生物炭对不同氮水平下植烟土壤碳氮转化的影响
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摘要
通过大田试验,探索不同氮水平下配施生物炭对植烟土壤碳氮转化及养分含量的影响,筛选最佳氮肥施用量。试验设5个处理,在磷肥和钾肥施用量相同的基础上,除对照处理不施生物炭与氮肥外,其余4个处理皆添加1600 kg/hm~2的生物炭,施氮量分别为0 kg/hm~2(N0)、37.5 kg/hm~2(N1)、52.5 kg/hm~2(N2)、67.5 kg/hm~2(N3),研究生物炭与氮肥交互对植烟土壤碳氮转化相关酶活性及活性养分含量变化的影响。结果表明:植烟土壤在生物炭的改良作用下施用不同量的氮肥可以显著提高土壤脲酶与蔗糖酶的活性;对土壤碱解氮含量也有显著提高作用,其中N3处理土壤碱解氮含量最高为261.86 mg/kg;但对土壤速效磷含量影响不显著;施氮在烤烟移栽后60天时提高了土壤速效钾含量,且速效钾含量随施氮量的增加呈先上升后降低的趋势。生物炭配施氮肥提高了土壤微生物量碳与微生物熵,N3和N2处理最大值分别达到355.00 mg/kg和3.01%。综上所述,在豫中烟区生物炭配施氮肥量67.5 kg/hm~2措施最有利于提高土壤养分。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of biochar on carbon(C) and nitrogen(N)conversion under different nitrogen application rates in tobacco-planting soil, and select the optimum amount of N application. Five treatments were set as: no N and no biochar(CK), and 1600 kg/hm~2 biochar with four nitrogen levels: 0 kg/hm~2(N0), 37.5 N kg/hm~2(N1), 52.5 N kg/hm~2(N2) and 67.5 N kg/hm~2(N3). The effect of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on key enzyme activities of C and N cycle and the available nutrients was analyzed. The results showed that the activities of soil urease and sucrose were improved significantly under the application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer, and the content of soil available nitrogen was significantly increased, the highest content of soil available nitrogen was 261.86 mg/kg under N3 treatment, while, there was little effect on soil available phosphorus content. The nitrogen application could increase the content of soil available potassium 60 days after tobacco transplanting and the content of soil available potassium increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application. What's more, biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application improved microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy. The highest content of microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy were 355.00 mg/kg and 3.01% under N3 and N2 treatment, respectively.Generally, the combination application of biochar and 67.5 kg/hm~2 N is the optimum practice in central Henan Province.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of biochar on carbon(C) and nitrogen(N)conversion under different nitrogen application rates in tobacco-planting soil, and select the optimum amount of N application. Five treatments were set as: no N and no biochar(CK), and 1600 kg/hm~2 biochar with four nitrogen levels: 0 kg/hm~2(N0), 37.5 N kg/hm~2(N1), 52.5 N kg/hm~2(N2) and 67.5 N kg/hm~2(N3). The effect of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on key enzyme activities of C and N cycle and the available nutrients was analyzed. The results showed that the activities of soil urease and sucrose were improved significantly under the application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer, and the content of soil available nitrogen was significantly increased, the highest content of soil available nitrogen was 261.86 mg/kg under N3 treatment, while, there was little effect on soil available phosphorus content. The nitrogen application could increase the content of soil available potassium 60 days after tobacco transplanting and the content of soil available potassium increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application. What's more, biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application improved microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy. The highest content of microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy were 355.00 mg/kg and 3.01% under N3 and N2 treatment, respectively.Generally, the combination application of biochar and 67.5 kg/hm~2 N is the optimum practice in central Henan Province.
引文
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[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-282.
[15]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:54-74.
[16]赵军,耿增超,尚杰,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(8):2355-2362.
[17]刘领,王艳芳,宋久洋,等.生物炭与氮肥减量配施对烤烟生长及土壤酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(2):62-66.
[18]严君,韩晓增,王树起,等.不同施氮量下一次与分次施氮对大豆土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):150-154.
[19]赵殿峰,徐静,罗璇,等.生物炭对土壤养分、烤烟生长以及烟叶化学成分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(3):85-92.
[20]郑加玉,张忠锋,程森,等.稻壳生物炭对整治烟田土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):6-12.
[21]李静静,丁松爽,李艳平,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对烤烟干物质积累及土壤生物学特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(1):96-103.
[2]陈敏,杜相革.生物炭对土壤特性及烟草产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤肥料,2015(1):80-83.
[3]韩富根,沈铮,李元实,等.施氮量对烤烟经济性状、化学成分及香气质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(5):38-42.
[4]张延春,陈治锋,龙怀玉,等.不同氮素形态及比例对烤烟长势、产量及部分品质因素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):81-86.
[5]陈山,龙世平,崔新卫,等.施用稻壳生物炭对土壤养分及烤烟生长的影响[J].作物研究,2016,30(2):142-148.
[6]张继旭,张继光,张忠锋,等.秸秆生物炭对烤烟生长发育、土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):16-21.
[7]尚杰,耿增超,王月玲,等.施用生物炭对土塿土微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(6):1142-1151.
[8]李琰琰,刘国顺,向金友,等.氮营养水平对植烟土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(2):39-43.
[9]牛静,甄安忠,葛生珍,等.不同施氮量对植烟土壤理化特性和酶活性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1561-1566.
[10]杨馨逸,刘小虎,韩晓日,等.不同品种小麦下土壤微生物量和可溶性有机物对不同施氮量的响应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(7):1315-1324.
[11]周孚美,周龙翔,黄新国.不同生物质炭施用量对烤烟相关性状的影响研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(17):15-18.
[12]毛家伟,张翔,司贤宗,等.不同碳肥水平对土壤肥力及烤烟养分吸收和产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,39(2):43-48.
[13]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:260-346.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-282.
[15]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:54-74.
[16]赵军,耿增超,尚杰,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(8):2355-2362.
[17]刘领,王艳芳,宋久洋,等.生物炭与氮肥减量配施对烤烟生长及土壤酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(2):62-66.
[18]严君,韩晓增,王树起,等.不同施氮量下一次与分次施氮对大豆土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):150-154.
[19]赵殿峰,徐静,罗璇,等.生物炭对土壤养分、烤烟生长以及烟叶化学成分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(3):85-92.
[20]郑加玉,张忠锋,程森,等.稻壳生物炭对整治烟田土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):6-12.
[21]李静静,丁松爽,李艳平,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对烤烟干物质积累及土壤生物学特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(1):96-103.