有机物替代部分化肥对土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响
|
摘要
为探索生物有机肥替代化肥对土壤肥力的影响,采用大田模拟试验,分析了秸秆、秸秆掺混牛粪替代不同比例化肥后土壤有机质、活性有机质、碳库管理指数等的动态变化。结果表明:不同有机物替代处理均能提高土壤总有机质含量,秸秆替代40%化肥(S3)处理效果最好,提高14.25%。秸秆替代、秸秆牛粪共同替代处理在提高土壤中活性、低活性有机质含量方面效果较好。不同活性有机质的碳库管理指数总体上以牛粪秸秆共同替代处理较高,其中高活性有机质的碳库管理指数以MS3(秸秆和牛粪共同替代40%化肥)处理最高,为175.7,中活性有机质以MS4(秸秆牛粪配施全量化肥)处理最高,为407.7,低活性有机质以MS2(秸秆牛粪共同替代30%化肥)处理最高,为533.7。总之,不同有机物替代部分化肥能有效提升土壤总有机质、不同活性有机质含量及碳库管理指数,其中秸秆牛粪共同替代30%~40%化肥效果最优。
The field experiments were carried out to explore the optimum ratio of organic material to substitute chemical fertilizer in Fluvo-aquic soil in Henan province by analyzing the effects of different organic materials displacing different ratios of chemical fertilizer on the total organic matter( TOC),different labile organic matter( LOM) and carbon pool management index( CPMI). The results showed that the TOC was obviously elevated under different treatments with organic materials,and the highest increment was 14. 25% under the treatment of straw substituting 40% chemical fertilizer( S3). It was more effective on promoting the moderately and lowly LOM content under straw only and straw combined with cattle manure substitution treatments. The higher CPMI value of different LOM was showed under the straw combined with cattle manure substitution treatments. The highest CPMI of highly LOM was 175. 7 in the treatment of straw combined with cattle manure substituting 40% chemical fertilizer( MS3). Thehighest CPMI of moderately LOM was 407. 7 in the treatment of 100% chemical fertilizer combined with straw and cattle manure( MS4). The highest CPMI of lowly LOM was 533. 7 in the treatment of straw combined with cattle manure substituting 30% chemical fertilizer( MS2). Generally,substitution of partial chemical fertilizer by different organic material could effectively improve the TOC,LOM and CPMI.Among the different substitution ratios,substitution of 30% —40% chemical fertilizer by straw and cattle manure together was the optimum ratio in Henan province.
The field experiments were carried out to explore the optimum ratio of organic material to substitute chemical fertilizer in Fluvo-aquic soil in Henan province by analyzing the effects of different organic materials displacing different ratios of chemical fertilizer on the total organic matter( TOC),different labile organic matter( LOM) and carbon pool management index( CPMI). The results showed that the TOC was obviously elevated under different treatments with organic materials,and the highest increment was 14. 25% under the treatment of straw substituting 40% chemical fertilizer( S3). It was more effective on promoting the moderately and lowly LOM content under straw only and straw combined with cattle manure substitution treatments. The higher CPMI value of different LOM was showed under the straw combined with cattle manure substitution treatments. The highest CPMI of highly LOM was 175. 7 in the treatment of straw combined with cattle manure substituting 40% chemical fertilizer( MS3). Thehighest CPMI of moderately LOM was 407. 7 in the treatment of 100% chemical fertilizer combined with straw and cattle manure( MS4). The highest CPMI of lowly LOM was 533. 7 in the treatment of straw combined with cattle manure substituting 30% chemical fertilizer( MS2). Generally,substitution of partial chemical fertilizer by different organic material could effectively improve the TOC,LOM and CPMI.Among the different substitution ratios,substitution of 30% —40% chemical fertilizer by straw and cattle manure together was the optimum ratio in Henan province.
引文
[1]刘钦普.河南省化肥施用强度地理分布及其环境风险评价[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(6):66-70.
[2]Zhang W J,Wang X J,Xu M G,et al.Soil organic carbon dynamics under long-term fertilizations in arable land of northern China[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,2009,6(4):6539-6577.
[3]邱莉萍,张兴昌,程积民.土地利用方式对土壤有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(1):84-89.
[4]徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤,等.长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):459-465.
[5]于荣,徐明岗,王伯仁.土壤活性有机质测定方法的比较[J].土壤肥料,2005(2):49-52.
[6]徐明岗,于荣,王伯仁.土壤活性有机质的研究进展[J].土壤肥料,2000(6):3-7.
[7]Logninow W,Wisniewski W,Strony W M.Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation[J].Polish Journal of Soil Science,1987,20(1):47-52.
[8]张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):359-365.
[9]张电学,韩志卿,王秋兵,等.长期不同施肥制度下土壤有机质质量动态变化规律[J].土壤通报,2007,38(2):251-255.
[10]黄晶,高菊生,张杨珠,等.长期不同施肥下水稻产量及土壤有机质和氮素养分的变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1889-1894.
[11]王旭东,张一平,吕家珑,等.不同施肥条件对土壤有机质及胡敏酸特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(2):75-81.
[12]Lefroy B R D,Blair C,Strong M W.Changes in organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and13C natural isotope abundance[J].Plant and Soil,1993,155(156):399-402.
[13]佟小刚,黄绍敏,徐明岗,等.长期不同施肥模式对潮土有机碳组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):831-836.
[14]介晓磊,寇太记,刘芳,等.有机物在砂土中不同时段的腐解状况研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(3):266-269.
[15]高明博.有机培肥化肥减量对农田有机碳及夏玉米含碳率的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[16]何翠翠,王立刚,王迎春,等.长期施肥下黑土活性有机质和碳库管理指数研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):194-202.
[17]夏海勇,王凯荣,赵庆雷,等.秸秆添加对土壤有机碳库分解转化和组成的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(4):386-393.
[18]宇万太,赵鑫,马强,等.长期定位试验下施肥对潮棕壤活性碳库及碳库管理指数的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):539-544.
[19]高翔,沈阿林,寇长林,等.秸秆还田对小麦玉米轮作田土壤有机碳质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(9):63-67.
[20]杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2907-2913.
[21]任春雪,梁成华,杜立宇,等.设施蔬菜栽培土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(1):7-11.
[22]窦森,李凯,崔俊涛,等.土壤腐殖物质形成转化与结构特征研究进展[J].土壤学报,2008,45(6):1148-1158.
[23]朱青藤,申连玉,钱黎慧,等.有机物对白土土壤胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):396-403.
[24]吴其聪,张丛志,张佳宝,等.不同施肥及秸秆还田对潮土有机质及其组分的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(6):1034-1039.
[25]蔡太义,黄会娟,黄耀威,等.不同量秸秆覆盖还田对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(6):964-974.
[26]邓少虹,林明月,李伏生,等.施肥对喀斯特地区植草土壤碳库管理指数及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):262-268.
[27]潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环,等.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):526-535.
[28]吴小丹,蔡立湘,鲁艳红,等.长期不同施肥制度对红壤性水稻土活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):283-288.
[29]汪吉东,张永春,俞美香,等.不同有机无机肥配合施用对土壤活性有机质含量及p H值的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(6):573-578.
[2]Zhang W J,Wang X J,Xu M G,et al.Soil organic carbon dynamics under long-term fertilizations in arable land of northern China[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,2009,6(4):6539-6577.
[3]邱莉萍,张兴昌,程积民.土地利用方式对土壤有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(1):84-89.
[4]徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤,等.长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):459-465.
[5]于荣,徐明岗,王伯仁.土壤活性有机质测定方法的比较[J].土壤肥料,2005(2):49-52.
[6]徐明岗,于荣,王伯仁.土壤活性有机质的研究进展[J].土壤肥料,2000(6):3-7.
[7]Logninow W,Wisniewski W,Strony W M.Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation[J].Polish Journal of Soil Science,1987,20(1):47-52.
[8]张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):359-365.
[9]张电学,韩志卿,王秋兵,等.长期不同施肥制度下土壤有机质质量动态变化规律[J].土壤通报,2007,38(2):251-255.
[10]黄晶,高菊生,张杨珠,等.长期不同施肥下水稻产量及土壤有机质和氮素养分的变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1889-1894.
[11]王旭东,张一平,吕家珑,等.不同施肥条件对土壤有机质及胡敏酸特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(2):75-81.
[12]Lefroy B R D,Blair C,Strong M W.Changes in organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and13C natural isotope abundance[J].Plant and Soil,1993,155(156):399-402.
[13]佟小刚,黄绍敏,徐明岗,等.长期不同施肥模式对潮土有机碳组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):831-836.
[14]介晓磊,寇太记,刘芳,等.有机物在砂土中不同时段的腐解状况研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(3):266-269.
[15]高明博.有机培肥化肥减量对农田有机碳及夏玉米含碳率的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[16]何翠翠,王立刚,王迎春,等.长期施肥下黑土活性有机质和碳库管理指数研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):194-202.
[17]夏海勇,王凯荣,赵庆雷,等.秸秆添加对土壤有机碳库分解转化和组成的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(4):386-393.
[18]宇万太,赵鑫,马强,等.长期定位试验下施肥对潮棕壤活性碳库及碳库管理指数的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):539-544.
[19]高翔,沈阿林,寇长林,等.秸秆还田对小麦玉米轮作田土壤有机碳质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(9):63-67.
[20]杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2907-2913.
[21]任春雪,梁成华,杜立宇,等.设施蔬菜栽培土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(1):7-11.
[22]窦森,李凯,崔俊涛,等.土壤腐殖物质形成转化与结构特征研究进展[J].土壤学报,2008,45(6):1148-1158.
[23]朱青藤,申连玉,钱黎慧,等.有机物对白土土壤胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):396-403.
[24]吴其聪,张丛志,张佳宝,等.不同施肥及秸秆还田对潮土有机质及其组分的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(6):1034-1039.
[25]蔡太义,黄会娟,黄耀威,等.不同量秸秆覆盖还田对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(6):964-974.
[26]邓少虹,林明月,李伏生,等.施肥对喀斯特地区植草土壤碳库管理指数及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):262-268.
[27]潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环,等.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):526-535.
[28]吴小丹,蔡立湘,鲁艳红,等.长期不同施肥制度对红壤性水稻土活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):283-288.
[29]汪吉东,张永春,俞美香,等.不同有机无机肥配合施用对土壤活性有机质含量及p H值的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(6):573-578.