生物炭配施菌肥对植烟土壤养分和可溶性有机碳氮光谱特征的影响
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摘要
在生物炭与有机菌肥配施条件下,研究植烟土壤在生长期内土壤基础养分和可溶性碳(DOC)、氮(DON)含量的变化,为植烟土壤的合理施肥提供理论依据。采用田间试验的方法,在施相同化学肥料的基础上,设置CK(不施有机肥)、T1(生物炭)、T2(有机菌肥)、T3(生物炭菌肥)、T4(50%有机菌肥+50%生物炭)、T5(60%有机菌肥+40%生物炭)、T6(40%有机菌肥+60%生物炭) 7个处理。结果显示,各有机肥处理与对照相比对提高土壤养分含量作用明显,与其他处理相比,T2处理显著提高了移栽后60 d的土壤铵态氮含量; T5处理则显著提高了整个生育期的硝态氮含量;与其他处理相比T5处理显著提高了60 d速效磷含量,T2处理显著提高了60 d时土壤速效钾含量。T1和T3处理与其他处理相比显著提高了旺长期(移栽后60 d)土壤DOC含量,T3处理的DOC/SOC比值达到最高(8. 31 mg/g)。T2处理土壤DON含量在90 d达到最高(57. 09 mg/kg),T5处理的土壤DON含量则在60 d最高(97. 98 mg/kg);与其他处理相比,T3、T4、T5和T6处理降低了移裁后90 d植烟土壤成熟期的芳香化指数(AI),提高了E2/E3值。综上所述,在豫中烟区,有机菌肥及60%有机菌肥配施40%生物炭施肥措施,最有利于提高土壤氮素含量,生物炭和生物炭菌肥施肥措施有利于提高土壤可溶性碳含量。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of compound-organic-bio-bacteria-fertilizer or/and biochar on soil properties and dissolved soil N and C in the tobacco-growing soil. Seven treatments were set as:(1)no organic fertilizer( CK),(2)biochar( T1),(3)Compound-organic-bio-bacteria-fertilizer( COBBF,T2),(4)Biobacteria-biochar-fertilizer( T3),(5)50% COBBF + 50% biochar( T4),(6)60% COBBF + 40% biochar( T5),(7)40% COBBF + 60% biochar( T6). The result showed the soil nutrient was significantly improved under treatments with organic fertilizer application. The ammonium nitrogen content under T2 treatment was significantly promoted after tobacco transplanted 60 d compared with other treatments. The nitrate nitrogen content under T5 treatment was improved in the whole growth stage. The soil available potassium content under T2 and the soil available,phosphorus under T5 treatments were increased after tobacco transplanted 60 d compared with other treatments. The DOC content and DOC/SOC were obviously promoted under T1 and T3 treatments compared with other treatments,the highest DOC/SOC ratio as 8. 31 mg/g occurred under T3 treatment. The DON content under T2 treatment peaked as 57. 09 mg/kg after tobacco transplanted 90 d,while which reached as 97. 98 mg/kg under T5 treatment during tobacco transplanted 60 d; Aromaticity index( AI) was reduced under T3,T4,T5 and T6 treatments. The E2/E3 was increased during tobacco transplanted 90 d. In conclusion,in central area of Henan Province,it is suggested that the COBBF only and 60% COBBF + 40% biochar application were the optimal practice to improve soil N content; while biochar only and Bio-bacteria-biochar-fertilizer application could improve the soil dissolved C.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of compound-organic-bio-bacteria-fertilizer or/and biochar on soil properties and dissolved soil N and C in the tobacco-growing soil. Seven treatments were set as:(1)no organic fertilizer( CK),(2)biochar( T1),(3)Compound-organic-bio-bacteria-fertilizer( COBBF,T2),(4)Biobacteria-biochar-fertilizer( T3),(5)50% COBBF + 50% biochar( T4),(6)60% COBBF + 40% biochar( T5),(7)40% COBBF + 60% biochar( T6). The result showed the soil nutrient was significantly improved under treatments with organic fertilizer application. The ammonium nitrogen content under T2 treatment was significantly promoted after tobacco transplanted 60 d compared with other treatments. The nitrate nitrogen content under T5 treatment was improved in the whole growth stage. The soil available potassium content under T2 and the soil available,phosphorus under T5 treatments were increased after tobacco transplanted 60 d compared with other treatments. The DOC content and DOC/SOC were obviously promoted under T1 and T3 treatments compared with other treatments,the highest DOC/SOC ratio as 8. 31 mg/g occurred under T3 treatment. The DON content under T2 treatment peaked as 57. 09 mg/kg after tobacco transplanted 90 d,while which reached as 97. 98 mg/kg under T5 treatment during tobacco transplanted 60 d; Aromaticity index( AI) was reduced under T3,T4,T5 and T6 treatments. The E2/E3 was increased during tobacco transplanted 90 d. In conclusion,in central area of Henan Province,it is suggested that the COBBF only and 60% COBBF + 40% biochar application were the optimal practice to improve soil N content; while biochar only and Bio-bacteria-biochar-fertilizer application could improve the soil dissolved C.
引文
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[2]张长华,蒋卫,蒋玉梅,等.施肥对烤烟产量、品质及土壤养分、酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):77-79.
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[4]曾强,李小龙,汪莹,等.生物有机肥和土壤调理剂对烤烟生长发育和产、质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(11):36-40.
[5]杨云高,王树林,刘国,等.生物有机肥对烤烟产质量及土壤改良的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):71-74.
[6]肖瑶,蒋宇洲,李迪,等.有机生物菌肥对重茬烤烟养分吸收及光合特性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(12):88-91.
[7]姜桂英,张弘,张玉军,等.烟草农艺性状和烟叶化学成分对不同碳氮比有机物料的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):62-66.
[8] Chan K Y,Van Z L,Meszaros I,et al. Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research,2007,45(8):629-634.
[9] Lehmann J. A handful of carbon[J]. Nature,2007,447(10):143-144.
[10]陈敏,杜相革.生物炭对土壤特性及烟草产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(1):80-83.
[11]杨盼盼,蒋慧敏,蒲强,等.与化肥配施的菌肥用量对土壤肥力特性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2017,38(3):26-31.
[12]沈玉芳,陶武辉,李世清.有机物料输入对干润砂质新成土可溶性有机碳、氮的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(1):139-145.
[13]张弘,李影,张玉军,等.生物炭对植烟土壤氮素形态迁移及微生物量氮的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):27-35.
[14]叶协锋,李志鹏,于晓娜,等.生物炭用量对植烟土壤碳库及烤后烟叶质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(5):33-41.
[15]高嵩涓.长期冬绿肥-水稻制度下稻田土壤部分环境化学及分子生态学特征[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-282.
[17]张玉军,董士刚,刘世亮,等.不同有机物料对土壤基本化学性质及可溶性有机碳氮的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):116-123.
[18]熊丽,杨玉盛,万菁娟,等.可溶性有机碳在土壤剖面淋溶过程中的分馏[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1289-1296.
[19]陈山,龙世平,崔新卫,等.施用稻壳生物炭对土壤养分及烤烟生长的影响[J].作物研究,2016,30(2):142-148.
[20] Deenik J L,McClellan A T,Uehara G,et al. Biochar volatile matter content effects on plant growth and nitrogen transformations in a tropical soil[J]. Crop and Soil Science,2010,74:1259-1270.
[21]吴丹,林静雯,张岩,等.牛粪生物炭对土壤氮肥淋失的抑制作用[J].土壤通报,2015,46(2):459-463.
[22]周志红,李心清,邢英,等.生物炭对土壤氮素淋失的抑制作用[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):278-284.
[23]梁利宝,李维宏,许剑敏.菌肥与有机无机肥配施对石灰性土壤不同形态氮素的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):176-179.
[24]赵殿峰,徐静,罗璇,等.生物炭对土壤养分、烤烟生长以及烟叶化学成分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(3):85-92.
[25]王涛,辛世杰,乔卫花,等.几种微生物菌肥对连作黄瓜生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011,(18):52-57.
[26]陈安强,付斌,鲁耀,等.有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):161-167.
[27]杨双剑.有机施肥模式对植烟土壤微生态的调控研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[28]段鹏鹏,丛耀辉,徐文静,等.氮肥与有机肥配施对设施土壤可溶性氮动态变化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4717-4727.
[29] Magill A H,Aber J D. Vanation in soil net mineralization rates with dissolved organic carbon additions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32(5):597-601.
[30] Jones D L,Shannon D,Murphy D V,et al. Role of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)in soil N cycling in grassland soils[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemisty,2004,36(5):749-756.
[31]候晓娜,李慧,朱刘兵,等.生物炭与秸秆添加对砂姜黑土团聚体组成和有机碳分布的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):705-712.
[32]江姗,赵光影,臧淑英,等.小兴安岭不同土地利用方式下的土壤DOC化学光谱特性[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):235-238.
[33]李鸣晓,何小松,刘骏,等.鸡粪堆肥水溶性有机物特征紫外吸收光谱研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(11):3081-3085.
[2]张长华,蒋卫,蒋玉梅,等.施肥对烤烟产量、品质及土壤养分、酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):77-79.
[3] Yuan L,Bao D J,Jin Y,et al. Influence of fertilizers on nitrogen mineralization and utilization in the rhizosphere of wheat[J]. Plant Soil,2011,343(1-2):187-193.
[4]曾强,李小龙,汪莹,等.生物有机肥和土壤调理剂对烤烟生长发育和产、质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(11):36-40.
[5]杨云高,王树林,刘国,等.生物有机肥对烤烟产质量及土壤改良的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):71-74.
[6]肖瑶,蒋宇洲,李迪,等.有机生物菌肥对重茬烤烟养分吸收及光合特性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(12):88-91.
[7]姜桂英,张弘,张玉军,等.烟草农艺性状和烟叶化学成分对不同碳氮比有机物料的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):62-66.
[8] Chan K Y,Van Z L,Meszaros I,et al. Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research,2007,45(8):629-634.
[9] Lehmann J. A handful of carbon[J]. Nature,2007,447(10):143-144.
[10]陈敏,杜相革.生物炭对土壤特性及烟草产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(1):80-83.
[11]杨盼盼,蒋慧敏,蒲强,等.与化肥配施的菌肥用量对土壤肥力特性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2017,38(3):26-31.
[12]沈玉芳,陶武辉,李世清.有机物料输入对干润砂质新成土可溶性有机碳、氮的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(1):139-145.
[13]张弘,李影,张玉军,等.生物炭对植烟土壤氮素形态迁移及微生物量氮的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):27-35.
[14]叶协锋,李志鹏,于晓娜,等.生物炭用量对植烟土壤碳库及烤后烟叶质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(5):33-41.
[15]高嵩涓.长期冬绿肥-水稻制度下稻田土壤部分环境化学及分子生态学特征[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-282.
[17]张玉军,董士刚,刘世亮,等.不同有机物料对土壤基本化学性质及可溶性有机碳氮的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):116-123.
[18]熊丽,杨玉盛,万菁娟,等.可溶性有机碳在土壤剖面淋溶过程中的分馏[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1289-1296.
[19]陈山,龙世平,崔新卫,等.施用稻壳生物炭对土壤养分及烤烟生长的影响[J].作物研究,2016,30(2):142-148.
[20] Deenik J L,McClellan A T,Uehara G,et al. Biochar volatile matter content effects on plant growth and nitrogen transformations in a tropical soil[J]. Crop and Soil Science,2010,74:1259-1270.
[21]吴丹,林静雯,张岩,等.牛粪生物炭对土壤氮肥淋失的抑制作用[J].土壤通报,2015,46(2):459-463.
[22]周志红,李心清,邢英,等.生物炭对土壤氮素淋失的抑制作用[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):278-284.
[23]梁利宝,李维宏,许剑敏.菌肥与有机无机肥配施对石灰性土壤不同形态氮素的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):176-179.
[24]赵殿峰,徐静,罗璇,等.生物炭对土壤养分、烤烟生长以及烟叶化学成分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(3):85-92.
[25]王涛,辛世杰,乔卫花,等.几种微生物菌肥对连作黄瓜生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011,(18):52-57.
[26]陈安强,付斌,鲁耀,等.有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):161-167.
[27]杨双剑.有机施肥模式对植烟土壤微生态的调控研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[28]段鹏鹏,丛耀辉,徐文静,等.氮肥与有机肥配施对设施土壤可溶性氮动态变化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4717-4727.
[29] Magill A H,Aber J D. Vanation in soil net mineralization rates with dissolved organic carbon additions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32(5):597-601.
[30] Jones D L,Shannon D,Murphy D V,et al. Role of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)in soil N cycling in grassland soils[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemisty,2004,36(5):749-756.
[31]候晓娜,李慧,朱刘兵,等.生物炭与秸秆添加对砂姜黑土团聚体组成和有机碳分布的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):705-712.
[32]江姗,赵光影,臧淑英,等.小兴安岭不同土地利用方式下的土壤DOC化学光谱特性[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):235-238.
[33]李鸣晓,何小松,刘骏,等.鸡粪堆肥水溶性有机物特征紫外吸收光谱研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(11):3081-3085.