河南省秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放量的估算与分析
|
摘要
为了解河南省秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放情况,根据2014年河南省的主要农作物产量、草谷比、焚烧比例和排放因子,采用排放因子法估算河南省秸秆焚烧大气污染物的排放量,建立河南省秸秆露天焚烧的污染物排放清单,并分析了大气污染物排放量的时空分布。结果表明:2014年河南省秸秆露天焚烧共排放:CO_21 210.45万t、CO 51.74万t、CH_43.27万t、NMVOCs 7.19万t、NH_30.59万t、BC 0.42万t、OC 2.47万t、SO_20.55万t、NO_X3.13万t、PM_(2.5)7.48万t。小麦和玉米是河南省露天焚烧排放大气污染物主要贡献源,其贡献率分别为38%~67%和17%~36%。大气污染物排放的高值区主要集中在驻马店、周口、南阳和商丘四个地市。大气污染物排放的高峰期集中在6月和10月,这两个月的各类污染物排放量对全年总排放量的分担率分别为37.1%~65.7%和11.3%~37%。
Open burning of agriculture straw residueis a common method to dispose waste after harvesting seasons in Henan Province.Based on the survey data, the air pollutant emission inventory of crop straw open burning in 2014 for Henan Province was established by using emission factor approach. Besides, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutant emissions were also presented in this paper. The results showed that the total emissions of CO_2, CO, CH_4, NMVOCs, NH_3, BC, OC, SO_2, NO_X and PM_(2.5) from straw residues open burning in Henan Province were 1.210 45×10~7, 5.174×10~5, 3.27×10~4, 7.19×10~4, 5.9×10~3, 4.2×10~3, 2.47×10~4, 5.5×10~3,3.13×10~4and 7.48×10~4t in 2014.Wheat and maize were the main sources of air pollution in Henan Province, with the contribution rate 38% ~67% and 17% ~36%. Spatially, the cities of Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Nanyang and Shangqiu were the highest value areas of atmospheric pollutant emission in Henan Province. Temporally, the emissions were concentrated in June and October,with the contribution rate 37.1% ~65.7% and 11.3% ~37% respectively. The research results will provide scientific basis for improving the regional environmental air quality in Henan province.
Open burning of agriculture straw residueis a common method to dispose waste after harvesting seasons in Henan Province.Based on the survey data, the air pollutant emission inventory of crop straw open burning in 2014 for Henan Province was established by using emission factor approach. Besides, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutant emissions were also presented in this paper. The results showed that the total emissions of CO_2, CO, CH_4, NMVOCs, NH_3, BC, OC, SO_2, NO_X and PM_(2.5) from straw residues open burning in Henan Province were 1.210 45×10~7, 5.174×10~5, 3.27×10~4, 7.19×10~4, 5.9×10~3, 4.2×10~3, 2.47×10~4, 5.5×10~3,3.13×10~4and 7.48×10~4t in 2014.Wheat and maize were the main sources of air pollution in Henan Province, with the contribution rate 38% ~67% and 17% ~36%. Spatially, the cities of Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Nanyang and Shangqiu were the highest value areas of atmospheric pollutant emission in Henan Province. Temporally, the emissions were concentrated in June and October,with the contribution rate 37.1% ~65.7% and 11.3% ~37% respectively. The research results will provide scientific basis for improving the regional environmental air quality in Henan province.
引文
[1]方放,王飞,邱凌,等.黄淮海地区农作物秸秆资源分布及利用结构分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):229-231.FANG Fang,WANG Fei,QIU Ling,et al.Analysis on distribution and use structure of crop straw resources in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(2):229-231.
[2]李炜,张红.山西省农田秸秆露天焚烧碳释放量估算[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(26):118-120.LI Wei,ZHANG Hong.Estimation for carbon emission from the open burning of crop straw in Shanxi Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(26):118-120.
[3]李幸芳,李刚,刘圣勇,等.河南省农作物秸秆资源分布及其资源评价[J].河南科学,2011,29(12):1464-1465.LI Xing-fang,LI Gang,LIU Shen-yong,et al.The research on the estimation of crop straw resource distribution and the resource evaluation in Henan Province[J].Henan Science,2011,29(12):1464-1465.
[4]曹国良,张小曳,王丹,等.中国大陆生物质燃烧排放的污染物清单[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(4):389-393.CAO Guo-Liang,ZHANG Xiao-ye,WANG Dan,et al.Inventory of atmospheric pollutants discharged from biomass burning in China continent[J].China Environmental Science,2005,25(4):389-393.
[5]曹国良,张小曳,王丹,等.秸秆露天焚烧排放的TSP等污染物清单[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(4):800-804.CAO Guo-liang,ZHANG Xiao-ye,WANG Dan,et al.Inventory of emission of pollutants from open burning crop residue[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005,24(4):800-804.
[6]王书肖,张楚莹.中国秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放时空分布[J].中国科技论文在线,2008,3(5):329-331.WANG Shu-xiao,ZHANG Chu-ying.Spatial and temporal distributionof air pollutants emission from open burning of crop residues in China[J].Sciencepaper Online,2008,3(5):329-331.
[7]郑有飞,田宏伟,陈怀亮,等.河南省夏季秸秆焚烧污染物排放量的估算与分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1590-1594.ZHENG You-fei,TIAN Hong-wei,CHEN Huai-liang,et al.Estimation of pollutants emission from straw burning in summer in Henan Province[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(8):1590-1594.
[8]韦茂贵,王晓玉,谢光辉.我国不同地区主要大田作物田间秸秆成熟期[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):21-26.WEI Mao-gui,WANG Xiao-yu,XIE Guang-hui.Maturity date of main field crop residues in different regions of China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):21-26.
[9]韦茂贵,王晓玉,谢光辉.中国各省大田作物田间秸秆资源量及其时间分布[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):33-42.WEI Mao-gui,WANG Xiao-yu,XIE Guang-hui.Field residue of field crops and its temporal distribution among thirty-one provinces of China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):33-42.
[10]河南省统计局.河南统计年鉴(2015)[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.Henan Province Bureau of Statistics.Henan Statistical Yearbook(2015)[Z].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2015.
[11]Jing L,Yu B,Shao D X,et al.Estimating emissions from crop residue open burning in China based on statistics and MODIS fire products[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,44(6),158-163.
[12]Jian F S,Hai Y P,Jian M C,et al.An estimation of CO2emission via agricultural crop residue open fieldburning in China from 1996 to 2013[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,112(4):2625-2629.
[13]李瑞.我省通报秸秆焚烧监测情况三地焚烧现象突出[EB/OL].(2014-06-19).http://www.henan.gov.cn/10ztzl/system/2014/06/17/010480327.shtml.LI Rui.The situation of burning of straw burning in Henan Province[EB/OL].(2014-06-19).http://www.henan.gov.cn/10ztzl/system/2014/06/17/010480327.shtml.
[14]环境保护部办公厅.关于2015年夏季秸秆焚烧污染防控工作情况的通报[EB/OL].(2015-10-08).http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201510/t20151012_314885.htm.General Office of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.Report on the prevention and control of pollution of straw burning in summer2015[EB/OL].(2015-10-08).http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201510/t20151012_314885.htm.
[15]河南省人民政府办公厅.关于印发2016年河南省秸秆禁烧和综合利用工作实施方案的通知[EB/OL].(2016-05-26).http://www.henan.gov.cn/zwgk/system/2016/06/23/010650706.shtml.General Office of the People′s Government of Henan Province.Notice on issuing the implementation scheme of the prohibition of burning and comprehensive utilization of straw in Henan Province in 2016[EB/OL].(2016-05-26).http://www.henan.gov.cn/zwgk/system/2016/06/23/010650706.shtml.
[16]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.BI Yu-yun.Study on straw resources evaluation and utilization in China[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010.
[17]环境保护部.生物质燃烧源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[EB/OL].(2015-01-09).http://www.docin.com/p-1016482742.html.Ministry of Environmental Protection.Technical guide for preparation of air pollutant emission inventory from biomass combustion source(trial)[EB/OL].(2015-01-09).http://www.docin.com/p-1016482742.html.
[18]Akagi S K,Yokelson R J,Wiedinmyer C,et al.Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2011,11(9):4039-4072.
[19]Cao G L,Zhang X Y,Gong S L,et al.Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning[J].Environ Sci,2008,20(1):50-55.
[20]Zhang Y S,Shao M,Lin Y,et al.Emission inventory of carbonaceous pollutants from biomass burning in the Pearl River Delta Region[J].China Atmos Environ,2013,76(4):189-199.
[21]Andreae M O,Merlet P.Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning[J].Glob Biogeochem Cycles,2001,15(4):955-966.
[22]Kudo S,Tanimoto H,Inomata S,et al.Emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from open crop residue burning in the Yangtze River Delta region,China[J].Geophys Res-Atmos,2014,119(12):7684-7698.
[23]祝斌,朱先磊,张元勋,等.农作物秸秆燃烧PM2.5排放因子的研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(2):29-31.ZHU Bin,ZHU Xian-lei,ZHANG Yuan-xun,et al.Emission factor ofPM2.5from crop burning[J].Research of Environmental Science,2005,18(2):29-31.
[24]彭立群,张强,贺克斌.基于调查的中国秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放清单[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(8):1109-1118.PENG Li-qun,ZHANG Qiang,HE Ke-bin.Emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from open burning of crop residues in China based on a national questionnaire[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(8):1109-1118.
[25]曹国良,张小曳,郑方成,等.中国大陆秸秆露天焚烧的量的估算[J].资源科学,2006,28(1):10-12.CAO Guo-liang,ZHANG Xiao-ye,ZHENG Fang-cheng,et al.Estimating the crop residues burnt in open field in China[J].Resources Science,2006,28(1):10-12.
[26]何敏,王幸锐,韩丽,等.四川省秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放清单及时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1209-1214.HE Min,WANG Xing-rui,HAN Li,et al.Emission inventory of crop residues field burning and its temporal and spatial distribution in Sichuan Province[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(4):1209-1214.
[27]刘科,金立科.河南农村秸秆焚烧问题分析及其政府治理[J].创新科技,2016,191(1):69-71.LIU Ke,JIN Li-ke.Analysis on the problem of straw burning in Henan rural areas and its government treatment[J].Innovation Science and Technology,2016,191(1):69-71.
[2]李炜,张红.山西省农田秸秆露天焚烧碳释放量估算[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(26):118-120.LI Wei,ZHANG Hong.Estimation for carbon emission from the open burning of crop straw in Shanxi Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(26):118-120.
[3]李幸芳,李刚,刘圣勇,等.河南省农作物秸秆资源分布及其资源评价[J].河南科学,2011,29(12):1464-1465.LI Xing-fang,LI Gang,LIU Shen-yong,et al.The research on the estimation of crop straw resource distribution and the resource evaluation in Henan Province[J].Henan Science,2011,29(12):1464-1465.
[4]曹国良,张小曳,王丹,等.中国大陆生物质燃烧排放的污染物清单[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(4):389-393.CAO Guo-Liang,ZHANG Xiao-ye,WANG Dan,et al.Inventory of atmospheric pollutants discharged from biomass burning in China continent[J].China Environmental Science,2005,25(4):389-393.
[5]曹国良,张小曳,王丹,等.秸秆露天焚烧排放的TSP等污染物清单[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(4):800-804.CAO Guo-liang,ZHANG Xiao-ye,WANG Dan,et al.Inventory of emission of pollutants from open burning crop residue[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005,24(4):800-804.
[6]王书肖,张楚莹.中国秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放时空分布[J].中国科技论文在线,2008,3(5):329-331.WANG Shu-xiao,ZHANG Chu-ying.Spatial and temporal distributionof air pollutants emission from open burning of crop residues in China[J].Sciencepaper Online,2008,3(5):329-331.
[7]郑有飞,田宏伟,陈怀亮,等.河南省夏季秸秆焚烧污染物排放量的估算与分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1590-1594.ZHENG You-fei,TIAN Hong-wei,CHEN Huai-liang,et al.Estimation of pollutants emission from straw burning in summer in Henan Province[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(8):1590-1594.
[8]韦茂贵,王晓玉,谢光辉.我国不同地区主要大田作物田间秸秆成熟期[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):21-26.WEI Mao-gui,WANG Xiao-yu,XIE Guang-hui.Maturity date of main field crop residues in different regions of China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):21-26.
[9]韦茂贵,王晓玉,谢光辉.中国各省大田作物田间秸秆资源量及其时间分布[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):33-42.WEI Mao-gui,WANG Xiao-yu,XIE Guang-hui.Field residue of field crops and its temporal distribution among thirty-one provinces of China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):33-42.
[10]河南省统计局.河南统计年鉴(2015)[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.Henan Province Bureau of Statistics.Henan Statistical Yearbook(2015)[Z].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2015.
[11]Jing L,Yu B,Shao D X,et al.Estimating emissions from crop residue open burning in China based on statistics and MODIS fire products[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,44(6),158-163.
[12]Jian F S,Hai Y P,Jian M C,et al.An estimation of CO2emission via agricultural crop residue open fieldburning in China from 1996 to 2013[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,112(4):2625-2629.
[13]李瑞.我省通报秸秆焚烧监测情况三地焚烧现象突出[EB/OL].(2014-06-19).http://www.henan.gov.cn/10ztzl/system/2014/06/17/010480327.shtml.LI Rui.The situation of burning of straw burning in Henan Province[EB/OL].(2014-06-19).http://www.henan.gov.cn/10ztzl/system/2014/06/17/010480327.shtml.
[14]环境保护部办公厅.关于2015年夏季秸秆焚烧污染防控工作情况的通报[EB/OL].(2015-10-08).http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201510/t20151012_314885.htm.General Office of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.Report on the prevention and control of pollution of straw burning in summer2015[EB/OL].(2015-10-08).http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201510/t20151012_314885.htm.
[15]河南省人民政府办公厅.关于印发2016年河南省秸秆禁烧和综合利用工作实施方案的通知[EB/OL].(2016-05-26).http://www.henan.gov.cn/zwgk/system/2016/06/23/010650706.shtml.General Office of the People′s Government of Henan Province.Notice on issuing the implementation scheme of the prohibition of burning and comprehensive utilization of straw in Henan Province in 2016[EB/OL].(2016-05-26).http://www.henan.gov.cn/zwgk/system/2016/06/23/010650706.shtml.
[16]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.BI Yu-yun.Study on straw resources evaluation and utilization in China[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010.
[17]环境保护部.生物质燃烧源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[EB/OL].(2015-01-09).http://www.docin.com/p-1016482742.html.Ministry of Environmental Protection.Technical guide for preparation of air pollutant emission inventory from biomass combustion source(trial)[EB/OL].(2015-01-09).http://www.docin.com/p-1016482742.html.
[18]Akagi S K,Yokelson R J,Wiedinmyer C,et al.Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2011,11(9):4039-4072.
[19]Cao G L,Zhang X Y,Gong S L,et al.Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning[J].Environ Sci,2008,20(1):50-55.
[20]Zhang Y S,Shao M,Lin Y,et al.Emission inventory of carbonaceous pollutants from biomass burning in the Pearl River Delta Region[J].China Atmos Environ,2013,76(4):189-199.
[21]Andreae M O,Merlet P.Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning[J].Glob Biogeochem Cycles,2001,15(4):955-966.
[22]Kudo S,Tanimoto H,Inomata S,et al.Emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from open crop residue burning in the Yangtze River Delta region,China[J].Geophys Res-Atmos,2014,119(12):7684-7698.
[23]祝斌,朱先磊,张元勋,等.农作物秸秆燃烧PM2.5排放因子的研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(2):29-31.ZHU Bin,ZHU Xian-lei,ZHANG Yuan-xun,et al.Emission factor ofPM2.5from crop burning[J].Research of Environmental Science,2005,18(2):29-31.
[24]彭立群,张强,贺克斌.基于调查的中国秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放清单[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(8):1109-1118.PENG Li-qun,ZHANG Qiang,HE Ke-bin.Emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from open burning of crop residues in China based on a national questionnaire[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(8):1109-1118.
[25]曹国良,张小曳,郑方成,等.中国大陆秸秆露天焚烧的量的估算[J].资源科学,2006,28(1):10-12.CAO Guo-liang,ZHANG Xiao-ye,ZHENG Fang-cheng,et al.Estimating the crop residues burnt in open field in China[J].Resources Science,2006,28(1):10-12.
[26]何敏,王幸锐,韩丽,等.四川省秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放清单及时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1209-1214.HE Min,WANG Xing-rui,HAN Li,et al.Emission inventory of crop residues field burning and its temporal and spatial distribution in Sichuan Province[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(4):1209-1214.
[27]刘科,金立科.河南农村秸秆焚烧问题分析及其政府治理[J].创新科技,2016,191(1):69-71.LIU Ke,JIN Li-ke.Analysis on the problem of straw burning in Henan rural areas and its government treatment[J].Innovation Science and Technology,2016,191(1):69-71.