不同蔬菜对甲咪唑烟酸土壤残留的敏感性
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摘要
为了解花生田除草剂甲咪唑烟酸残留对后茬不同种类蔬菜的药害风险,田间评价了甲咪唑烟酸在有效成分用量为108 g/hm2后对下茬13种蔬菜生长的影响,结果表明:甲咪唑烟酸土壤残留对后茬瓜菜(青瓜、节瓜、白瓜)和叶菜(菜心、芥蓝、芥菜、红苋菜)幼苗生长抑制作用均达到极显著水平(P<0.001),株高、根长和鲜重抑制率达到31%~95%;对不同茄科蔬菜(茄子、番茄、辣椒、马铃薯)、豆角及其不同部位的抑制作用有差异;对甜玉米根长和株高的抑制作用与对照组相比无显著差异。用土壤添加法进一步的室内生测结果表明,青瓜、菜心、辣椒和豆角对甲咪唑烟酸十分敏感性,按根长和株高的ID50和ID10值由低至高排列对甲咪唑烟酸敏感性,结果均显示:青瓜>菜心>辣椒>豆角,且不同部位的ID50和ID10均显示根系比株高更敏感。因此,在蔬菜种植区,特别是后茬种植瓜菜和叶菜的田块不能使用甲咪唑烟酸。
In order to study the effects of imazapic residue on growth of vegetables,experiments were conducted by growing 13 kinds of vegetables succeeding to the field with initial imazapic dosage of 108 g/hm2. The results showed that imazapic residue obviously affected cucurbitaceous vegetables(cucumber,Zucchini,white melon) and leaf vegetables(flowering Chinese cabbage,cabbage mustard,senvy,red spinach). The inhibition rate of their plant height,root length and upside fresh weight varied from 31% to 95%,which was significant. As for Solanaceous vegetables(eggplant,tomato,pepper and potato) and long bean,the inhibition effect varied for different vegetables and different parts of the vegetables;the root length and plant height for sweet corn did not have significant difference compared to control group. Moreover,4 kinds of vegetables were grown in lab with modeling imazapic residue dosage from 0 to 96μg/kg. By comparing their ID50 and ID10 value for plant height and root length,we can conclude the order of sensitivity to imazapic: cucumber > flowering Chinese cabbage > pepper > bean;ID50 and ID10 value also showed that roots were more sensitive than stem. Therefore,it is not recommended to use imazapic if succeeding corps are leaf vegetables and cucurbitaceous vegetables.
In order to study the effects of imazapic residue on growth of vegetables,experiments were conducted by growing 13 kinds of vegetables succeeding to the field with initial imazapic dosage of 108 g/hm2. The results showed that imazapic residue obviously affected cucurbitaceous vegetables(cucumber,Zucchini,white melon) and leaf vegetables(flowering Chinese cabbage,cabbage mustard,senvy,red spinach). The inhibition rate of their plant height,root length and upside fresh weight varied from 31% to 95%,which was significant. As for Solanaceous vegetables(eggplant,tomato,pepper and potato) and long bean,the inhibition effect varied for different vegetables and different parts of the vegetables;the root length and plant height for sweet corn did not have significant difference compared to control group. Moreover,4 kinds of vegetables were grown in lab with modeling imazapic residue dosage from 0 to 96μg/kg. By comparing their ID50 and ID10 value for plant height and root length,we can conclude the order of sensitivity to imazapic: cucumber > flowering Chinese cabbage > pepper > bean;ID50 and ID10 value also showed that roots were more sensitive than stem. Therefore,it is not recommended to use imazapic if succeeding corps are leaf vegetables and cucurbitaceous vegetables.
引文
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[12]王学东,周红斌,王慧利,等.咪唑烟酸在不同土壤中的降解动态及其影响因子[J].农药学学报,2004,6(1):53-57.
[13]Newton M,Cole E C,Tinsley I J.Dissipation of Four Forest-Use Herbicides at High Latitudes[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Resarch,2008,15(7):573-583.
[14]崔海军,吴晓丽,章忠军,等.咪唑烟酸在土壤中的残留分布与消解动态[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(3):333-336.
[15]陈旭艳,葛宝坤,常春艳.咪唑啉酮类除草剂环境行为研究进展[J].精细化工中间体,2010,40(2):1-6.
[16]广东统计局.广东农村统计年鉴2013[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2013.
[17]于建垒,宋国春,李瑞娟,等.甲咪唑烟酸及其代谢物在花生及土壤中的残留动态研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(S):260-264.
[2]熊飞.新型花生地专用除草剂——甲咪唑烟酸[J].科学种养,2011(7):49-50.
[3]赵爽,叶非.咪唑啉酮类除草剂的应用及降解[J].植物保护,2009,35(2):15-19.
[4]苏少泉,宋顺祖.中国农田杂草化学防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:183-187.
[5]苏旺苍,孙兰兰,张强,等.甲咪唑烟酸在土壤中的残留对后茬小麦幼苗生长和光合作用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1226-1231.
[6]苏旺苍,孙兰兰,吴仁海,等.甲咪唑烟酸模拟残留对后茬作物的敏感性[J].农药,2014,53(4):260-262.
[7]刘长令.咪唑啉酮类除草剂的创制经纬[J].农药,2002,41(5):42.
[8]沙家骏,张恒民,姜芽君,等.国外新农药品种手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1992:334-338.
[9]James H M,Robert J M著,吴德有译.林业除草剂使用手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1977:50-100.
[10]Boonsirat C,Lef S C,Chef K S,A new herbicide for use in rubber plantation//Preoceedings of the 10th Conference of the Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society[C].1985:99-106.
[11]苏少泉.抗咪唑啉酮类除草剂作物的发展与未来[J].现代农业,2006,5(2):1-4.
[12]王学东,周红斌,王慧利,等.咪唑烟酸在不同土壤中的降解动态及其影响因子[J].农药学学报,2004,6(1):53-57.
[13]Newton M,Cole E C,Tinsley I J.Dissipation of Four Forest-Use Herbicides at High Latitudes[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Resarch,2008,15(7):573-583.
[14]崔海军,吴晓丽,章忠军,等.咪唑烟酸在土壤中的残留分布与消解动态[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(3):333-336.
[15]陈旭艳,葛宝坤,常春艳.咪唑啉酮类除草剂环境行为研究进展[J].精细化工中间体,2010,40(2):1-6.
[16]广东统计局.广东农村统计年鉴2013[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2013.
[17]于建垒,宋国春,李瑞娟,等.甲咪唑烟酸及其代谢物在花生及土壤中的残留动态研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(S):260-264.