18种茎叶处理除草剂紫花苜蓿田应用效果测定
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摘要
紫花苜蓿是我国主要的牧草之一,为明确适合于紫花苜蓿田应用的除草剂,于2016年进行18种除草剂防除紫花苜蓿田杂草的效果及对紫花苜蓿安全性的试验测定。结果表明,紫花苜蓿对除草剂敏感度较高,供试的18种除草剂中仅有9种对紫花苜蓿安全,其中甲咪唑烟酸可以用于紫花苜蓿田防除禾本科或者阔叶杂草,对紫花苜蓿安全性好且杂草防除效果好;高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、精喹禾灵和烯草酮这3种药剂可以用在以禾本科杂草为主的紫花苜蓿田;灭草松、唑嘧磺草胺、嗪草酸甲酯和扑草净等4种药剂对紫花苜蓿安全,对阔叶杂草防除效果好,但对禾本科杂草防除效果差或无效,可以应用在以阔叶杂草为主的紫花苜蓿田;另外的乙氧氟草醚等10种药剂不可应用在紫花苜蓿田。
Medicago sativa is one of the main forages in China. To identify herbicides suitable for application in M.sativa fields,18 herbicides were tested for weed control and crop selectiviy in 2016. M. sativa was sensitive to several herbicides and only nine of them could be considered as safe to M. sativa. Among them,imazameth could be used to effectively control grassy or broadleaf weeds with ample selectivity. Haloxyfop-P-methyl,quizalofop-P-ethyl and clethodim controlled grassy weeds. Bentazone,flumetsulam,fluthiacet-methyl and prometryn were also selective,controlling broadleaf weeds but poor efficacy on grasses. The rest of the herbicides,including oxyfluorfen should not be field applied onto M. sativa because lack of adequate efficacy and marginal crop selectivity.
Medicago sativa is one of the main forages in China. To identify herbicides suitable for application in M.sativa fields,18 herbicides were tested for weed control and crop selectiviy in 2016. M. sativa was sensitive to several herbicides and only nine of them could be considered as safe to M. sativa. Among them,imazameth could be used to effectively control grassy or broadleaf weeds with ample selectivity. Haloxyfop-P-methyl,quizalofop-P-ethyl and clethodim controlled grassy weeds. Bentazone,flumetsulam,fluthiacet-methyl and prometryn were also selective,controlling broadleaf weeds but poor efficacy on grasses. The rest of the herbicides,including oxyfluorfen should not be field applied onto M. sativa because lack of adequate efficacy and marginal crop selectivity.
引文
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[14]白宇,高兴珂,王业臣,等.33个紫花苜蓿品种对蓟马的田间抗性比较[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):187-194.
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[16]郭玉霞,南志标,王成章,等.紫花苜蓿根部入侵真菌研究进展[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):243-249.
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[18]戚志强,胡跃高,曾昭海,等.十四种化学除草剂对沧州地区紫花苜蓿地杂草防效试验[J].草原与草坪,2005(6):41-44.
[19]王笛,李达,徐安凯,等.吉林中部地区紫花苜蓿地除草剂筛选试验[J].草业科学,2016,33(5):956-962.
[2]孙启忠,玉柱,徐春城.我国苜蓿产业亟待振兴[J].草业科学,2012,29(2):314-319.
[3]王鑫,马永祥,李娟.紫花苜蓿营养成分及主要生物学特性[J].草业科学,2003,20(10):39-40.
[4]何平,韦正乙,孙卉,等.紫花苜蓿转基因研究进展[J].草业科学,2013,30(4):627-637.
[5]秦峰梅,张红香,武袆,等.盐胁迫对黄花苜蓿发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):71-78.
[6]赵霞,叶林,纳学伟,等.盐碱胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对紫花苜蓿渗透调节物质及抗氧化能力的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(4):782-787.
[7]周万海,师尚礼,寇江涛.盐胁迫下外源NO对紫花苜蓿幼苗生长及氮代谢的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3003-3008.
[8]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1161-1167.
[9]任立飞,张文浩,李衍素.低磷胁迫对黄花苜蓿生理特性的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):242-249.
[10]李智燕,邢学峰,唐华,等.铝和酸胁迫对苜蓿根瘤菌生长和抗氧化酶系的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):146-153.
[11]刘晓静,张进霞,李文卿,等.施肥及刈割对干旱地区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1516-1526.
[12]鱼小军,景媛媛,徐长林,等.高寒区垄沟覆膜方式对苜蓿生长、根颈及根系特征的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):43-52.
[13]刘东霞,刘贵河,杨志敏.种植及收获因子对紫花苜蓿干草产量和茎叶比的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):48-57.
[14]白宇,高兴珂,王业臣,等.33个紫花苜蓿品种对蓟马的田间抗性比较[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):187-194.
[15]张奔,周敏强,王娟,等.我国紫花苜蓿害虫种类及研究现状[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):785-812.
[16]郭玉霞,南志标,王成章,等.紫花苜蓿根部入侵真菌研究进展[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):243-249.
[17]张振粉,南志标.紫花苜蓿细菌性病害研究进展[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):330-342.
[18]戚志强,胡跃高,曾昭海,等.十四种化学除草剂对沧州地区紫花苜蓿地杂草防效试验[J].草原与草坪,2005(6):41-44.
[19]王笛,李达,徐安凯,等.吉林中部地区紫花苜蓿地除草剂筛选试验[J].草业科学,2016,33(5):956-962.