丹寨苗族蜡染工艺及艺术特色
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摘要
在对贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州丹寨县排莫村、排倒村苗族蜡染进行田野考察的基础上,结合文献资料,对丹寨县苗族蜡染的发展历史、工艺流程、艺术特征及文化内涵进行分析。研究发现,丹寨苗族蜡染历史久远,工艺独特,注重自然生态制作方法;图案纹饰丰富,具有深厚的文化意蕴;具有强烈的地域特征和民族个性,展现了丹寨苗族人的历史变迁、文化习俗、审美理念,一些典型的纹饰母题代表了丹寨苗族蜡染有别于其他苗族蜡染。
Based on the fieldwork of Miao batik in the Paimo and Paidao village, Danzhai county, Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Qian Southeast, Guizhou province, and combined with the literature, the development history, technological process, art characteristics and cultural connotation of Miao batik process in Danzhai county were analyzed. The research found that the Miao batik in Danzhai had a long history, unique craftsmanship, and paid attention to natural ecological production methods. The Miao batik in Danzhai had rich patterns and profound cultural implications. At the same time, it had strong regional characteristics and national personality, showing the historical changes, cultural customs and aesthetic ideas of Danzhai Miao people. Some typical motifs of decoration represent that Danzhai Miao batik was different from other Miao batik.
Based on the fieldwork of Miao batik in the Paimo and Paidao village, Danzhai county, Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Qian Southeast, Guizhou province, and combined with the literature, the development history, technological process, art characteristics and cultural connotation of Miao batik process in Danzhai county were analyzed. The research found that the Miao batik in Danzhai had a long history, unique craftsmanship, and paid attention to natural ecological production methods. The Miao batik in Danzhai had rich patterns and profound cultural implications. At the same time, it had strong regional characteristics and national personality, showing the historical changes, cultural customs and aesthetic ideas of Danzhai Miao people. Some typical motifs of decoration represent that Danzhai Miao batik was different from other Miao batik.
引文
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[6]马正荣,李昌宗,程月容.丹寨蜡染——贵州兄弟民族中的一枝花[J].装饰,1959(6):9.
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[9]沈凤霞,符德民.蜡染[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2015:26.
[2]侍锦,彭卫丽,田鑫,等.中国传统印染文化研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2015:67.
[3]丁世良,赵放.中国地方志民俗资料汇编·西南卷[M].北京:书目文献出版社,1991:656.
[4]杨源.中国民族服饰文化图典[M].北京:大众文艺出版社,1999:3.
[5]杨文斌,杨策著.苗族传统蜡染[M].贵阳:贵州民族出版社,2002.
[6]马正荣,李昌宗,程月容.丹寨蜡染——贵州兄弟民族中的一枝花[J].装饰,1959(6):9.
[7]吴淑生,田自秉.中国染织史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1986:14.
[8]伍建国,杨木生.蜡染棉布采用靛兰染料染色的工艺研究[J].丝绸,2004(2):32.
[9]沈凤霞,符德民.蜡染[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2015:26.