陕西汉中烟区烟蚜田间发生规律
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摘要
为制定出一套更适宜于陕西汉中烟区烟蚜防治技术规程,2015—2016年采用黄皿诱蚜法及系统调查法,分别对有翅蚜迁飞扩散规律及烟蚜田间消长规律进行了系统调查。结果表明:(1)烟蚜一般在桃树及冬蔬菜上越冬。以卵越冬的烟蚜,2月底至3月初孵化为干母,一般在桃树上繁殖3代,3月底至4月初出现有翅蚜;(2)有翅蚜迁飞始于4月初,5月上中旬有翅蚜向烟田迁飞,行孤雌胎生繁殖后代,以无翅蚜表现种群,蚜群数量最高峰出现在7月上中旬,8月以后数量逐渐下降,9月迁回桃树及十字花科蔬菜继续为害;(3)汉中烟区烟蚜天敌主要有烟蚜茧蜂、食蚜蝇及瓢虫,其中烟蚜茧蜂为优势种群,约占调查总数的88.68%,自然寄生率约为29.03%。
The paper aims to make a set of suitable technical regulations for controlling Myzus persicae in tobacco planting areas of Hanzhong, Shaanxi. We carried out the study on the migration dynamics of alateaphids by yellow pan trap method and on the population dynamics of M. persicae by systematic investigationmethod from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that:(1) M. persicae usually went through winter on peachtrees and winter vegetables; eggs of M. persicae hatched into fundatrixes between the end of February andearly March, then reproduced 3 generations on peach trees, alate aphids occurred from late March to earlyApril;(2) alate aphids began to transfer in early April, and transferred to tobacco fields in early and middleof May and bred with virginogenia; the number of aphids had a peak in early and middle of July, anddeclined after August, then moved back to peach and cruciferous vegetables in September;(3) the naturalenemies of M. persicae mainly included Aphidius gifuensis, Aeva pyrastri and Coccinellidae. Aphidius gifuensis was the domaint population, which accounted for 88.68% of the total and gained 29.03% natural parasitic rate.
The paper aims to make a set of suitable technical regulations for controlling Myzus persicae in tobacco planting areas of Hanzhong, Shaanxi. We carried out the study on the migration dynamics of alateaphids by yellow pan trap method and on the population dynamics of M. persicae by systematic investigationmethod from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that:(1) M. persicae usually went through winter on peachtrees and winter vegetables; eggs of M. persicae hatched into fundatrixes between the end of February andearly March, then reproduced 3 generations on peach trees, alate aphids occurred from late March to earlyApril;(2) alate aphids began to transfer in early April, and transferred to tobacco fields in early and middleof May and bred with virginogenia; the number of aphids had a peak in early and middle of July, anddeclined after August, then moved back to peach and cruciferous vegetables in September;(3) the naturalenemies of M. persicae mainly included Aphidius gifuensis, Aeva pyrastri and Coccinellidae. Aphidius gifuensis was the domaint population, which accounted for 88.68% of the total and gained 29.03% natural parasitic rate.
引文
[1]刘翔,朱列书,陈超勇,等.常德市烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜技术的应用[J].作物研究,2016(7).
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[11]陈斌,李正跃,等.烟田烟蚜种群数量时空动态研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2000,15(4):311-316.
[12]王念慈,赵钢.烟蚜在田间自然消长及生物学研究[J].中国烟草,1981(1):4-8.
[13]杨松,杨硕媛,张翠萍,等.烟田烟蚜种群动态与天敌作用的变化[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,35(1):68-72.
[14]孟建玉,张长禹,陆宁,等.贵州主要烟区烟蚜对吡虫啉的抗药性测定[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(4):162-164.
[15]刘树生.蚜茧蜂的生物学和生态学特性[J].中国生物防治学报,1989,5(3):129-133.
[16]Lees A D.The production of the apterous and alate forms in the aphid Megoura viciae,Buckton,with special reference to the role of crowding[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,1967,13(2):289-318.
[17]刘向东,翟保平,张孝羲.蚜虫迁飞的研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2004,41(4):301-307.
[18]张满让,相建业,安德荣,等.陕西烟草主要蚜传病毒病发生及预测预报研究[J].西北农业学报,2000,9(2):49-53.
[19]王秀敏.陕西省烟草病毒病毒源的鉴定及种群区系的分布[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003.
[20]吴宽,陈伟,成巨龙,等.陕西烟田主要病害种类调查与病毒分子检测[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(6):933-938.
[21]田佳,安德荣,雷超,等.陕西烟田病害种类调查[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):57-62.
[2]张娟.旬阳县烟蚜防治时期及防治技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012:105-107.
[3]张新要,蒲文宣,黄平俊,等.龙山县烟蚜迁飞、田间消长规律及防治适期的研究[J].湖南农业科学,2008(4):96-97.
[4]乔红波,蒋金炜,程登发,等.烟蚜为害特征的高光谱比较[J].应用昆虫学报,2007,44(1):57-61.
[5]李锡宏,陈明,郭利,等.0.3%苦参碱水剂对烟青虫和烟蚜的防治效果试验[J].湖北植保,2007(6):22-24.
[6]袁锋,冯纪年.烟蚜为害的经济损失研究[J].昆虫学报,1994,37(4):440-445.
[7]张娟,杨学军.旬阳县烟蚜防治时期及防治技术研究[J].陕西林业科技,2012(5):105-107.
[8]李晓宇,成巨龙,张家韬,等.汉中烟区烟蚜发生动态及烟蚜茧蜂防控效果分析[J].烟草科技,2017,50(5):20-23.
[9]商胜华,陈庆园,徐卯林,等.贵州烟区烟蚜发生规律及其预测模型的初步研究[J].植物保护,2010,36(5):86-91.
[10]徐树云.烟蚜消长的初步研究[J].云南农业科技,1980(2):32-34.
[11]陈斌,李正跃,等.烟田烟蚜种群数量时空动态研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2000,15(4):311-316.
[12]王念慈,赵钢.烟蚜在田间自然消长及生物学研究[J].中国烟草,1981(1):4-8.
[13]杨松,杨硕媛,张翠萍,等.烟田烟蚜种群动态与天敌作用的变化[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,35(1):68-72.
[14]孟建玉,张长禹,陆宁,等.贵州主要烟区烟蚜对吡虫啉的抗药性测定[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(4):162-164.
[15]刘树生.蚜茧蜂的生物学和生态学特性[J].中国生物防治学报,1989,5(3):129-133.
[16]Lees A D.The production of the apterous and alate forms in the aphid Megoura viciae,Buckton,with special reference to the role of crowding[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,1967,13(2):289-318.
[17]刘向东,翟保平,张孝羲.蚜虫迁飞的研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2004,41(4):301-307.
[18]张满让,相建业,安德荣,等.陕西烟草主要蚜传病毒病发生及预测预报研究[J].西北农业学报,2000,9(2):49-53.
[19]王秀敏.陕西省烟草病毒病毒源的鉴定及种群区系的分布[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003.
[20]吴宽,陈伟,成巨龙,等.陕西烟田主要病害种类调查与病毒分子检测[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(6):933-938.
[21]田佳,安德荣,雷超,等.陕西烟田病害种类调查[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):57-62.