河北省小麦冠腐病田间发生消长动态监测
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摘要
为了明确小麦-玉米连作种植模式下小麦冠腐病的发生危害规律及防治时期,采用田间定点、定期调查的方法,对该病害的田间消长动态进行了监测。结果表明,在2015-2016和2016-2017两个小麦生长季中,3个监测点小麦冠腐病的病株率和病情指数随小麦生育期推移呈上升趋势,春季小麦返青以后冠腐病的发生逐渐加重,拔节-灌浆期小麦冠腐病的发生快速增长。年度间小麦冠腐病的发生程度逐年加重,与2014-2015生长季灌浆期、2015-2016年相比,2016-2017年沧县监测点病株率变化不大,病害的病情指数增长1.0;宁晋监测点病株率增长1.8%~12.2%,病情指数增长0.9~4.3;景县监测点病株率增长21.3%~33.6%,病情指数增长13.5~14.6。在各监测点,随着年度间病害发生程度的加重,引起冠腐病的病原菌镰刀菌的分离频率也随之增加。
To clarify the occurrence and control period of wheat crown rot in a continuous cropping pattern of wheat and maize,disease incidence and disease index were used to evaluate wheat crown rot based on on-site investigation and systemic survey in field.The results showed that the disease incidence and disease index of wheat crown rot increased along with growing stage of wheat at the three monitoring fields during the growing seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.Wheat crown rot began to develop after wheat re-greening,and developed rapidly during jointing to milk stage.The disease occurred much severe year by year.However,no obvious difference was found in disease incidence at the experimental site in Cangzhou,but only disease index increased 1.0 in the two years.The increase rate of disease incidence and disease index was 1.8%-12.2%and 0.9-4.3 at the experimental site in Ningjin,and 21.3%-33.6% and 13.5-14.6 at the experimental site in Jingxian,respectively.The isolation frequency of Fusariumspp.causing crown rot increased along with aggravation of the disease at all of the experimental sites.
To clarify the occurrence and control period of wheat crown rot in a continuous cropping pattern of wheat and maize,disease incidence and disease index were used to evaluate wheat crown rot based on on-site investigation and systemic survey in field.The results showed that the disease incidence and disease index of wheat crown rot increased along with growing stage of wheat at the three monitoring fields during the growing seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.Wheat crown rot began to develop after wheat re-greening,and developed rapidly during jointing to milk stage.The disease occurred much severe year by year.However,no obvious difference was found in disease incidence at the experimental site in Cangzhou,but only disease index increased 1.0 in the two years.The increase rate of disease incidence and disease index was 1.8%-12.2%and 0.9-4.3 at the experimental site in Ningjin,and 21.3%-33.6% and 13.5-14.6 at the experimental site in Jingxian,respectively.The isolation frequency of Fusariumspp.causing crown rot increased along with aggravation of the disease at all of the experimental sites.
引文
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[19]MOYA-ELIZONDO E A,REW L J,JACOBSEN B J,et al.Distribution and prevalence of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot pathogens of wheat in Montana[J].Plant Disease,2011,95(9):1099.
[20]POOLE G J,SMILEY R W,WALKER C,et al.Effect of climate on the distribution of Fusariumspp.causing crown rot of wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States[J].Phytopathology,2013,103(11):1130.
[2]BACKHOUSE D,ABUBAKAR A A,BURGESS L W,et al.Survey of Fusarium species associated with crown rot of wheat and barley in eastern Australia[J].Australasian Plant Pathology,2004,33(2):255.
[3]SMILEY R W,GOURLIE J A,EASLEY S A,et al.Crop damage estimates for crown rot of wheat and barley in the Pacific Northwest[J].Plant Disease,2005,89(6):595.
[4]STRAUSBAUGH C A,BRADLEY C A,KOEHN A C,et al.Survey of root diseases of wheat and barley in southeastern Idaho[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2004,26(2):167.
[5]CHAKRABORTY S,OBANOR F,WESTECOTT R,et al.Wheat crown rot pathogens Fusarium graminearum and F.pseudograminearumlack specialization[J].Phytopathology,2010,100:1057.
[6]LI H L,YUAN H X,FU B,et al.First report of Fusarium pseudograminearum causing crown rot of wheat in Henan,China[J].Plant Disease,2012,96(7):1065.
[7]徐飞,宋玉立,周益林,等.2013-2016年河南省小麦茎基腐病的发生危害情况及特点[J].植物保护,2016,42(6):126.XU F,SONG Y L,ZHOU Y L,et al.Occurrence dynamics and characteristics of Fusarium root and crown rot of wheat in Henan Province during 2013-2016[J].Plant Protection,2016,42(6):126.
[8]纪莉景,栗秋生,王连生,等.河北省小麦冠腐病发生现状及病原菌初探[J].植物保护,2016,42(5):154.JI L J,LI Q S,WANG L S,et al.Occurrence and pathogen composition of wheat crown rot in Hebei Province[J].Plant Protection,2016,42(5):154.
[9]BURGESS L W,BACKHOUSE D,SWAN L J,et al.Control of Fusarium crown rot of wheat by late stubble burning and rotation with sorghum[J].Australasian Plant Pathology,1996,25(4):229.
[10]WILDERMUTH G B,THOMAS G A,RADFORD B J,et al.Crown rot and common root rot in wheat grown under different tillage and stubble management treatments in southern Queensland,Australia[J].Soil&Tillage Research,1997,44:211.
[11]KIRKEGAARD J A,SIMPFENDORFER S,HOLLAND J,et al.Effect of previous crops on crown rot and yield of durum and bread wheat in northern NSW[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2004,55:321.
[12]KNIGHT N L,SUTHERLAND M W,MARTIN A,et al.Assessment of infection by Fusarium pseudograminearumin wheat seedling tissues using quantitative PCR and a visual discoloration scale[J].Plant Disease,2012,96:1661.
[13]方中达.植病研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:37.FANG Z D.Research on plant disease method[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998:137.
[14]NELSON P E,TOUSSON T A,MARASAS W F O.Fusariumspecies.An illustrated manual for identification[M].Pennsylvania,USA,The Pennsylvania State University Press,1983:11.
[15]LESLIE J F,SUMMERELL B A.The Fusarium laboratory manual[M].Ames,IA,USA,Blackwell Publishing,2006:5.
[16]POOLE G J,HARRIES M,HBERLI D,et al.Predicting cereal root disease in Western Australia using soil DNA and environmental parameters[J].Phytopathology,2015,105(8):1069.
[17]KLEIN T A,BURGESS L W.Effect of seed treatment on infection of wheat by seedborne inoculum of Fusarium graminearum group 1[J].Australasian Plant Pathology,1987,16(4):79.
[18]SWAN L J,BACKHOUSE D,BURGESS L W.Surface soil moisture and stubble management practice effects on the progress of infection of wheat by Fusarium pseudograminearum[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,2000,40(5):693.
[19]MOYA-ELIZONDO E A,REW L J,JACOBSEN B J,et al.Distribution and prevalence of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot pathogens of wheat in Montana[J].Plant Disease,2011,95(9):1099.
[20]POOLE G J,SMILEY R W,WALKER C,et al.Effect of climate on the distribution of Fusariumspp.causing crown rot of wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States[J].Phytopathology,2013,103(11):1130.