海洋油气平台甲烷气体扩散模拟及监测效果分析
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摘要
海洋油气平台上的设备及管线之间的连接存在大量密封点,由于设备安装不当、老化、腐蚀等原因极易发生有害气体泄漏,平台设置的气体监测仪有时并不能有效地报警。除了系统自身故障,主要是由于气体监测设备并没有检测到泄漏气体,这种情况给平台带来了极大的安全隐患。如何保证有害气体探测器合理布置,最大限度减小泄漏风险是一个亟待解决的问题。在充分研究某海上油气平台主工艺流程的设备设施布局及运行工况后,运用CFD软件建立平台三维模型,进行不同泄漏条件及风况下的甲烷气体扩散仿真,得到气体受到平台结构及设备布局影响后的浓度分布。根据仿真得到的气体扩散特点及当前监测设备分布情况,给出了改进建议。
There are a large number of sealing points between the equipment and pipelines on the offshore oil and gas platform.Due to improper installation,aging,corrosion and other reasons,harmful gas leakage is likely to occur.The gas monitor installed on the platform sometimes cannot effectively alarm.The failure of the system itself is mainly due to the fact that the gas monitoring equipment does not detect the leaking gas,which brings great safety hazards to the platform.How to ensure the reasonable arrangement of harmful gas detectors and minimize the risk of leakage is an urgent problem to be solved.After fully studying the equipment layout and operating conditions of the main process of an offshore oil and gas platform,this paper uses CFD software to establish a three-dimensional model of the platform to simulate the diffusion of methane gas under different leakage conditions and wind conditions,and obtain the structure and equipment of the gas receiving platform.The concentration distribution after the layout is affected.According to the characteristics of gas diffusion obtained by simulation and the distribution of current monitoring equipment,suggestions for improvement are given.
There are a large number of sealing points between the equipment and pipelines on the offshore oil and gas platform.Due to improper installation,aging,corrosion and other reasons,harmful gas leakage is likely to occur.The gas monitor installed on the platform sometimes cannot effectively alarm.The failure of the system itself is mainly due to the fact that the gas monitoring equipment does not detect the leaking gas,which brings great safety hazards to the platform.How to ensure the reasonable arrangement of harmful gas detectors and minimize the risk of leakage is an urgent problem to be solved.After fully studying the equipment layout and operating conditions of the main process of an offshore oil and gas platform,this paper uses CFD software to establish a three-dimensional model of the platform to simulate the diffusion of methane gas under different leakage conditions and wind conditions,and obtain the structure and equipment of the gas receiving platform.The concentration distribution after the layout is affected.According to the characteristics of gas diffusion obtained by simulation and the distribution of current monitoring equipment,suggestions for improvement are given.
引文
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[15]AQ/T 3046化工企业定量风险评价导则[S].2013.
[16]张振杰,李志平,张苗苗.红外成像技术在石化装置易挥发性气体泄漏检测中的应用[J].山东化工,2015(12):159-162.
[2]刑志祥,蒋军成.喷射火焰对容器的热辐射计算[J].安全与环境工程,2003,10(3):71-73.
[3]牛坤.开敞空间可燃气体扩散规律与爆燃现象的研究[D].硕天津:河北工业大学,2007.
[4]Ohba R,Kouchi A,Hara T,et al.Validation of heavy and light gas dispersion models for the safety analysis of LNG tank[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2004,(17):325-337.
[5]Chan S T,Ermak D L,Morris L K.FEM3 model simulations of selected Thorney Island Phase I Trails[J].Journal of Hazardous Material,1987,(16):267-292.
[6]Pereira J C F,Chen X Q.Numerical calculation of unsteady heavy gas dispersion[J].Journal of Hazardous Material,1996,(46):253-272.
[7]Blackmore D R,Herman M N,Woodward J L.Heavy gas dispersion models[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1982,6(1-2):107-128.
[8]张建文,安宇,魏利军.危险化学品事故应急反应大气扩散模型及系统概述[J].环境监测管理与技术,2008,(2):7-11.
[9]周轶,陆忠义,唐士军,等.重气扩散研究现状与进展[J].安全与环境学报,2012,(3):242-247.
[10]沈艳涛,于建国.有毒有害气体泄漏的CFD数值模拟(I)模型建立与校验[J].化工学报,2007,58(3):745-749.
[11]孟志鹏,王淑兰,丁信伟.可爆性气体泄漏扩散时均湍流场的数值模拟[J].安全与环境学报,2003,3(3):25-28.
[12]朱远星.高含硫天然气净化厂气体检测仪优化设置方法研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2015.
[13]潘旭海,蒋军成.事故泄漏源模型研究与分析[J].南京工业大学学报(自科版),2002,24(14):105-110.
[15]AQ/T 3046化工企业定量风险评价导则[S].2013.
[16]张振杰,李志平,张苗苗.红外成像技术在石化装置易挥发性气体泄漏检测中的应用[J].山东化工,2015(12):159-162.