聚氨酯/水滑石杂化物纳米复合材料的结构与性能
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摘要
将负离子水性聚氨酯与锌铝水滑石通过超声共混的方法,得到改性锌铝水滑石杂化物(OLDH),再将其与聚醚多元醇、多元异氰酸酯共混反应,以二甲硫基甲苯二胺为扩链剂,制备聚氨酯(PU)/OLDH纳米复合材料。结果表明,当OLDH的质量分数小于2%时,OLDH均匀地分散在PU基体中,二者相容性较好。相比于PU,当OLDH的质量分数为1%时,PU/OLDH纳米复合材料的拉伸强度增强了33.4%;当OLDH的质量分数为2%时,撕裂强度和扯断伸长率分别提高了8.3%和35.7%。相比于PU,PU/OLDH纳米复合材料质量损失率为50%时的温度约升高21℃,玻璃化转变温度升高4.4℃。
Modified zinc-aluminium hydrotalcite hybrid(OLDH) was synthesized by blending anionic waterborne polyurethane with zinc-aluminium hydrotalcite by ultrasound. Then it was blended with polyether polyols and polyisocyanates to prepare polyurethane(PU)/OLDH nanocomposites using dimethylthio-toluene diamine as chain extender. The results showed that when the mass fraction of OLDH was less than 2%, OLDH was uniformly dispersed in PU matrix, and the compatibility between them was good. Compared with PU, the tensile strength of PU/OLDH nanocomposites increased by 33.4% when the mass fraction of OLDH was 1%. While the tear strength and elongation at break increased by 8.29% and 35.70% respectively when the mass fraction of OLDH was 2%.Compared with PU, the temperature at the mass loss rate of 50% increased by 21 ℃ and glass transition temperature increased by 4.4 ℃, when the mass fraction of OLDH was 2%.
Modified zinc-aluminium hydrotalcite hybrid(OLDH) was synthesized by blending anionic waterborne polyurethane with zinc-aluminium hydrotalcite by ultrasound. Then it was blended with polyether polyols and polyisocyanates to prepare polyurethane(PU)/OLDH nanocomposites using dimethylthio-toluene diamine as chain extender. The results showed that when the mass fraction of OLDH was less than 2%, OLDH was uniformly dispersed in PU matrix, and the compatibility between them was good. Compared with PU, the tensile strength of PU/OLDH nanocomposites increased by 33.4% when the mass fraction of OLDH was 1%. While the tear strength and elongation at break increased by 8.29% and 35.70% respectively when the mass fraction of OLDH was 2%.Compared with PU, the temperature at the mass loss rate of 50% increased by 21 ℃ and glass transition temperature increased by 4.4 ℃, when the mass fraction of OLDH was 2%.
引文
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[3]Pramanik M, Srivastava S K, Samantaray B K, et al. Synthesis and characterization of organosoluble, thermoplastic elastomer/clay nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Polymer Science(Part B):Polymer Physics,2002,40(18):2065-2072.
[4]Pramanik M, Srivastava S K, Samantaray B K, et al. Rubber-clay nanocomposite by solution blending[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2003,87(14):2216-2220.
[5]Asif A A, John B, Rao V L, et al. Surface morphology, thermomechanical and barrier properties of poly(ether sulfone)-toughened epoxy clay ternary nanocomposites[J]. Polymer International,2010,59(7):986-997.
[6]Maitii M, Bhowmick A K. New fluoroelastomer nanocomposites from synthetic montmorillonite[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2008,68(1):1-9.
[7]Nazarenko S, Meneghetti P, Julmon P, et al. Gas barrier of polystyrene montmorillonite clay nanocomposites:Effect of mineral layer aggregation[J]. Journal of Polymer Science(Part B):Polymer Physics,2007,45(13):1733-1753.
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[10]Xiong Jianwen, Zheng Zhen, Qin Xiumin, et al. The thermal and mechanical properties of a polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite[J]. Carbon, 2006, 44(13): 2701-2707.
[11]Kim H, Miura Y, Macosko C W. Graphene/polyurethane nanocomposites for improved gas barrier and electrical conductivity[J]. Chemistry of Materials,2010,22(11):3441-3450.
[12]Tsai T Y, Lu Shaowen, Li Fushou. Preparation and characte-rization of epoxy/layered double hydroxides nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,2008,69(5):1386-1390.
[13]Kotali M, Srivastava S K, Bhowmick A K. Thermoplastic polyurethane and nitrile butadiene rubber blends with layered double hydroxide nanocomposites by solution blending[J]. Polymer International,2010,59(1):2-10.
[14]Acharya H, Srivastava S K, Bhowmick A K. Synthesis of partially exfoliated EPDM/LDH nanocomposites by solution intercalation:Structural characterization and properties[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2007,67(13):2807-2816.
[15]Manzi-nshuti C, Songtipya P, Maninas E, et al. Polymer nanocomposites using zinc aluminum and magnesium aluminum oleate layered double hydroxides: Effects of LDH divalent metals on dispersion, thermal, mechanical and fire performance in various polymers[J]. Polymer,2009,50(15):3564-3574.
[16]Hsueh H B, Chen C Y. Preparation and properties of LDHs/polyimide nanocomposites[J]. Polymer,2003,44(4): 1151-1161.
[17]Itoh T, Ohta N, Shichi T, et al. The self-assembling properties of stearate ions in hydrotalcite clay composites[J]. Langmuir,2003,19(22):9120-9126.
[18]Moon S Y, Kim J K, Nah C, et al. Polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared from crystalline polyols, using 1,4-butanediol and organoclay hybrid as chain extenders[J]. European Polymer Journal,2004,40(8):1615-1621.
[19]Gianelli W, Camino G, Dintcheva N T, et al. EVA-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites:Effect of Processing Conditions[J]. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2004,289(3):238-244.
[20]Leroux F, Besse J P. Polymer interleaved layered double hydroxide: a new emerging class of nanocomposites[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2001,13(10):3507-3515.
[21]Kuila T, Acharya H, Srivastava S K, et al. Synthesis and characterization of ethylene vinyl acetate/Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2007,104(3):1845-1851.
[22]代娇娇,李再峰,温永红. 不同改性锌铝水滑石的制备及其对聚氨酯脲性能的影响[J]. 弹性体,2018,28(3):13-18.
[23]庞秀江,代娇娇,刘源,等. 微反应器法制备ZnAl-LDH纳米片及LDH基疏水膜的组装[J]. 化学研究与应用,2016,28(8):1114-1119.
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