摘要
总结了近年来国内外Ni-Ti-Pd和Ni-Ti-Pt高温镍钛形状记忆合金研究进展,分析了化学成分、热机械处理和训练工艺等对高温记忆合金的马氏体相变行为、高温单程和双程记忆性能和循环使用性能稳定性等方面的影响。结果表明,Ni-Ti-Pd和Ni-Ti-Pt高温镍钛形状记忆合金的相变温度、滞后宽度、高温马氏体变形与蠕变行为、高温循环特性等受显微组织影响显著。通过采取Sc、B、Cu等元素合金化、固溶和时效、冷轧退火处理,有利于细化晶粒,在基体析出细小弥散沉淀相,如Ti_2Ni和Ti_2(Ni,Pd)等,起到固溶强化和沉淀强化作用,改善高温记忆合金高温记忆性能。在一定应力条件下训练处理,在基体形成具有特定应力场位错组态易于诱发择优取向的马氏体变体形核,从而提高高温单程和双程记忆性能和功能尺寸稳定性。
The research progress on the Ni-Ti-Pd and Ni-Ti-Pt high temperature shape memory alloys in China and abroad in recent years were reviewed, and the influence of chemical composition, thermal mechanical treatment and the training process on martensitic transformation, high temperature performance of one-way and two-way shape memory effect, and functional stability during repeated thermomechanical cycling of high temperature shape memory alloy were analyzed. The results show that the transformation temperature,the width of transformation hysteresis, high temperature martensitic transformation, creep behavior, and high temperature thermal cycling properties of Ni-Ti-Pd and Ni-Ti-Pt high temperature nickel-titanium shape memory alloys, are significantly affected by the microstructures. The refinement of grain structure is achieved by the addition of Sc, Cu, or B elements, and cold rolling followed by annealing treatments, and the fine dispersed precipitates of Ti_2 Ni and Ti_2(Ni, Pd) distributed in the matrix are produced by solid solution and aging. These microstructures are beneficial to the improvement of the high temperature shape memory properties, by the effect of solid solution hardening and precipitation hardening. The preferentially oriented martensite variants, nucleated on the dislocation arrays with the specific stress field obtained during the training under a constant stress are found to improve the one-way and two-way shape memory properties, and the stability of the functional properties and the size of the high temperature shape memory alloys.
引文
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