG), two-paddock rotational grazing(TG), four-paddock rotational grazing(FG), and six-paddock rotational grazing(SG) at a sheep stocking rate of 0.75 head·ha~(-1) during the growing season. Measurements made included vegetation composition, community cover, biomass, net primary productivity, species diversity, and biological stability of the community. The results showed that: 1) Rotational grazing decreased the importance value of the preferred forage species in the desert steppe plant community, but increased the number of plant species. Increasing the number of paddocks in the grazing rotation helped to maintain the importance values of preferred forage species and perennial herbs, but had little impact on the semi-shrubs. 2) The vegetation cover was, as expected, higher in the CK treatment and was also elevated in the FG treatment. The above-ground biomass and net primary productivity were higher in the FG and SG rotational grazing plots, and the underground biomass was higher in CK and SG treatments. The amount of grassland litter under rotational grazing was higher than that in the CK treatment. 3) Rotational grazing increased species richness, diversity and dominance index, while decreasing the community evenness index. 4) Under all treatments, the plant community was unstable. However, the CK plots displayed the highest stability, and CG had the lowest stability. Based on all the vegetation data collected and ease of operation of the grazing system, it is considered that the FG rotational grazing system is an appropriate grazing regime for the study area.
引文
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