模拟强酸雨对福州平原稻田土壤团聚体稳定性及碳氮分布的影响
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摘要
以福州平原稻田为研究对象,设置模拟酸雨pH分别为2.5、3.5、4.5,以不做任何处理为对照(CK),探讨喷淋模拟酸雨后早、晚稻田土壤团聚体的分布特征及稳定性,测定并分析土壤碳氮含量变化。结果表明,早、晚稻田土壤团聚体均以微团聚体(<0.25 mm粒级团聚体)为主。酸雨对早稻田土壤团聚体平均质量直径(mean weight diameter, MWD)、平均几何直径(geometrical mean diameter, GMD)、>0.25 mm粒级团聚体(diameter of more than 0.25 mm, DR_(0.25))含量和分形维数(fractal dimension,D)影响不显著;但显著减少晚稻田土壤团聚体MWD、GMD和DR_(0.25)含量(P<0.05),显著增加土壤团聚体D值(P<0.05)。各酸雨处理对早稻田土壤碳含量影响均不显著,但促进土壤氮含量增加,其中pH4.5酸雨处理影响显著(P<0.05);各酸雨处理均增加晚稻田土壤碳氮含量,其中pH4.5酸雨处理影响显著(P<0.05)。土壤碳氮含量比主要集中在>0.25 mm粒级团聚体内,表明土壤大团聚体是碳氮含量的主要载体。
The distribution pattern and stability of soil aggregates in the early and late paddy fields on Fuzhou plain after spraying simulated acid rain were investigated with no treatment as the control(CK). The pH of simulated acid rain was set at 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5, respectively. Changes of carbon and nitrogen contents were also measured and analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The soil aggregates in early and late paddy fields were mainly micro aggregates(<0.25 mm agglomerates);(2) The mean weight diameter(MWD), geometrical mean diameter(GMD), >0.25 mm diameter agglomerates(DR_(0.25)) and fractal dimension(D) of soil aggregates were not significantly different under acid rain treatments in early paddy fields. However, in later paddy fields, the soil MWD, GMD and DR_(0.25) were significantly decreased(P<0.05); and the D value was significantly increased under acid rain treatments(P<0.05);(3) The acid rain treatments over early rice fields had no significant effect on soil carbon content, but increased the soil nitrogen content. The increase of nitrogen content was significant(P<0.05) with pH4.5 acid rain;(4) In the late rice fields, the carbon and nitrogen contents were increased under each acid rain treatment, with significant increase(P<0.05) from the pH4.5 acid rain treatment; and(5) The percentage of carbon and nitrogen in soil aggregates was mainly concentrated in DR_(0.25), indicating that soil macroaggregates are the main carriers of soil carbon and nitrogen.
The distribution pattern and stability of soil aggregates in the early and late paddy fields on Fuzhou plain after spraying simulated acid rain were investigated with no treatment as the control(CK). The pH of simulated acid rain was set at 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5, respectively. Changes of carbon and nitrogen contents were also measured and analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The soil aggregates in early and late paddy fields were mainly micro aggregates(<0.25 mm agglomerates);(2) The mean weight diameter(MWD), geometrical mean diameter(GMD), >0.25 mm diameter agglomerates(DR_(0.25)) and fractal dimension(D) of soil aggregates were not significantly different under acid rain treatments in early paddy fields. However, in later paddy fields, the soil MWD, GMD and DR_(0.25) were significantly decreased(P<0.05); and the D value was significantly increased under acid rain treatments(P<0.05);(3) The acid rain treatments over early rice fields had no significant effect on soil carbon content, but increased the soil nitrogen content. The increase of nitrogen content was significant(P<0.05) with pH4.5 acid rain;(4) In the late rice fields, the carbon and nitrogen contents were increased under each acid rain treatment, with significant increase(P<0.05) from the pH4.5 acid rain treatment; and(5) The percentage of carbon and nitrogen in soil aggregates was mainly concentrated in DR_(0.25), indicating that soil macroaggregates are the main carriers of soil carbon and nitrogen.
引文
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[27] 陈平平,周娟,李艳芳,等.酸化土壤对晚稻根系生理特性与氮素利用效率的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(6):188-194.
[28] 张超,刘国斌,薛萐,等.黄土丘陵区不同植被类型根际土壤微团聚体及颗粒分形特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(3):507-515.
[29] 赵红,袁培民,吕贻忠,等.施用有机肥对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(2):306-311.
[30] 刘源月,江洪,李雅红,等.模拟酸雨对杉木幼苗-土壤复合体系土壤呼吸的短期效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2 010-2 017.
[31] 张慧玲,吴建平,熊鑫,等.南亚热带森林土壤碳库稳定性与碳库管理指数对模拟酸雨的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(2):657-667.
[32] 孟磊,章家恩,徐华勤,等.模拟酸雨对广东赤红壤的中小型动物群落组成及多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,29(11):2 204-2 209.
[33] 黄尚书,成艳红,钟义军,等.水土保持措施对红壤缓坡地土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):468-476.
[34] 张萍华,申秀英,许晓璐,等.酸雨对白术土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2005,36(2):227-229.
[35] 马永跃,仝川,王维奇,等.浮萍对福州平原稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(6):723-727.
[36] 李景,吴会军,武雪萍,等.长期保护性耕作提高土壤大团聚体含量及团聚体有机碳的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):378-386.
[2] WU J P,LIANG G H,HUI D F,et al.Prolonged acid rain facilitates soil organic carbon accumulation in a mature forest in Southern China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,544:94-102.
[3] 李泽,王华,徐华勤,等.模拟酸雨对水稻土磷素动态变化的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(3):477-481.
[4] GUO J H,LIU X J,ZHANG Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J].Science,2010,327(5968):1 008-1 010.
[5] FREY S D,OLLINGER S,NADELHOFFER K,et al.Chronic nitrogen additions suppress decomposition and sequester soil carbon in temperate forests[J].Biogeochemistry,2014,121(2):305-316.
[6] 吴建平,陈小梅,褚国伟,等.南亚热带森林土壤有机碳组分对模拟酸雨的早期响应[J].广西植物,2015,35(1):61-68.
[7] 俞巧刚,杨艳,邹平,等.有机物料对稻田土壤团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):170-175.
[8] ZHU G Y,SHANGGUAN Z P,DENG L.Soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated carbon and nitrogen in natural restoration grassland and Chinese red pine plantation on the Loess Plateau[J].CATENA,2017,149:253-260.
[9] 孙水娟,文倩,谢平.酸雨对土壤质量影响的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(5):2 774-2 777.
[10] 许中坚,刘广深,喻佳栋,等.模拟酸雨对红壤结构体及其胶结物影响的实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(3):9-11.
[11] 刘鸣达,张玉龙,李军,等.施用钢渣对水稻土硅素肥力的影响[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(3):220-223.
[12] 林琳,章家恩,徐华勤,等.模拟酸雨淋溶对赤红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].土壤通报,2013,44(4):799-806.
[13] 陈彬彬,王宏,郑秋萍,等.福建省区域酸雨特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(4):70-76.
[14] 安婉丽,曾从盛,王维奇.模拟酸雨对福州平原水稻田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(10):3 984-3 994.
[15] 郑秋萍,王宏,陈彬彬,等.1992—2012年福州市和厦门市酸雨变化特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,2014,35(10):3 644-3 650.
[16] LIU L,SONG C Y,YAN Z G,et al.Characterizing the release of different composition of dissolved organic matter in soil under acid rain leaching using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy[J].Chemosphere,2009,77(1):15-21.
[17] 曾从盛,钟春棋,仝川,等.土地利用变化对闽江河口湿地表层土壤有机碳含量及其活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(5):125-129.
[18] HAYNES R J.Effect of sample pretreatment on aggregate stability measured by wet sieving or turbidimetry on soils of different cropping history[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1993,44(2):261-270.
[19] ZHOU J L,WU Y,KANG Q S,et al.Spatial variations of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorous and sulfur in the salt marsh sediments of the Yangtze Estuary in China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,71(1/2):47-59.
[20] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[21] 邱莉萍,张兴昌,张晋爱.黄土高原长期培肥土壤团聚体中养分和酶的分布[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):364-372.
[22] 杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,38(20):1 896-1 899.
[23] 王义祥,翁伯琦,黄毅斌.土地利用和覆被变化对土壤碳库和碳循环的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2005,1(3):44-51.
[24] MIKHA M M,RICE C W.Tillage and manure effects on soil and aggregate-associated carbon and nitrogen[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(3):809-816.
[25] KIM D G,MU S G,KANG S,et al.Factors controlling soil CO2 effluxes and the effects of rewetting on effluxes in adjacent deciduous,coniferous,and mixed forests in Korea[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(4):576-585.
[26] 孙娇,赵发珠,韩新辉,等.不同林龄刺槐林土壤团聚体化学计量特征及其与土壤养分的关系[J].生态学报,2016,36(21):6 879-6 888.
[27] 陈平平,周娟,李艳芳,等.酸化土壤对晚稻根系生理特性与氮素利用效率的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(6):188-194.
[28] 张超,刘国斌,薛萐,等.黄土丘陵区不同植被类型根际土壤微团聚体及颗粒分形特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(3):507-515.
[29] 赵红,袁培民,吕贻忠,等.施用有机肥对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(2):306-311.
[30] 刘源月,江洪,李雅红,等.模拟酸雨对杉木幼苗-土壤复合体系土壤呼吸的短期效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2 010-2 017.
[31] 张慧玲,吴建平,熊鑫,等.南亚热带森林土壤碳库稳定性与碳库管理指数对模拟酸雨的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(2):657-667.
[32] 孟磊,章家恩,徐华勤,等.模拟酸雨对广东赤红壤的中小型动物群落组成及多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,29(11):2 204-2 209.
[33] 黄尚书,成艳红,钟义军,等.水土保持措施对红壤缓坡地土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):468-476.
[34] 张萍华,申秀英,许晓璐,等.酸雨对白术土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2005,36(2):227-229.
[35] 马永跃,仝川,王维奇,等.浮萍对福州平原稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(6):723-727.
[36] 李景,吴会军,武雪萍,等.长期保护性耕作提高土壤大团聚体含量及团聚体有机碳的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):378-386.