固定化生物修复制剂在溢油污染岸滩中的应用
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摘要
利用自主研发的固定化生物修复制剂开展溢油污染岸滩生物修复现场试验,以期解决传统干粉/液态生物修复制剂在溢油污染岸滩难于现场应用的实际问题。现场试验结果表明:在为期123d的修复过程中,投加的两种固定化生物修复制剂对油砂石油烃降解效果显著,去除率分别为73%和69%,且潮间带修复效果最佳;从微生物活性的角度看,投加固定化生物修复制剂的油砂中石油烃降解菌总数迅速增加,修复中后期仍可维持在10~7个/L;据微生物群落多样性指数分析可知,投加固定化生物修复制剂的油砂中微生物群落结构及代谢特征发生显著改变,均一性提高。
In this study,the self-developed immobilized oil-degrading bacterial agents were applied to the bioremediation field test of the oil-contaminated beach in order to solve the practical problem of traditional powder/liquid oil-degrading bacterial agents which were difficult to be applied.The results of the field test showed that the TPH degrading effects of the oil sands with 2 types of immobilized oildegrading bacterial agents added were remarkable during the 123-day test period.The removal rates were 73% and 69%respectively.Furthermore,the degrading effects of intertidal zone were the best.From the perspective of microbial activities,the total numbers of the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in the oil sands with the immobilized bioremediation agents added were increased rapidly,and it remained 107/L in the middle and late test period.According to the analysis of microbial community diversity index,the structures and metabolic characteristics of the microbial communities in the oil sands with immobilized oil-degrading bacterial agents added were significantly changed and the homogeneity enhanced.The results of the study provided the technical reserves for the industrial application.
In this study,the self-developed immobilized oil-degrading bacterial agents were applied to the bioremediation field test of the oil-contaminated beach in order to solve the practical problem of traditional powder/liquid oil-degrading bacterial agents which were difficult to be applied.The results of the field test showed that the TPH degrading effects of the oil sands with 2 types of immobilized oildegrading bacterial agents added were remarkable during the 123-day test period.The removal rates were 73% and 69%respectively.Furthermore,the degrading effects of intertidal zone were the best.From the perspective of microbial activities,the total numbers of the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in the oil sands with the immobilized bioremediation agents added were increased rapidly,and it remained 107/L in the middle and late test period.According to the analysis of microbial community diversity index,the structures and metabolic characteristics of the microbial communities in the oil sands with immobilized oil-degrading bacterial agents added were significantly changed and the homogeneity enhanced.The results of the study provided the technical reserves for the industrial application.
引文
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[26]梁生康,周平,李广茹,等.粗砂-砾石海滩溢油污染的现场生物修复[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2012,45(4):343-348.
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[28]包木太,田艳敏,陈庆国.海藻酸钠包埋固定化微生物处理含油废水研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(2):167-172.
[29]PETRA J SHEPPARD,KERYN L SIMONS,ERIC M Adetutu,et al.The application of a carrier-based bioremediation strategy for marine oil spills[J].Marine pollution bulletin,2014,84(1-2):339-346.
[2] 张信芳.海洋石油污染的微生物降解过程及生态修复技术展望[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(5):97-99
[3] 张成林.中国海洋石油污染问题及政策研究[D].锦州:渤海大学,2013:23-26.
[4] 高祥兴.海洋石油降解固定化菌剂的研制及岸滩溢油现场修复[D].青岛,国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2016:34-36.
[5] YII SIANG HIIA,AH THEEM LAW,N A M SHAZILI,et al.Biodegradation of tapis blended crude oil in marine sediment by a consortium of symbiotic bacteria[J].International biodeterioration &biodegradation,2009,63(2):142-150.
[6] 陈尧.中国近海石油污染现状及防治[J].工业安全与环保,2003,29(11):20-24.
[7] NATALIA A YEMASHOVA,VALENTINA P MURYGINA,DMITRY V ZHUKOV,et al.Biodeterioration of crude oil and oil derived products:a review[J].Reviews in environmental science &bio/technology,2007,6(4):315-337.
[8] RONALD M ATLAS,TERRY C HAZEN.Oil biodegradation and bioremediation:a tale of the two worst spills in U S history[J].Environmental science &technology,2011,45(16):6709-6715.
[9] RONALD ATLAS,JAMES BRAGG.Bioremediation of marine oil spills:when and when not-the Exxon Valdez experience[J].Microbial biotechnology,2009,2(2):213-221.
[10]JAMES R BRAGG,ROGER C PRINCE,E JAMES HARNER,et al.Effectiveness of bioremediation for the Exxon Valdez oil spill[J].Nature,1994,368(6470):413-418.
[11]FERNADEZ-ALVAREZ P,VILA J,GARRIDO-FERNANDEZ J M,et al.Trials of bioremediation on a beach affected by the heavy oil spill of the Prestige[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2006,137(3):1523-1531.
[12]SWANNELL R P,LEE K,MCDONAGH M.Field evaluations of marine oil spill bioremediation[J].Microbiological reviews,1996,60(2):342-365.
[13]HAILONG LI,QINGHONG ZHAO,MICHEL C BOUFADEL,et al.A universal nutrient application strategy for the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches[J].Marine pollution bulletin,2007,54(8):1146-1161.
[14]ALEJANDRO R GENTILI,MARIA A CUBITTO,MARCELA FERRERO,et al.Bioremediation of crude oil polluted seawater by a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial strain immobilized on chitin and chitosan flakes[J].International biodeterioration &biodegradation,2006,57(4):222-228.
[15]DENGYONG HOU,XIANRONG SHEN,QUN LUO,et al.Enhancement of the diesel oil degradation ability of a marine bacterial strain by immobilization on a novel compound carrier material[J].Marine pollution bulletin,2013,67(1-2):146-151.
[16]王丽娜.海洋近岸溢油污染微生物修复技术的应用基础研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:22-26.
[17]郑立,崔志松,高伟,等.海洋石油降解菌剂在大连溢油污染岸滩修复中的应用研究[J].海洋学报,2012,34(3):163-172.
[18]吴亮.亲油缓释肥料的制备及在溢油污染潮间带生物修复中的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010:39-42.
[19]何云馨,石晓勇,杨仕美,等.溢油污染海岸线生物修复措施现场应用效果评价[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(3):41-45.
[20]孙会玲,王杏娣,陈庆国,等.固定化微生物对海洋溢油的修复研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(6):565-570.
[21]李馨子,高伟,崔志松,等.海洋石油降解菌Alcanivoraxsp.97CO-5的固定化及其石油降解效果[J].海洋环境科学,2014,(3):383-388.
[22]易绍金,刁浪滔.石油烃降解菌菌数测定方法评述[J].石油与天然气化工,2004,33(3):206-206.
[23]YONGHUA YANG,JIAN YAO,XIAOMEI HUA.Effect of pesticide pollution against functional microbial diversity in soil[J].Joural of microbiology,2000,20(2):23-25.
[24]LUZ E DE-BASHAN,YOAV BASHAN.Immobilized microalgae for removing pollutants:review of practical aspects[J].Bioresource technology,2010,101(6):1611-1627.
[25]TERRY J MCGENITY,BENJAMIN D FOLWELL,BOYD A MCKEW,et al.Marine crude-oil biodegradation:a central role for interspecies interactions[J].Aquatic biosystems,2012,8(1):1-19.
[26]梁生康,周平,李广茹,等.粗砂-砾石海滩溢油污染的现场生物修复[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2012,45(4):343-348.
[27]BELL T,NEWAN J A,SILVERMAN B W,et al.The contribution of species richness and composition to bacterial services[J].Nature,2005,436(7054):1157-1160.
[28]包木太,田艳敏,陈庆国.海藻酸钠包埋固定化微生物处理含油废水研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(2):167-172.
[29]PETRA J SHEPPARD,KERYN L SIMONS,ERIC M Adetutu,et al.The application of a carrier-based bioremediation strategy for marine oil spills[J].Marine pollution bulletin,2014,84(1-2):339-346.