不依赖边界元件及同步对时的多端柔直电网波形匹配式差动保护原理
|
摘要
多端柔直电网发生线路故障时,目前常用应对策略缺乏选择性,容易发生重合于永久性故障、全网停运等问题,而现有研究尚未验证边界保护在"网孔结构"工程中的适应性,差动类保护缺乏对同步误差及异常采样数据的应对能力。为解决上述问题,该文首先分析了多端柔直电网线路故障场景下的行波复杂折反射现象,揭示故障线路与非故障线路两侧同名行波与异名行波首波头的衰减特性差异,进而利用Hausdorff距离表征并度量上述差异;结合突变量启动判据,形成一套不依赖同步对时及边界元件的波形匹配式差动保护。仿真结果表明,所提出的保护原理具有良好的速动性及选择性,且在采样数据中包含大量异常数据时依然具有良好的动作性能。
Conventional methodologies are lack of selectivity coping with the line fault for VSC-MTDC, as the whole system should be blocked if re-start under permanent fault conditions. However, the validations of boundary protection are not proved in the meshed structure projects, and the differential protection methods are lack of capability against synchronization error and abnormal data. To solve this,this paper firstly analyzed the complex refraction and reflection phenomenon in the VSC-MTDC, and the attenuation difference between the homonymic traveling waves and anonymous traveling waves were analyzed. Based on the Hausdorff algorithms, the above differences were expressed. A novel protection scheme independent on boundary component and synchronization was proposed using Hausdorff distance differential protection and the superimposed component energy start-up criterion. By means of simulation analysis, the proposed protection scheme works well under different fault conditions, and has good selectivity and speed even the sampling data is with a great amount of error.
Conventional methodologies are lack of selectivity coping with the line fault for VSC-MTDC, as the whole system should be blocked if re-start under permanent fault conditions. However, the validations of boundary protection are not proved in the meshed structure projects, and the differential protection methods are lack of capability against synchronization error and abnormal data. To solve this,this paper firstly analyzed the complex refraction and reflection phenomenon in the VSC-MTDC, and the attenuation difference between the homonymic traveling waves and anonymous traveling waves were analyzed. Based on the Hausdorff algorithms, the above differences were expressed. A novel protection scheme independent on boundary component and synchronization was proposed using Hausdorff distance differential protection and the superimposed component energy start-up criterion. By means of simulation analysis, the proposed protection scheme works well under different fault conditions, and has good selectivity and speed even the sampling data is with a great amount of error.
引文
[1]李斌,何佳伟,冯亚东,等.多端柔性直流电网保护关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):2-12.Li Bin,He Jiawei,Feng Yadong,et al.Key techniques for protection of multi-terminal flexible DC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):2-12(in Chinese).
[2]赵成勇,李探,俞露杰,等.MMC-HVDC直流单极接地故障分析与换流站故障恢复策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3518-3526.Zhao Chengyong,Li Tan,Yu Lujie,et al.DCpole-to-ground fault characteristic analysis and converter fault recovery strategy of MMC-HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3518-3526(in Chinese).
[3]孙刚,时伯年,赵宇明,等.基于MMC的柔性直流配电网故障定位及保护配置研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(22):127-133.Sun Gang,Shi Bonian,Zhao Yuming,et al.Research on the fault location method and protection configuration strategy of MMC based DC distribution grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(22):127-133(in Chinese).
[4]赵成勇,陈晓芳,曹春刚,等.模块化多电平换流器HVDC直流侧故障控制保护策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(23):82-87.Zhao Chengyong,Chen Xiaofang,Cao Chungang,et al.Control and protection strategies for MMC-HVDC under DC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(23):82-87(in Chinese).
[5]何佳伟,李斌,李晔,等.多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6878-6887.He Jiawei,Li Bin,Li Ye,et al.A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6878-6887(in Chinese).
[6]Chu Xu,Song Guobing,Liang Jun.Analytical method of fault characteristic and non-unit protection for HVDCtransmission lines[J].CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems,2016,2(4):37-43.
[7]Sneath J,Rajapakse A.Fault detection and Interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DCbreakers[C]//2015 IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2015.
[8]Zheng Xiaodong,Tai Nengling,Wu Zhongyu,et al.Harmonic current protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2014,8(9):1509-1515.
[9]He Zhengyou,Liao Kai.Natural frequency-based protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission lines[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2015,9(13):1519-1525.
[10]Leterme W,Beerten J,Van Hertem D.Nonunit protection of HVDC grids with inductive DC cable termination[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):820-828.
[11]李斌,何佳伟,李晔,等.基于边界特性的多端柔性直流配电系统单端量保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5741-5749.Li Bin,He Jiawei,Li Ye,et al.Single-ended protection scheme based on boundary characteristic for the multi-terminal VSC-based DC distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5741-5749(in Chinese).
[12]王帅,毕天姝,贾科.基于小波时间熵的MMC-HVDC架空线路单极接地故障检测方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2179-2185.Wang Shuai,Bi Tianshu,Jia Ke.Wavelet entropy based single pole grounding fault detection approach for MMC-HVDC overhead lines[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2179-2185(in Chinese).
[13]宋国兵,蔡新雷,高淑萍,等.利用电流频率特性的VSC-HVDC直流输电线路纵联保护[J].高电压技术,2011,37(8):1989-1996.Song Guobing,Cai Xinlei,Gao Shuping,et al.New pilot protection for VSC-HVDC transmission lines using natural frequency characteristic of current[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(8):1989-1996(in Chinese).
[14]高强,林烨,黄立超,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程综述[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(2):33-38.Gao Qiang,Lin Ye,Huang Lichao,et al.An overview of Zhoushan VSC-MTDC transmission project[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(2):33-38(in Chinese).
[15]宋国兵,李德坤,褚旭,等.基于参数识别原理的VSC-HVDC输电线路单端故障定位[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):94-99.Song Guobing,Li Dekun,Chu Xu,et al.One-terminal fault location for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on principles of parameter identification[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):94-99(in Chinese).
[16]和敬涵,张明,罗国敏,等.一种利用故障暂态过程的柔性直流配电网故障测距方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):985-992.He Jinghan,Zhang Ming,Luo Guomin,et al.A fault location method for flexible DC distribution network based on fault transient process[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):985-992(in Chinese).
[17]李爱民,蔡泽祥,李晓华.直流线路行波传播特性的解析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(25):94-100.Li Aimin,Cai Zexiang,Li Xiaohua.Study on the propagation characteristics of traveling waves in HVDCtransmission lines on the basis of analytical method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(25):94-100(in Chinese).
[18]宋国兵,李德坤,靳东晖,等.利用行波电压分布特征的柔性直流输电线路单端故障定位[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):83-88.Song Guobing,Li Dekun,Jin Donghui,et al.One-terminal fault location for HVDC flexible transmission lines based on wave voltage distribution features[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):83-88(in Chinese).
[19]曹京京.Hausdorff距离的计算原理及其在二维匹配中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.Cao Jingjing.The calculation theory of Hausdorff diatance and its application to the matching of 2D geometrical objects[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013(in Chinese).
[20]Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju.Transient-voltagebased protection scheme for DC line faults in the multiterminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1483-1494.
[21]Luo Shuxin,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing,et al.Adirectional protection scheme for HVDC transmission lines based on reactive energy[C]//2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Boston,MA,USA:IEEE,2016.
[22]朱声石.高压电网继电保护原理与技术[M].3版.北京:中国电力出版社,2005:202Zhu Shengshi.Theory and technology of HV network protective relaying[M].3rd Edition.Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005:202(in Chinese).
[2]赵成勇,李探,俞露杰,等.MMC-HVDC直流单极接地故障分析与换流站故障恢复策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3518-3526.Zhao Chengyong,Li Tan,Yu Lujie,et al.DCpole-to-ground fault characteristic analysis and converter fault recovery strategy of MMC-HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3518-3526(in Chinese).
[3]孙刚,时伯年,赵宇明,等.基于MMC的柔性直流配电网故障定位及保护配置研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(22):127-133.Sun Gang,Shi Bonian,Zhao Yuming,et al.Research on the fault location method and protection configuration strategy of MMC based DC distribution grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(22):127-133(in Chinese).
[4]赵成勇,陈晓芳,曹春刚,等.模块化多电平换流器HVDC直流侧故障控制保护策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(23):82-87.Zhao Chengyong,Chen Xiaofang,Cao Chungang,et al.Control and protection strategies for MMC-HVDC under DC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(23):82-87(in Chinese).
[5]何佳伟,李斌,李晔,等.多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6878-6887.He Jiawei,Li Bin,Li Ye,et al.A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6878-6887(in Chinese).
[6]Chu Xu,Song Guobing,Liang Jun.Analytical method of fault characteristic and non-unit protection for HVDCtransmission lines[J].CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems,2016,2(4):37-43.
[7]Sneath J,Rajapakse A.Fault detection and Interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DCbreakers[C]//2015 IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2015.
[8]Zheng Xiaodong,Tai Nengling,Wu Zhongyu,et al.Harmonic current protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2014,8(9):1509-1515.
[9]He Zhengyou,Liao Kai.Natural frequency-based protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission lines[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2015,9(13):1519-1525.
[10]Leterme W,Beerten J,Van Hertem D.Nonunit protection of HVDC grids with inductive DC cable termination[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):820-828.
[11]李斌,何佳伟,李晔,等.基于边界特性的多端柔性直流配电系统单端量保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5741-5749.Li Bin,He Jiawei,Li Ye,et al.Single-ended protection scheme based on boundary characteristic for the multi-terminal VSC-based DC distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5741-5749(in Chinese).
[12]王帅,毕天姝,贾科.基于小波时间熵的MMC-HVDC架空线路单极接地故障检测方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2179-2185.Wang Shuai,Bi Tianshu,Jia Ke.Wavelet entropy based single pole grounding fault detection approach for MMC-HVDC overhead lines[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2179-2185(in Chinese).
[13]宋国兵,蔡新雷,高淑萍,等.利用电流频率特性的VSC-HVDC直流输电线路纵联保护[J].高电压技术,2011,37(8):1989-1996.Song Guobing,Cai Xinlei,Gao Shuping,et al.New pilot protection for VSC-HVDC transmission lines using natural frequency characteristic of current[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(8):1989-1996(in Chinese).
[14]高强,林烨,黄立超,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程综述[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(2):33-38.Gao Qiang,Lin Ye,Huang Lichao,et al.An overview of Zhoushan VSC-MTDC transmission project[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(2):33-38(in Chinese).
[15]宋国兵,李德坤,褚旭,等.基于参数识别原理的VSC-HVDC输电线路单端故障定位[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):94-99.Song Guobing,Li Dekun,Chu Xu,et al.One-terminal fault location for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on principles of parameter identification[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):94-99(in Chinese).
[16]和敬涵,张明,罗国敏,等.一种利用故障暂态过程的柔性直流配电网故障测距方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):985-992.He Jinghan,Zhang Ming,Luo Guomin,et al.A fault location method for flexible DC distribution network based on fault transient process[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):985-992(in Chinese).
[17]李爱民,蔡泽祥,李晓华.直流线路行波传播特性的解析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(25):94-100.Li Aimin,Cai Zexiang,Li Xiaohua.Study on the propagation characteristics of traveling waves in HVDCtransmission lines on the basis of analytical method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(25):94-100(in Chinese).
[18]宋国兵,李德坤,靳东晖,等.利用行波电压分布特征的柔性直流输电线路单端故障定位[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):83-88.Song Guobing,Li Dekun,Jin Donghui,et al.One-terminal fault location for HVDC flexible transmission lines based on wave voltage distribution features[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):83-88(in Chinese).
[19]曹京京.Hausdorff距离的计算原理及其在二维匹配中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.Cao Jingjing.The calculation theory of Hausdorff diatance and its application to the matching of 2D geometrical objects[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013(in Chinese).
[20]Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju.Transient-voltagebased protection scheme for DC line faults in the multiterminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1483-1494.
[21]Luo Shuxin,Dong Xinzhou,Shi Shenxing,et al.Adirectional protection scheme for HVDC transmission lines based on reactive energy[C]//2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Boston,MA,USA:IEEE,2016.
[22]朱声石.高压电网继电保护原理与技术[M].3版.北京:中国电力出版社,2005:202Zhu Shengshi.Theory and technology of HV network protective relaying[M].3rd Edition.Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005:202(in Chinese).